[Cite as State v. Young, 2019-Ohio-134.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-170628 TRIAL NO. B-0701436 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
AARON E. YOUNG, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: January 18, 2019
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Paula E. Adams, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Aaron E. Young, pro se. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Aaron E. Young presents on appeal a single
assignment of error, challenging the Hamilton County Common Pleas Court’s judgment
dismissing his 2017 “Motion to Correct a Void Sentence.” Upon our determination
that the court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motion, we affirm the court’s
judgment.
{¶2} Young was convicted in 2010 upon guilty pleas to multiple counts of
aggravated robbery and victim/witness intimidation. He unsuccessfully challenged his
convictions on direct appeal, in an untimely motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, and in
a timely petition under R.C. 2953.21 for postconviction relief. See State v. Young, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-100065 (Nov. 17, 2010), appeal not accepted, 134 Ohio St.3d
1486, 2013-Ohio-902, 984 N.E.2d 29 (affirming his convictions on direct appeal);
State v. Young, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-140236, 2015-Ohio-774, appeals not
accepted, 143 Ohio St.3d 1406, 2015-Ohio-2747, 34 N.E.3d 134 (affirming the denial of
postconviction relief).
{¶3} In his 2017 “Motion to Correct a Void Sentence,” Young sought
“correct[ion]” of the sentence imposed for the firearm specification accompanying the
charge of aggravated robbery in count 17 of the indictment. He argued that the trial
court had lacked the authority to impose an additional one-year term of actual
incarceration for the firearm specification, because for purposes of proving the
specification, “a BB gun is not a firearm.”
No Jurisdiction to Entertain Motion under Postconviction Statutes
{¶4} Young did not designate in his motion a statute or rule under which the
common pleas court may have afforded the relief sought. The court was thus left to
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
“recast” the motion “into whatever category necessary to identify and establish the
criteria by which the motion should be judged.” State v. Schlee, 117 Ohio St.3d 153,
2008-Ohio-545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12 and syllabus.
{¶5} A common pleas court may grant relief from a conviction under R.C.
2953.21 et seq., the postconviction statutes, upon proof of a constitutional violation
during the proceedings resulting in the conviction. See R.C. 2953.21(A)(1); State v.
Powell, 90 Ohio App.3d 260, 264, 629 N.E.2d 13 (1st Dist.1993). A conviction based
on legally insufficient evidence violates the guarantee, secured by the Due Process
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, that “no
person shall be made to suffer the onus of a criminal conviction except upon sufficient
proof—defined as evidence necessary to convince a trier of fact beyond a reasonable
doubt of the existence of every element of the offense.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.
307, 316, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). Accord State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 386-387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997); State v. Campbell, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-950746, 1997 WL 5182, *3 (Jan. 8, 1997). Thus, Young’s challenge in his
postconviction motion, to the legal sufficiency of the evidence of his guilt of count 17’s
firearm specification, may fairly be read to seek relief based on an alleged
constitutional violation during the proceedings resulting in the imposition of an
additional one-year term of actual incarceration for count 17’s firearm specification.
The motion was, therefore, reviewable by the common pleas court under the standards
provided by the postconviction statutes.
{¶6} But Young filed his postconviction motion well after the time prescribed
by R.C. 2953.21(A)(2) had expired. And he failed to satisfy the R.C. 2953.23
jurisdictional requirements for filing a late postconviction petition, when he did not
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
show either that he had been unavoidably prevented from discovering the facts upon
which his postconviction claim depended, or that his claim was predicated upon a new
and retrospectively applicable right recognized by the United States Supreme Court
since the time for filing the claim had expired. Consequently, the postconviction
statutes did not confer upon the common pleas court jurisdiction to entertain the
motion. See R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a).
No Jurisdiction to Correct Sentence as Void
{¶7} A court always has jurisdiction to correct a void judgment. See State ex
rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353, 2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, ¶ 18-19.
And a judgment of conviction is void to the extent that a sentence is unauthorized by
statute or does not include a statutorily mandated term or if the trial court lacks
subject-matter jurisdiction or the authority to act. See State v. Wurzelbacher, 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-130011, 2013-Ohio-4009, ¶ 8; State v. Grant, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-120695, 2013-Ohio-3421, ¶ 9-16. See also Dunbar v. State, 136 Ohio St.3d 181,
2013-Ohio-2163, 992 N.E.2d 1111, ¶ 14-15 (noting the “traditional[]” rule that, except
with certain sentencing errors, a judgment is not void unless “a court acts without
subject-matter jurisdiction”).
{¶8} We note that count 17 of the indictment charged Young with possessing
“a BB gun” in committing or attempting to commit the offense of aggravated robbery,
but the count’s firearm specification charged him with possessing “a firearm” while
committing the offense. Thus, the one-year additional prison term imposed for count
17’s firearm specification was not, as Young insisted, based on a guilty plea to
possessing a BB gun, but upon his guilty plea to possessing “a firearm” while
committing the offense charged.
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶9} Moreover, with his guilty plea to count 17’s firearm specification, Young
waived the challenge presented in his 2017 motion to the sufficiency of the evidence to
prove the specification. A counseled knowing, voluntary, and intelligent guilty plea
waives any “independent claims relating to the deprivation of constitutional rights that
occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.” Tollett v. Henderson, 411 U.S. 258, 267,
93 S.Ct. 1602, 36 L.Ed.2d 235 (1973); State v. Spates, 64 Ohio St.3d 269, 272, 595
N.E.2d 351 (1992); State v. Morgan, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-080011, 2009-Ohio-
1370, ¶ 25. The plea constitutes a complete admission of guilt and removes any issues
of factual guilt from the case. See Crim.R. 11(B)(1); State v. Wilson, 58 Ohio St.2d 52,
388 N.E.2d 745 (1979), paragraph one of the syllabus; State v.
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[Cite as State v. Young, 2019-Ohio-134.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-170628 TRIAL NO. B-0701436 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
AARON E. YOUNG, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: January 18, 2019
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Paula E. Adams, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Aaron E. Young, pro se. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Aaron E. Young presents on appeal a single
assignment of error, challenging the Hamilton County Common Pleas Court’s judgment
dismissing his 2017 “Motion to Correct a Void Sentence.” Upon our determination
that the court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motion, we affirm the court’s
judgment.
{¶2} Young was convicted in 2010 upon guilty pleas to multiple counts of
aggravated robbery and victim/witness intimidation. He unsuccessfully challenged his
convictions on direct appeal, in an untimely motion to withdraw his guilty pleas, and in
a timely petition under R.C. 2953.21 for postconviction relief. See State v. Young, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-100065 (Nov. 17, 2010), appeal not accepted, 134 Ohio St.3d
1486, 2013-Ohio-902, 984 N.E.2d 29 (affirming his convictions on direct appeal);
State v. Young, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-140236, 2015-Ohio-774, appeals not
accepted, 143 Ohio St.3d 1406, 2015-Ohio-2747, 34 N.E.3d 134 (affirming the denial of
postconviction relief).
{¶3} In his 2017 “Motion to Correct a Void Sentence,” Young sought
“correct[ion]” of the sentence imposed for the firearm specification accompanying the
charge of aggravated robbery in count 17 of the indictment. He argued that the trial
court had lacked the authority to impose an additional one-year term of actual
incarceration for the firearm specification, because for purposes of proving the
specification, “a BB gun is not a firearm.”
No Jurisdiction to Entertain Motion under Postconviction Statutes
{¶4} Young did not designate in his motion a statute or rule under which the
common pleas court may have afforded the relief sought. The court was thus left to
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
“recast” the motion “into whatever category necessary to identify and establish the
criteria by which the motion should be judged.” State v. Schlee, 117 Ohio St.3d 153,
2008-Ohio-545, 882 N.E.2d 431, ¶ 12 and syllabus.
{¶5} A common pleas court may grant relief from a conviction under R.C.
2953.21 et seq., the postconviction statutes, upon proof of a constitutional violation
during the proceedings resulting in the conviction. See R.C. 2953.21(A)(1); State v.
Powell, 90 Ohio App.3d 260, 264, 629 N.E.2d 13 (1st Dist.1993). A conviction based
on legally insufficient evidence violates the guarantee, secured by the Due Process
Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, that “no
person shall be made to suffer the onus of a criminal conviction except upon sufficient
proof—defined as evidence necessary to convince a trier of fact beyond a reasonable
doubt of the existence of every element of the offense.” Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S.
307, 316, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979). Accord State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 386-387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997); State v. Campbell, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-950746, 1997 WL 5182, *3 (Jan. 8, 1997). Thus, Young’s challenge in his
postconviction motion, to the legal sufficiency of the evidence of his guilt of count 17’s
firearm specification, may fairly be read to seek relief based on an alleged
constitutional violation during the proceedings resulting in the imposition of an
additional one-year term of actual incarceration for count 17’s firearm specification.
The motion was, therefore, reviewable by the common pleas court under the standards
provided by the postconviction statutes.
{¶6} But Young filed his postconviction motion well after the time prescribed
by R.C. 2953.21(A)(2) had expired. And he failed to satisfy the R.C. 2953.23
jurisdictional requirements for filing a late postconviction petition, when he did not
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
show either that he had been unavoidably prevented from discovering the facts upon
which his postconviction claim depended, or that his claim was predicated upon a new
and retrospectively applicable right recognized by the United States Supreme Court
since the time for filing the claim had expired. Consequently, the postconviction
statutes did not confer upon the common pleas court jurisdiction to entertain the
motion. See R.C. 2953.23(A)(1)(a).
No Jurisdiction to Correct Sentence as Void
{¶7} A court always has jurisdiction to correct a void judgment. See State ex
rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353, 2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, ¶ 18-19.
And a judgment of conviction is void to the extent that a sentence is unauthorized by
statute or does not include a statutorily mandated term or if the trial court lacks
subject-matter jurisdiction or the authority to act. See State v. Wurzelbacher, 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-130011, 2013-Ohio-4009, ¶ 8; State v. Grant, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-120695, 2013-Ohio-3421, ¶ 9-16. See also Dunbar v. State, 136 Ohio St.3d 181,
2013-Ohio-2163, 992 N.E.2d 1111, ¶ 14-15 (noting the “traditional[]” rule that, except
with certain sentencing errors, a judgment is not void unless “a court acts without
subject-matter jurisdiction”).
{¶8} We note that count 17 of the indictment charged Young with possessing
“a BB gun” in committing or attempting to commit the offense of aggravated robbery,
but the count’s firearm specification charged him with possessing “a firearm” while
committing the offense. Thus, the one-year additional prison term imposed for count
17’s firearm specification was not, as Young insisted, based on a guilty plea to
possessing a BB gun, but upon his guilty plea to possessing “a firearm” while
committing the offense charged.
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶9} Moreover, with his guilty plea to count 17’s firearm specification, Young
waived the challenge presented in his 2017 motion to the sufficiency of the evidence to
prove the specification. A counseled knowing, voluntary, and intelligent guilty plea
waives any “independent claims relating to the deprivation of constitutional rights that
occurred prior to the entry of the guilty plea.” Tollett v. Henderson, 411 U.S. 258, 267,
93 S.Ct. 1602, 36 L.Ed.2d 235 (1973); State v. Spates, 64 Ohio St.3d 269, 272, 595
N.E.2d 351 (1992); State v. Morgan, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-080011, 2009-Ohio-
1370, ¶ 25. The plea constitutes a complete admission of guilt and removes any issues
of factual guilt from the case. See Crim.R. 11(B)(1); State v. Wilson, 58 Ohio St.2d 52,
388 N.E.2d 745 (1979), paragraph one of the syllabus; State v. Montenegro, 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-010160, 2001 WL 1635608 (Dec. 21, 2001).
{¶10} Young’s guilty plea to count 17’s firearm specification was counseled.
His direct appeal was submitted consistent with Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87
S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493 (1967), and in affirming his convictions in the direct appeal,
we necessarily concluded that Young had entered his guilty pleas knowingly,
voluntarily, and intelligently. Young challenged the knowing, voluntary, and
intelligent nature of his guilty pleas in his 2010 motion to withdraw those pleas and in
his 2010 postconviction petition, but he took no appeal from the overruling of his
motion to withdraw, and we affirmed on appeal the denial of his postconviction
petition. In the 2017 postconviction motion from which this appeal derives, Young did
not challenge the knowing, voluntary, or intelligent nature of his guilty pleas. And the
record before us does not compel a contrary conclusion. Consequently, Young’s
counseled guilty plea to count 17’s firearm specification cannot be said to have been
other than knowing, voluntary, and intelligent.
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶11} With his counseled knowing, voluntary, and intelligent guilty plea to
count 17’s specification, Young waived the challenge presented in his 2017 motion to
the legal sufficiency of the evidence on the specification. See Wilson at paragraph one
of the syllabus; Montenegro. Because a guilty plea waives a sufficiency challenge, any
deficiency in the evidence that might have been offered to prove the specification at
trial, even if demonstrated, could not be said to have rendered his sentence on the
specification void. That sentence was, therefore, not subject to correction under the
common pleas court’s jurisdiction to correct a void sentence.
We Affirm
{¶12} The common pleas court properly dismissed Young’s “Motion to Correct
a Void Sentence,” because the court had no jurisdiction to entertain the motion.
Accordingly, we overrule the assignment of error and affirm the court’s judgment.
Judgment affirmed.
ZAYAS, P.J., MYERS and MILLER, JJ.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.