[Cite as State v. Zeune, 2013-Ohio-4156.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
State of Ohio, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, : No. 13AP-147 (C.P.C. No. 09CR-4919) v. : (REGULAR CALENDAR) Rodney D. Zeune, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on September 24, 2013
Ronald J. O'Brien, Prosecuting Attorney, and Seth L. Gilbert, for appellee.
Rodney D. Zeune, pro se.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas
T. BRYANT, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Rodney D. Zeune, appeals from a judgment entered
by the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas denying his petition for postconviction
relief. Because we find that the trial court committed no error, we affirm the judgment.
I. BACKGROUND
{¶ 2} On August 18, 2009, appellant was indicted on one count of trafficking in
cocaine, which was at that time a third-degree felony. Appellant entered a not guilty plea,
and the case proceeded to a jury trial. No. 13AP-147 2
{¶ 3} At trial, Ayman Musleh testified that he and appellant had been friends for
several years, they often used cocaine together, and Musleh sometimes bought cocaine
from appellant. In 2009, Musleh became a confidential informant for the Mt. Vernon
Police Department after he was arrested on charges that included a felony cocaine
possession charge. In exchange for the dismissal of these charges, Musleh agreed to
purchase cocaine from appellant, who was being investigated by the Drug Enforcement
Agency. On March 5, 2009, Musleh arranged to buy an ounce of cocaine from appellant.
After appellant changed the meeting place a couple times, appellant rode in Musleh's car
and directed him to drive to an apartment complex near the Columbus airport. While in
route, appellant contacted the drug supplier, Rayshon Alexander, to tell him they were on
their way. After they arrived at the apartment complex, Musleh gave appellant the money
to buy the cocaine, and appellant gave the money to Alexander. Alexander then gave the
cocaine to appellant, who handed it to Musleh. On the way back to appellant's vehicle,
appellant snorted some of the cocaine. Musleh's car had been wired by police
investigators so they could listen to what transpired.
{¶ 4} During the trial, it was disclosed that police had certain tape recordings of
telephone calls from Musleh to appellant, including those in which they set up the drug
deal, which were not turned over to appellant and his trial counsel during discovery.
Appellant did not testify at the trial, his trial counsel did not request a jury instruction on
the defense of entrapment, and the trial court did not provide such an instruction. See
State v. Zeune, 10th Dist. No. 10AP-1102, 2011-Ohio-5170, ¶ 16-17 ("Zeune I").
{¶ 5} Following trial, the jury found appellant guilty of complicity in trafficking in
cocaine. On October 22, 2010, the trial court sentenced appellant to four years in prison, No. 13AP-147 3
with the sentence to be served consecutively to his sentence in a case in a different county.
The trial court found that the prison term was not mandatory.
{¶ 6} On direct appeal from his judgment of conviction and sentence, this court
sustained appellant's assignment of error contesting the lawfulness of the sentence
"[b]ecause it is unclear what sentence the trial court might have imposed had it realized
that appellant was not eligible for judicial release, and because appellant's prison term
was mandatory." Id. at ¶ 30. At the same time, however, we rejected appellant's
remaining assignments of error, including those in which he contended that the trial court
should have instructed the jury on the defense of entrapment and that he received
ineffective assistance of his trial counsel, including by his counsel not requesting an
entrapment instruction. Appellant was represented by different counsel in his direct
appeal. Because the court sustained appellant's assignment regarding the sentencing
error, we reversed that limited portion of the judgment and remanded the case to the trial
court for resentencing.
{¶ 7} On February 6, 2012, the trial court resentenced appellant to the same four-
year prison term, but this time found it to be mandatory pursuant to R.C. 2929.13(F). On
appeal, this court affirmed. State v. Zeune, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-198, 2012-Ohio-5476
("Zeune II").
{¶ 8} On July 5, 2011, while his appeal in Zeune I was pending, appellant, through
counsel, filed a petition for postconviction relief. In his petition, appellant raised two
grounds. Appellant attached his affidavit to the petition.
{¶ 9} First, appellant claimed that his conviction and sentence are void or
voidable because appellee withheld from him and his trial counsel exculpatory evidence— No. 13AP-147 4
recorded telephone conversations between appellant and Musleh on March 5, 2009 and
several days preceding that date. Appellant stated that Musleh repeatedly promised he
would repay appellant $4,500 toward a $6,000 debt owed to him for equipment sold, that
was the only reason appellant agreed to help Musleh buy cocaine, and that "[h]ad the
audio recordings of telephone conversations between Mr. Musleh and [appellant] been
demanded by [his trial counsel], or had they been provided during discovery, [appellant]
believe[d] that a successful entrapment defense would have been established at trial."
(R. 196-97: Affidavit of Rodney Zeune, at ¶ 6.)
{¶ 10} Second, appellant claimed that his conviction and sentence are void or
voidable because he was denied the effective assistance of counsel at trial when his trial
counsel did not question Musleh about whether he had told appellant in multiple
telephone conversations, including those made on March 5, 2009, that he would give
appellant the $4,500 he owed him. Appellant contended that, at trial, when his trial
counsel learned that the telephone conversations between Musleh and appellant had been
recorded by police, he neither sought their production nor requested a mistrial even
though appellant "had made [his trial counsel] aware that Mr. Musleh had made repeated
promises to [appellant] about the repayment of the money he owed [appellant], which
could form the basis for an entrapment defense at trial." (R. 196-97: Affidavit of Rodney
Zeune, at ¶ 4.)
{¶ 11} Plaintiff-appellee, State of Ohio, filed an answer and motion to dismiss the
petition, and appellant filed a memorandum in opposition. On February 7, 2013, after
this court had issued its decisions in Zeune I and Zeune II, the trial court denied
appellant's petition for postconviction without holding an evidentiary hearing. No. 13AP-147 5
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶ 12} This appeal ensued, and appellant assigns the following errors:
[1.] The trial court erred in determining my conviction was not void and/or voidable under the Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution, and Ohio Const. Art. I, § 10.
[2.] Trial court abused its discretion by failing to review evidence prior to dismissing the petition for post-conviction relief
[3.] The [trial] court erred by finding that trial counsel was not ineffective.
III. DISCUSSION
{¶ 13} Initially, we consider a motion filed by appellant. After the completion of
briefing in this case, appellant, on July 26, 2013, filed a "motion to set aside void
judgment and sentence" and an addendum to the motion. In his motion and addendum,
appellant reargues the assignment of error that he presented in Zeune II and raises
arguments that he either raised or could have raised in his petition for postconviction
relief. A motion seeking to vacate or correct a sentence should be construed as a petition
for postconviction relief under R.C. 2953.21. See State v. Reynolds, 79 Ohio St.3d 158,
160 (1997); State v. Mitchell, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-572, 2013-Ohio-1059, ¶ 5. These
petitions must be filed "in the court that imposed sentence." R.C. 2953.21(A)(1)(a).
Because appellant's motion and addendum seeking the vacation of his judgment of
conviction and sentence is a petition for postconviction relief, it should have been filed in
the trial court instead of in an appeal from the denial of his first petition for
postconviction relief. Moreover, res judicata precludes a defendant from raising an issue
in a postconviction motion if he could have raised the issue on direct appeal. State v. No. 13AP-147 6
Timmons, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-895, 2012-Ohio-2079, ¶ 10. Therefore, we deny appellant's
motion.
{¶ 14} Appellant's assignments of error assert that the trial court erred in denying
his petition for postconviction relief without conducting an evidentiary hearing. Because
they are interrelated, we will address them together.
{¶ 15} " '[A] trial court's decision granting or denying a postconviction petition
filed pursuant to R.C. 2953.21 should be upheld absent an abuse of discretion; a reviewing
court should not overrule the trial court's finding on a petition for postconviction relief
that is supported by competent and credible evidence.' " State v. Sidibeh, 10th Dist. No.
12AP-498, 2013-Ohio-2309, ¶ 7, quoting State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio-
6679, ¶ 58. An abuse of discretion occurs when the decision is unreasonable, arbitrary, or
unconscionable. State ex rel. Nese v. State Teachers Retirement Bd. of Ohio, 136 Ohio
St.3d 103, 2013-Ohio-1777, ¶ 25.
{¶ 16} "The postconviction relief process is a collateral civil attack on a criminal
judgment, not an appeal of the judgment." State v. Richardson, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-640,
2013-Ohio-292, ¶ 8, citing State v. Steffen, 70 Ohio St.3d 399, 410 (1994). It provides an
avenue for a criminal defendant to raise constitutional issues where the evidence to
support those claims is not contained in the trial court record. State v. Murphy, 10th
Dist. No. 00AP-233 (Dec. 26, 2000). "Postconviction review is not a constitutional right,
but, rather, is a narrow remedy which affords a petitioner no rights beyond those granted
by statute." Richardson at ¶ 8; State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 281 (1999).
{¶ 17} To be entitled to an evidentiary hearing on a petition for postconviction
relief, the defendant has the initial burden to produce evidence demonstrating a No. 13AP-147 7
cognizable claim of constitutional error. State v. Clinkscale, 10th Dist. No. 11AP-980,
2012-Ohio-2868, ¶ 19. "Pursuant to R.C. 2953.21(C), a trial court properly denies a
defendant's petition for postconviction relief without holding an evidentiary hearing
where the petition, the supporting affidavits, the documentary evidence, the files, and the
records do not demonstrate that petitioner set forth sufficient operative facts to establish
substantive grounds for relief." Calhoun at paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 18} In his petition, appellant initially raised a claim that the state had
improperly withheld audiotapes of conversations between him and Musleh. "[T]he
suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an accused upon request violates
due process where the evidence is material either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of
the good faith or bad faith of the prosecution." Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 87
(1963). To prove a Brady violation, a defendant must establish that: (1) the prosecution
withheld evidence; (2) the defense was not aware of the evidence; and (3) the evidence
withheld was material and exculpatory. State v. Monroe, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-658, 2005-
Ohio-5242, ¶ 17, citing State v. Johnston, 39 Ohio St.3d 48 (1988), paragraph four of the
syllabus, and U.S. v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 103 (1976).
{¶ 19} Appellant's petition did not set forth sufficient operative facts to establish
substantive grounds for his Brady claim. First, a Brady violation involves the post-trial
discovery of information that was known to the prosecution, but unknown to the defense.
See Agurs at 103; State v. Wickline, 50 Ohio St.3d 114, 116 (1990); State v. Tucker, 8th
Dist. No. 98685, 2013-Ohio-2527, ¶ 34; State v. Summers, 11th Dist. No. 2011-A-0040,
2012-Ohio-4457, ¶ 25; State v. Summerall, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-1024, 2004-Ohio-6599,
¶ 44. As the trial court found, "[w]hile it can be assumed that [appellant] was not aware No. 13AP-147 8
that his conversations with Musleh were being recorded by government investigators, he
certainly was aware of the contents of those conversations since he participated in them."
(R. 301, at 6.) Appellant's knowledge of the content of the conversations is supported by
his affidavit attached to his petition for postconviction relief, which emphasized that
Musleh repeatedly told him that Musleh would give appellant the $4,500 that he owed
him if appellant met him on March 5.
{¶ 20} Second, the evidence was neither exculpatory nor material. " 'Exculpatory
evidence' is defined as evidence favorable to the accused which, 'if disclosed and used
effectively, * * * may make the difference between conviction and acquittal.' " State v.
Rowe, 92 Ohio App.3d 652, 666 (10th Dist.1993), quoting U.S. v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667,
676 (1985); Summers at ¶ 25. "Evidence is considered material 'if there is a reasonable
probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the
proceeding would have been different.' " State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-
Ohio-3831, ¶ 23, quoting Bagley at 682. The touchstone of materiality is a "reasonable
probability" of a different result. State v. Norman, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-505, 2013-Ohio-
1908, ¶ 55. " 'The question is not whether the defendant would more likely than not
have received a different verdict with the evidence, but whether in its absence he
received a fair trial, understood as a trial resulting in a verdict worthy of confidence.' "
Id., quoting Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 434 (1995).
{¶ 21} In his petition, appellant claimed that the withheld audio recordings
would have established that the only reason he met with Musleh on March 5, 2009 was
that Musleh promised to repay him the $4,500 that he owed to appellant, which would
have established an affirmative defense of entrapment. Entrapment is an affirmative No. 13AP-147 9
defense so, the defendant bears the burden to establish it by a preponderance of the
evidence. State v. Daniels, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-976, 2010-Ohio-3745, ¶ 24. "The
defense of entrapment is established where the criminal design originates with the
officials of the government, and they implant in the mind of an innocent person the
disposition to commit the alleged offense and induce its commission in order to
prosecute." State v. Doran, 5 Ohio St.3d 187 (1983), paragraph one of the syllabus.
{¶ 22} Entrapment is not established, however, "when government officials
' "merely afford opportunities or facilities for the commission of the offense" ' and it is
shown that the accused was predisposed to commit the offense." Doran at 192, quoting
Sherman v. U.S., 356 U.S. 369, 372 (1958). The following factors are pertinent to the
issue of whether a criminal defendant is predisposed to commit an offense: (1) the
accused's previous involvement in criminal activity of the nature charged; (2) the
accused's ready acquiescence to the inducements offered by the police; (3) the accused's
expert knowledge in the area of the criminal activity charged; (4) the accused's ready
access to contraband; and (5) the accused's willingness to involve himself in criminal
activity. Doran at 192.
{¶ 23} As detailed in the trial court's decision denying appellant's petition for
postconviction relief, the evidence adduced at trial indicates that the withheld audio
recordings, even assuming they could be considered exculpatory, were immaterial
because appellant's predisposition to commit the drug offense negated any potential
entrapment defense:
Here, [appellant] had previously used cocaine with Musleh. [Appellant] knew the source of the cocaine. [Appellant] directed Musleh to several locations before finally taking him to his source of the drug. [Appellant] "snorted" cocaine during No. 13AP-147 10
the return trip following the purchase. [Appellant] had sold cocaine to Musleh on previous occasions. There is no evidence that [appellant] was reluctant to arrange the sale of cocaine. The audio recording of the conversation between [appellant] and Musleh while in Musleh's car showed [appellant's] knowledge of cocaine trafficking. Thus, even if there were evidence that the recordings of telephone conversations between Musleh and [appellant] actually contained a promise by Musleh to repay money [appellant] now claims was owed to him, the totality of the evidence shows no "reasonable probability" that the result of the trial would be different.
(R. 301, at 5.)
{¶ 24} In fact, if obtaining the promised $4,500 that was purportedly owed to him
had actually been the sole or primary motivation for appellant to have met with Musleh
on March 5, 2009, the evidence rebuts this claim because appellant ended up engaging in
the cocaine purchase with Musleh without even asking for or receiving this money.
{¶ 25} Therefore, appellant received a fair trial and his petition and attached
affidavit failed to set forth sufficient operative facts to support his first claim of a Brady
violation.
{¶ 26} Appellant's remaining claim in his petition for postconviction relief alleged
that he was denied the effective assistance of counsel at his trial because his trial counsel
should have properly raised an entrapment defense and moved for the immediate
production of the recorded telephone conversations between Musleh and appellant or for
a mistrial once it became clear that tapes of them had been withheld by the state.
{¶ 27} "To secure a hearing on his claim for postconviction relief based on the
ineffective assistance of trial counsel, defendant had the initial burden of submitting
evidentiary documents that together contain sufficient operative facts which, if believed,
would establish (1) counsel substantially violated at least one of the attorney's essential No. 13AP-147 11
duties to his or her client, and (2) defendant was prejudiced as a result." Sidibeh at ¶ 15.
Courts must indulge a strong presumption that an attorney's conduct is within the
acceptable, broad range of reasonable professional assistance. Id.; Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689 (1984). As the trial court correctly determined, based on
the lack of evidence supporting the defense of entrapment, even assuming the veracity of
appellant's statements in his affidavit that Musleh induced him to meet with him on
March 5, 2009 with the promise of repaying him $4,500, appellant could not show that
counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation in
either failing to pursue that defense, request the production of the recorded telephone
conversations between Musleh and appellant, or move for a mistrial. Nor could appellant
show prejudice, i.e., a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors,
the result of the proceeding would have been different when the entrapment defense was
not viable. See also Zeune I at ¶ 38 (trial counsel was not ineffective for failing to request
jury instruction on defense of entrapment because the evidence introduced at trial did not
warrant such an instruction).
{¶ 28} Therefore, appellant's petition also failed to set forth sufficient operative
facts to support his second claim of ineffective assistance of trial counsel.
{¶ 29} Because appellant's petition for postconviction relief did not contain
sufficient operative facts to support his specified grounds and he did not meet his initial
burden to produce evidence demonstrating a cognizable constitutional error, the trial
court did not err in denying his petition without conducting an evidentiary hearing.
{¶ 30} Finally, insofar as appellant raises additional claims that were not raised in
his petition for postconviction relief, e.g., bias on the part of the judge who presided over No. 13AP-147 12
his trial, ineffectiveness of his trial counsel for permitting cocaine to be admitted at trial
while knowing that it had not been disclosed in discovery, whether Alexander's status as a
confidential informant should have been disclosed in discovery, he waived them. See
State v. Barb, 8th Dist. No. 94054, 2010-Ohio-5239, ¶ 25, citing State v. McKee, 9th Dist.
No. 96CA006599 (Oct. 1, 1997) (failure to raise issue in petition for postconviction relief
results in a waiver of the right to assert the issue on appeal); Hudson v. P.I.E. Mut. Ins.
Co., 10th Dist. No. 10AP-480, 2011-Ohio-908, ¶ 12, quoting Gentile v. Ristas, 160 Ohio
App.3d 765, 2005-Ohio-2197, ¶ 74 (10th Dist.) (" 'It is well settled that a litigant's failure
to raise an issue before the trial court waives the litigant's right to raise that issue on
appeal.' ").
{¶ 31} Accordingly, appellant's first, second, and third assignments of error are
overruled.
IV. CONCLUSION
{¶ 32} Having overruled appellant's three assignments of error, the judgment of
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
KLATT, P.J., and BROWN, J., concur.
T. BRYANT, J., retired, formerly of the Third Appellate District, assigned to active duty under authority of the Ohio Constitution, Article IV, Section 6(C). _______________________