State v. Zucal

694 N.E.2d 1341, 82 Ohio St. 3d 215
Ohio Supreme Court·Decided June 24, 1998·No. No. 97-822·Published·Cited by 15 cases

Opinion

Douglas, J.

The issue presented in this appeal concerns the delay in execution of appellant’s mandatory ten-day jail sentence. Specifically, the issue before us is whether a six-year delay3 between the imposition of a mandatory jail sentence resulting from a conviction of a drunk driving offense and the execution of said [218]*218sentence is an excessive and unreasonable lapse of time between sentencing and execution of sentence.

This issue was previously before this court, as recently as two years ago, in N. Canton v. Hutchinson (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 112, 661 N.E.2d 1000. In that case appellee, Nancy Hutchinson, was arrested and convicted for disorderly conduct, criminal trespass, and resisting arrest. As ordered by the trial court, Hutchinson reported to jail to serve her sentence. However, due to jail overcrowding, the commencement of Hutchinson’s jail term was suspended and she was ordered to return five years and three days later to begin serving her sentence. Hutchinson appealed to the Stark County Court of Appeals, challenging, among other things, the delay in execution of her jail sentence. The court of appeals held that the delay in commencement of sentence for more than five years was cruel and unusual punishment and that it violated the five-year period of probation as set forth in R.C. 2951.07. Id. at 112-113, 661 N.E.2d at 1001. On appeal to this court, we vacated the judgment of the court of appeals on the commencement-of-sentence issue for lack of a final appealable order. Id. at 115, 661 N.E.2d at 1002.

In Hutchinson, this court noted our deep concern with the issue of jail overcrowding and the consequences of court-ordered sentences of incarceration being interminably delayed. Id. at 113, 661 N.E.2d at 1001. Moreover, we recognized in Hutchinson that the issue is one that is capable of repetition. While mindful of the perhaps pressing need of a pronouncement from this court on the questions raised in Hutchinson, we nonetheless were constrained by our lack of jurisdiction in that case to properly consider those concerns. Id. at 114-115, 661 N.E.2d at 1002.

Now the issue is before us again. The very same issues and concerns of jail overcrowding and delays in execution of sentences that we noted in Hutchinson are, in the case now before us, ripe for our review. Thus, it is not only appropriate, but, considering the serious dilemma of jail overcrowding in this state, also urgent for us to now decide whether lengthy delays in commencement of sentences due to jail overcrowding are proper.

We are concerned with a growing societal problem, jail overcrowding, that has become increasingly difficult to remedy. As the instant action illustrates, one reason for this difficulty, though not the sole reason, is the tougher sentencing laws meant to combat another societal problem, drunk driving. Courts in other states have addressed these issues and have resolved them in varying fashions. For instance, the Tennessee Supreme Court in dealing with inordinate delays in execution of. criminal sentences of incarceration has held that “where persons under a criminal sentence immediately present themselves to the appropriate authorities for incarceration and are turned away the sentence in each case shall begin to run when the judgment of conviction becomes final or the prisoner is [219]*219actually incarcerated, whichever is earlier.” State v. Walker (Tenn.1995), 905 S.W.2d 554, 557. The Wisconsin Court of Appeals, on the other hand, has determined that a criminal offender who reports to jail to begin serving a sentence of incarceration and is refused admission due to jail overcrowding is entitled to credit for time served against his or her sentence from the time the offender remains at liberty until instructed to report back to the jail. State v. Riske (1989), 152 Wis.2d 260, 263-264, 448 N.W.2d 260, 261-262. While' each of these cases poses potentially adequate solutions, we believe a more equitable remedy, one that balances the criminal offender’s liberty interests against the state’s interest in the proper administration of justice, is needed to better meet these important competing concerns.

Appellant argues in her first proposition of law that the state may not delay execution of her jail sentence beyond the five-year maximum probationary period prescribed by R.C. 2951.07. Appellant asserts that because R.C. 2951.07 limits the length of time for which an offender could be controlled through probation, it should likewise limit any substantially similar curtailment of freedom that results from delay in commencement of a jail sentence. We agree.

R.C. 2951.07 provides that probation, except in certain circumstances not applicable here, “shall not exceed five years.” In Brewster v. Sexton (1992), 73 Ohio App.3d 777, 598 N.E.2d 204, the Stark County Court of Appeals determined that a lapse of time of approximately one and a half years between imposition of sentence and execution of sentence did not constitute cruel and unusual punishment under either the United States or the Ohio Constitutions. Id. at 779, 598 N.E.2d at 206. The court in Brewster noted that, pursuant to R.C. 2951.07, Ohio courts, notwithstanding the original sentence of incarceration, have the power and authority to interfere with the freedom of a criminal offender for a period of five years. Thus, the court of appeals reasoned that a delay of less than five years did not amount to a constitutional violation. Id. at 780, 598 N.E.2d at 206.

We agree with the rationale of the Stark County Court of Appeals in Brewster. Thus, we find it appropriate to borrow from the probationary period statute, R.C. 2951.07, in resolving the issue whether lengthy delays in commencement of sentences resulting from jail overcrowding are proper. While we are not prepared to say that a delay of more than five years between imposition of sentence and execution of sentence amounts to cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and by Section 9, Article I of the Ohio Constitution, such a lengthy delay of longer than five years is an unreasonable, burdensome, and unlawful restriction of appellant’s freedom, given our notions of due process.

In enacting R.C. 2951.07, the legislature laid out the rules for how long the state could lawfully interfere with a criminal offender’s freedom once a term of [220]*220incarceration has been served. The legislature accomplished this by restricting the length of time to five years that an offender could be controlled or monitored through the use of probation. In the case now before us, appellant’s original sentence was imposed on March 14, 1990. In attempting to serve her sentence, appellant diligently complied with every order that directed her to report to the Stark County Jail. On three separate occasions, appellant arranged her employment and personal affairs to comply with the court’s order. Nevertheless, each time appellant reported to serve her jail sentence, she was turned away due to a lack of adequate jail space and ordered to report back at progressively later dates.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

State v. Zucal, 694 N.E.2d 1341, 82 Ohio St. 3d 215 (Ohio 1998).

694 N.E.2d 1341 (State v. Zucal) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

State v. McCarthy
2016 Ohio 1249 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2016)
State v. Jones
2014 Ohio 5705 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2014)
State v. Freshwater
2012 Ohio 3468 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2012)
State v. Dimuzio
2011 Ohio 420 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2011)
Moran v. State, Ca2008-05-057 (4-20-2009)
2009 Ohio 1840 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2009)
State v. Bradley, 08ca3055 (3-30-2009)
2009 Ohio 1620 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2009)
City of Cleveland v. Leneghan
909 N.E.2d 148 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2009)
State v. James
903 N.E.2d 340 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2008)
State v. Zucal
1998 Ohio 377 (Ohio Supreme Court, 1998)