State v. Wray

747 S.E.2d 133, 228 N.C. App. 504, 2013 WL 3990664, 2013 N.C. App. LEXIS 850
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedAugust 6, 2013
DocketNo. COA12-1406
StatusPublished

This text of 747 S.E.2d 133 (State v. Wray) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Wray, 747 S.E.2d 133, 228 N.C. App. 504, 2013 WL 3990664, 2013 N.C. App. LEXIS 850 (N.C. Ct. App. 2013).

Opinion

CALABRIA, Judge.

John Lewis Wray, Jr. (“defendant”) appeals from a judgment entered upon jury verdicts finding him guilty of possession with intent to sell or deliver (“PWISD”) cocaine, sale of cocaine, and attaining the status of an habitual felon. We find no error.

I Background

In 2007, defendant was arrested and indicted for PWISD cocaine, sale of cocaine and for attaining the status of an habitual felon. At trial in Cleveland County Superior Court, although the trial court had appointed “three of the best lawyers in Cleveland County,” appointed yet another attorney (“the fourth attorney”) to represent defendant. After defendant told the court that he did not want to be represented by the fourth attorney, the court reminded defendant of the possible prison sentence he faced and asked him whether he was certain that he wanted to represent himself. The trial court found that defendant had forfeited his right to counsel and defendant proceeded to tríalpro se. The jury was unable to reach a verdict on the sale of cocaine charge but found defendant guilty of PWISD cocaine and attaining the status of an habitual felon. The trial court sentenced defendant to a minimum of 136 months and a maximum of 173 months to be served in the North Carolina Department of Correction. Defendant appealed. This Court concluded that defendant might not have been competent to proceed pro se and “that the trial court erred by granting defense counsel's motion to withdraw and in ruling that [defendant had forfeited his right to counsel.” State v. Wray, 206 N.C. App. 354, 371, 698 S.E.2d 137, 148 (2010) (“Wray I”). As a result, this Court reversed and remanded the case. Id.

On 10 May 2011, the trial court filed a motion and ordered defendant’s commitment to Central Regional Hospital for a period not to exceed sixty (60) days for observation and treatment to determine his capacity to proceed. In its order, the court included the reason for the commitment, stating “[t]he North Carolina Court of Appeals has [506]*506determined that there is an issue concerning this defendant’s capacity to proceed.” On 7 June 2011, defendant was examined and submitted to a capacity to proceed evaluation. Subsequently, a forensic psychiatrist determined defendant was capable to proceed on the pending charges. Since defendant was not represented by an attorney on 29 August 2011, the trial court appointed an attorney for defendant and modified his bond to $500.00, secured. On 9 April 2012, the Court found defendant was competent to proceed.

At the second trial, the State produced evidence that law enforcement officers worked with Philip West (“West”), a paid informant, on 27 September 2006, making controlled drug buys. Since West wore a recording device, the officers could hear what occurred when he made a purchase from defendant. When West returned to the officers, they downloaded a video of the interaction. The State played the video at trial. The State also produced evidence that West paid defendant $20.00 for less than 0.1 grams of cocaine.

The jury returned verdicts finding defendant guilty of PWISD cocaine, sale of cocaine, and attaining the status of an habitual felon. The trial court consolidated the offenses of PWISD cocaine and sale of cocaine and sentenced defendant to a minimum of 142 months and a maximum of 180 months in custody of the North Carolina Division of Adult Correction. Defendant appeals.

II. Defendant's Right to Representation

Prior to Capacity Evaluation

Defendant argues that the trial court erred by failing to appoint counsel to represent him after Wray I and before ordering defendant to submit to a capacity to proceed evaluation. Specifically, defendant argues that that time period was a critical stage of his trial that required defendant to be appointed counsel. We disagree.

The United States Supreme Court has held that “[t]he presumption that counsel’s assistance is essential require [d them] to conclude that a trial is unfair if the accused is denied counsel at a critical stage of his trial.” United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 659, 104 S. Ct. 2039, 2047, 80 L. Ed. 2d 657, 668 (1984). Our Supreme Court has determined that “[w]hether a critical stage has been reached depends upon an analysis of whether potential substantial prejudice to defendant’s rights inheres in the particular confrontation and the ability of counsel to help avoid that prejudice.” State v. Detter, 298 N.C. 604, 620, 260 S.E.2d 567, 579 (1979) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Furthermore, “[a] critical stage has been reached when constitutional rights can be [507]*507waived, defenses lost, a plea taken or other events occur that can affect the entire trial.” Id.

A capacity to proceed evaluation is conducted to determine “whether [defendant] has capacity to comprehend his position, to understand the nature of the proceedings against him, to conduct his defense in a rational manner and to cooperate with his counsel so that any available defense may be interposed.” State v. Nobles, 99 N.C. App. 473, 475, 393 S.E.2d 328, 329 (1990) (quotation marks and citation omitted). Our Supreme Court has held that a “defendant had no constitutional right to have counsel present during his competency evaluation.” State v. Davis, 349 N.C. 1, 20, 506 S.E.2d 455, 465 (1998).

In the instant case, the trial court ordered defendant to undergo an evaluation at Central Hospital on his capacity to proceed in accordance with its interpretation of the Court of Appeals’ opinion. At the evaluation, the psychiatrist only asked defendant questions regarding his mental capacity to proceed. Furthermore, since defendant’s evaluation was performed by a psychiatrist at Central Hospital while he had been released on bond, he did not waive his constitutional rights, lose any of his potential defenses, and he certainly could not enter any type of a plea during a hospital commitment. In addition, because he was not in custody at the time of the evaluation, we hold there was no potential for substantial prejudice and this was not a critical stage.

Defendant cites Estelle v. Smith for the proposition that a defendant must be able to consult with an attorney prior to submitting to a competency hearing. 451 U.S. 454, 101 S. Ct. 1866, 68 L.Ed.2d 359 (1981). However, Estelle is distinguishable because in that case, the defendant had already been appointed an attorney, was already in custody and the competency evaluation was conducted in the defendant’s jail cell. Id. at 469-71, 101 S. Ct. at 1876-77, 68 L.Ed.2d at 373-74. Furthermore, the State used the psychiatrist’s testimony at the penalty stage of the trial to prove future dangerousness and the Court held that because the defendant’s counsel was not notified of the interview and given the opportunity to advise his client on whether to submit to it, information secured from the defendant could not be used by the State at trial. Id. at 471, 101 S.Ct. at 1877, 68 L.Ed.2d at 374.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
747 S.E.2d 133, 228 N.C. App. 504, 2013 WL 3990664, 2013 N.C. App. LEXIS 850, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-wray-ncctapp-2013.