[107]*107MOISE, Justice.
In the exercise of our supervisory control, Article VII, Sec. 11, Constitution of 1921-LSA, we granted writs to review a judgment of the Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, in favor of plaintiff, Mrs. Nellie Stevens, which reversed a judgment of the Twenty-Sixth Judicial District Court for the Parish of Webster in favor of the defendant, Melvin F. Johnson.
More time is sometimes spent in the battle of persuasion than in the adoption of the rules of guidance shown in the express law of the State.
The plaintiff, Mrs. Nellie Stevens, brought an action to be declared the owner of a certain piece of property described as follows:
"NWy4 of the NW*4 of Section (19), Township (17) North, Range
(10) West, Webster Parish, Louisiana, containing 3834 acres more or less.”
Plaintiff and defendant both trace their title to tax sales, and it is necessary that we know the facts to which we can then apply the law.
In 1936 Nelson Burk was the owner of the property in question.
The property was put up for sale in 1937 for unpaid 1936 taxes. A man named Campbell purchased it 'in the name of his brother, Travis Campbell, and properly recorded the deed. The Campbells did not go on the property during the year 1937, nor did they exercise any act ,of ownership- or possession over their property.
The property was again put up for sale in 1938 for unpaid 1937 taxes. Notice of tax sale was sent to Nelson Burk, who was .then not the record owner of the property. Metz Abbitt purchased the property with this infirmity and immediately recorded his deed.
Metz Abbitt, who testified that he collected rent from Burk but which proof of collection was not convincing, sold this property to Iva E. Johnson on January 6r 1943. The deed was recorded on the same day. This sale was made a little less than five years after Abbitt’s purchase, but more than five years after purchase in the name of Travis Campbell.
On August 31, 1945, Iva E. Johnson sold the property to the plaintiff, Mrs. Nellie Stevens, and since that time she and her vendors have exercised civil possession.
On March 11, 1946, Travis W. Campbell quit-claimed the property to Melvin E. Johnson, who thereafter exercised physical possession of the property.
In his answer the defendant urged that since notice of the tax sale in 1938 was sent to Nelson Burk instead of to the record owner, Travis Campbell, the sale to Metz Abbitt was null. He also pleaded the prescription of five, ten and thirty years.
The trial judge held that since Nelson Burk (the record owner in 1936) re[109]*109mained on the property until his death in 1946, such constituted possession which suspended the peremption set forth in Article X, Sec. 11 of the Constitution of 1921, which reads:
“No sale of property for taxes shall be set aside for any cause, except on proof of payment of the taxes for which the property was sold prior to the date of the sale, unless the proceeding to annul is instituted within six months from service of notice of sale, which notice shall not be served until the time of redemption shall have expired and within five years from the date of the recordation of the tax deed, if no notice is given. * * * ”
His Honor below lost sight of the fact that Nelson Burk was not possessing as record owner; - he was merely staying on the property at the ill-will of Metz' Abbitt, who was endeavoring to have him evicted. Therefore, we agree with the Honorable Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, that the above ruling made by the trial judge constitutes manifest error.
Travis Campbell lost the property by the 1938 tax sale. Since he never possessed the property nor paid any taxes •thereon, he had no further right to it in 1943. Therefore, at no time was peremption suspended as to Metz Abbitt.
“This constitutional peremption applies to all tax sales except; those specifically excepted therein and those. where the tax debtor remains in corporeal possession of the premises. * * * This constitutional provision announces the public policy of 'this State to set at rest tax titles once and for all.” King v. Moresi, 223 La. 54, 64 So.2d 841, 842.
In 1943 the infirmity in Abbitt’s title was cured by the peremption of five years. Meshell v. Bauer, 215 La. 619, 41 So.2d 237; Succession of Terrell v. Buckner, La.App., 176 So. 666; Prampin v. Southern Chemical Works, Inc., La.App., 53 So.2d 210; Ward v. South Coast Corporation, 198 La. 433, 3 So.2d 689.
Metz Abbitt’s registry of his deed and his payment-of taxes constituted civil possession, which was sufficient possession of the property. Cortinas v. Murray, 224 La. 686, 70 So.2d 589.
On application for a rehearing in the Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, the defendant filed an exception.of no cause or right of action, and the major portion of his- contention in this Court is directed to that exception. He contends that since plaintiff was a married woman she was lacking in capacity to prosecute a petitory action involving title to property, inasmuch, as property acquired by either spouse during the existence of a marriage is presumed to fall into the community, to which only the husband, as head and master, of the community, is authorized to institute suit. We do .not construe this exception [111]*111as peremptory. It is an exception of want of capacity to sue, which, being dilatory, must be filed in limine litis. Article 332 of the Code of Practice reads:
“Dilatory exceptions are such as do not tend to defeat the action, but only to retard its progress; declinatory exceptions have this effect, as well as the exception of discussion opposed by a third possessor, or by a surety, in an hypothecary action, or the exception taken in order to call in the warrantor.”
Article 333 of the Code of Practice reads:
“It is a rule which governs in all cases of exceptions, except in such as relate to the absolute incompetency of the judge before whom the suit is brought, that they must be pleaded specially in limine litis, before issued joined, otherwise they shall not be admitted.
“Hereafter no dilatory exceptions shall be allowed in any case after a judgment by default has been taken; and in every case they must be pleaded in limine litis and at one and the same time, otherwise they shall not be admitted; nor shall such exceptions hereafter be allowed in any answer in any cause.”
We have held that after default an exception as to the right and capacity of plaintiff to sue comes too late. Parish of St. John the Baptist v. Shexnaydre, 34 La.Ann. 850. A denial to plaintiff’s capacity to answer is insufficient. It should have been pleaded in limine litis before answer filed. Dunlevy Packing Co. v. Juderman, 1 La.App. 476; McDonald v. Burns, 2 La. Ann. 1; Powe v. Morgan’s La. & T. R. R. & S. S. Co., 7 La.App. 51; Bagala v. Kimble, 225 La. 943, 74 So.2d 172.
On trial, without objection, plaintiff introduced in evidence the authentic act under which she claimed title, which recited that the property was to be her separate and paraphernal property acquired with her own separate and paraphernal funds under her own administration and control.
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[107]*107MOISE, Justice.
In the exercise of our supervisory control, Article VII, Sec. 11, Constitution of 1921-LSA, we granted writs to review a judgment of the Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, in favor of plaintiff, Mrs. Nellie Stevens, which reversed a judgment of the Twenty-Sixth Judicial District Court for the Parish of Webster in favor of the defendant, Melvin F. Johnson.
More time is sometimes spent in the battle of persuasion than in the adoption of the rules of guidance shown in the express law of the State.
The plaintiff, Mrs. Nellie Stevens, brought an action to be declared the owner of a certain piece of property described as follows:
"NWy4 of the NW*4 of Section (19), Township (17) North, Range
(10) West, Webster Parish, Louisiana, containing 3834 acres more or less.”
Plaintiff and defendant both trace their title to tax sales, and it is necessary that we know the facts to which we can then apply the law.
In 1936 Nelson Burk was the owner of the property in question.
The property was put up for sale in 1937 for unpaid 1936 taxes. A man named Campbell purchased it 'in the name of his brother, Travis Campbell, and properly recorded the deed. The Campbells did not go on the property during the year 1937, nor did they exercise any act ,of ownership- or possession over their property.
The property was again put up for sale in 1938 for unpaid 1937 taxes. Notice of tax sale was sent to Nelson Burk, who was .then not the record owner of the property. Metz Abbitt purchased the property with this infirmity and immediately recorded his deed.
Metz Abbitt, who testified that he collected rent from Burk but which proof of collection was not convincing, sold this property to Iva E. Johnson on January 6r 1943. The deed was recorded on the same day. This sale was made a little less than five years after Abbitt’s purchase, but more than five years after purchase in the name of Travis Campbell.
On August 31, 1945, Iva E. Johnson sold the property to the plaintiff, Mrs. Nellie Stevens, and since that time she and her vendors have exercised civil possession.
On March 11, 1946, Travis W. Campbell quit-claimed the property to Melvin E. Johnson, who thereafter exercised physical possession of the property.
In his answer the defendant urged that since notice of the tax sale in 1938 was sent to Nelson Burk instead of to the record owner, Travis Campbell, the sale to Metz Abbitt was null. He also pleaded the prescription of five, ten and thirty years.
The trial judge held that since Nelson Burk (the record owner in 1936) re[109]*109mained on the property until his death in 1946, such constituted possession which suspended the peremption set forth in Article X, Sec. 11 of the Constitution of 1921, which reads:
“No sale of property for taxes shall be set aside for any cause, except on proof of payment of the taxes for which the property was sold prior to the date of the sale, unless the proceeding to annul is instituted within six months from service of notice of sale, which notice shall not be served until the time of redemption shall have expired and within five years from the date of the recordation of the tax deed, if no notice is given. * * * ”
His Honor below lost sight of the fact that Nelson Burk was not possessing as record owner; - he was merely staying on the property at the ill-will of Metz' Abbitt, who was endeavoring to have him evicted. Therefore, we agree with the Honorable Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, that the above ruling made by the trial judge constitutes manifest error.
Travis Campbell lost the property by the 1938 tax sale. Since he never possessed the property nor paid any taxes •thereon, he had no further right to it in 1943. Therefore, at no time was peremption suspended as to Metz Abbitt.
“This constitutional peremption applies to all tax sales except; those specifically excepted therein and those. where the tax debtor remains in corporeal possession of the premises. * * * This constitutional provision announces the public policy of 'this State to set at rest tax titles once and for all.” King v. Moresi, 223 La. 54, 64 So.2d 841, 842.
In 1943 the infirmity in Abbitt’s title was cured by the peremption of five years. Meshell v. Bauer, 215 La. 619, 41 So.2d 237; Succession of Terrell v. Buckner, La.App., 176 So. 666; Prampin v. Southern Chemical Works, Inc., La.App., 53 So.2d 210; Ward v. South Coast Corporation, 198 La. 433, 3 So.2d 689.
Metz Abbitt’s registry of his deed and his payment-of taxes constituted civil possession, which was sufficient possession of the property. Cortinas v. Murray, 224 La. 686, 70 So.2d 589.
On application for a rehearing in the Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, the defendant filed an exception.of no cause or right of action, and the major portion of his- contention in this Court is directed to that exception. He contends that since plaintiff was a married woman she was lacking in capacity to prosecute a petitory action involving title to property, inasmuch, as property acquired by either spouse during the existence of a marriage is presumed to fall into the community, to which only the husband, as head and master, of the community, is authorized to institute suit. We do .not construe this exception [111]*111as peremptory. It is an exception of want of capacity to sue, which, being dilatory, must be filed in limine litis. Article 332 of the Code of Practice reads:
“Dilatory exceptions are such as do not tend to defeat the action, but only to retard its progress; declinatory exceptions have this effect, as well as the exception of discussion opposed by a third possessor, or by a surety, in an hypothecary action, or the exception taken in order to call in the warrantor.”
Article 333 of the Code of Practice reads:
“It is a rule which governs in all cases of exceptions, except in such as relate to the absolute incompetency of the judge before whom the suit is brought, that they must be pleaded specially in limine litis, before issued joined, otherwise they shall not be admitted.
“Hereafter no dilatory exceptions shall be allowed in any case after a judgment by default has been taken; and in every case they must be pleaded in limine litis and at one and the same time, otherwise they shall not be admitted; nor shall such exceptions hereafter be allowed in any answer in any cause.”
We have held that after default an exception as to the right and capacity of plaintiff to sue comes too late. Parish of St. John the Baptist v. Shexnaydre, 34 La.Ann. 850. A denial to plaintiff’s capacity to answer is insufficient. It should have been pleaded in limine litis before answer filed. Dunlevy Packing Co. v. Juderman, 1 La.App. 476; McDonald v. Burns, 2 La. Ann. 1; Powe v. Morgan’s La. & T. R. R. & S. S. Co., 7 La.App. 51; Bagala v. Kimble, 225 La. 943, 74 So.2d 172.
On trial, without objection, plaintiff introduced in evidence the authentic act under which she claimed title, which recited that the property was to be her separate and paraphernal property acquired with her own separate and paraphernal funds under her own administration and control. Of course, such a stipulation in a deed is not always conclusive and is subject to attack, but in the instant case the defendant made no effort whatsoever to traverse the facts set forth in said title. Under these circumstances, the record having established the nature of the property as belonging to the separate estate of plaintiff, thus overcoming the presumption of community of ownership, it follows that the Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, properly overruled the exception.
In his answer to plaintiff’s petition, defendant reconvened and asked that he be remunerated for expenses and taxes paid on the property. Under Article X, Sec. 11, of the Constitution of 1921, it is provided:
“ * * * No judgment annulling a .tax sale shall have effect until the price and all taxes and costs are paid, with ten per cent per annum interest on the' [113]*113amount of the price and taxes paid from date of respective payments, be previously paid to the purchaser;
We have recently held in Thurmon v. Hogg, 225 La. 263, 72 So.2d 500, that the above provision does not apply to the vendee or transferee of the tax purchaser. Therefore, the cancellation of the tax deed to Travis Campbell and his quit-claim deed "to Iva E. Johnson cannot be predicated upon plaintiff’s payment of taxes.
Defendant did not prove the expenses alleged to have been incurred by him, and the Court of Appeal, Second Circuit, was correct in disallowing them.
For the reasons assigned, the judgment of the Court of Appeal of the Second Cir•cuit, decreeing Mrs. Nellie Stevens to be "the true and lawful owner of the following described property
“NWj4 of the NW]4 of Section (19), Township (17) North, Range (10) West, Webster Parish, Louisiana, containing 38)4 acres more or less.”
and as such entitled to the full and undisputed possession thereof, is affirmed; all •costs to be paid by defendant.
HAMITER and McCALEB, JJ., concur in the decree.