[Cite as State v. Woodfork, 2024-Ohio-2555.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Appellee : C.A. No. 29967 : v. : Trial Court Case No. 2022 CR 1669 : RICHARD E. WOODFORK JR. : (Criminal Appeal from Common Pleas : Court) Appellant : :
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OPINION
Rendered on July 3, 2024
DAVID R. MILES, Attorney for Appellant
MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by SARAH H. CHANEY, Attorney for Appellee
.............
WELBAUM, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant Richard E. Woodfork, Jr. appeals from the judgment of the
Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas overruling his post-sentence motion to
withdraw his guilty plea. Woodfork also appeals from the court’s judgment finding him
guilty of violating his community control sanctions, revoking his community control -2-
sanctions, and imposing a 30-month prison term. For the reasons outlined below, the
judgments of the trial court will be affirmed.
Facts and Course of Proceedings
{¶ 2} On July 13, 2022, a Montgomery County grand jury returned an indictment
charging Woodfork with one fifth-degree-felony count of possession of drugs
(cocaine) and one second-degree-felony count of aggravated possession of drugs
(methamphetamine). Woodfork pled not guilty to the indicted charges at his arraignment,
but he later negotiated a plea agreement with the State whereby he agreed to plead guilty
to a reduced third-degree-felony charge of aggravated possession of drugs. In
exchange for Woodfork’s plea, the State agreed to dismiss the possession of cocaine
charge and to jointly recommend the imposition of community control sanctions at
sentencing.
{¶ 3} On August 30, 2023, the trial court accepted Woodfork’s negotiated guilty
plea after engaging him in a plea colloquy. The trial court then held a sentencing hearing
on September 27, 2023, and sentenced Woodfork to a five-year term of community
control sanctions. The community control sanctions included several requirements,
including that Woodfork comply with the General Conditions of Supervision and attend
and complete inpatient drug treatment at the STAR Program (“STAR”).
{¶ 4} A week after being sentenced, Woodfork, who was represented by counsel,
filed a pro se motion requesting that trial court modify his community control sanctions.
Specifically, Woodfork wanted the sanction requiring him to complete inpatient drug -3-
treatment to be changed to outpatient drug treatment so that he could continue operating
his auto-detailing company. Woodfork also filed a pro se motion to withdraw his guilty
plea on grounds that his trial counsel had provided ineffective assistance. In support of
that motion, Woodfork claimed his trial counsel had promised that his guilty plea would
not result in his being sentenced to jail or any other correctional institution. The trial court
did not rule on either of Woodfork’s pro se motions.
{¶ 5} Shortly after Woodfork filed his pro se motions, his trial counsel moved to
withdraw from the case. The trial court granted counsel’s motion to withdraw and
appointed new counsel for Woodfork. Woodfork’s new trial counsel thereafter filed a
motion to withdraw his guilty plea that raised the same ineffective-assistance claim
argued in Woodfork’s pro se motion. The motion also alleged that Woodfork’s guilty plea
was not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily entered due to his being under the
influence of illicit substances during the plea hearing.
{¶ 6} Around the same time, on October 16, 2023, Woodfork’s probation officer
filed a notice of violation/revocation hearing. The notice alleged that Woodfork had
violated Sanction #4 of his community control sanctions, which required him to attend and
complete inpatient drug treatment at STAR. The notice also alleged that Woodfork had
violated Rule #6 of the General Conditions of Supervision, which prohibited Woodfork
from using or possessing any controlled substances, drugs of abuse, or drug substitutes.
{¶ 7} On November 8, 2023, the trial court held a hearing at which it addressed the
motion to withdraw the guilty plea that was filed by Woodfork’s counsel. After
considering the parties’ arguments on the plea-withdrawal issue, the trial court declined -4-
to hold an evidentiary hearing on the matter. The trial court did, however, permit
Woodfork to make a statement on the record. During his statement, Woodfork claimed
that he had been intoxicated during the plea hearing because he had used marijuana and
Adderall earlier on the day of his plea. Woodfork also claimed that his prior trial counsel
had advised him to accept the State’s plea offer and enter a guilty plea but had failed to
tell him that, by doing so, he could be sent to jail or be required to complete inpatient drug
treatment at a correctional facility.
{¶ 8} The trial court found that Woodfork’s arguments lacked merit and overruled
his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. Immediately after that ruling, the State offered to
forego the revocation proceedings for the alleged community control violations if
Woodfork would agree to enter inpatient treatment at STAR. Woodfork, however,
declined the offer. The State thereafter called Woodfork’s probation officer to testify
regarding Woodfork’s alleged community control violations.
{¶ 9} The probation officer’s testimony established that Woodfork signed his
General Conditions of Supervision on September 27, 2023. The probation officer
thereafter met with Woodfork on October 2, 2023, and went over each sanction listed on
the termination entry with him. The probation officer confirmed that Sanction #4 on the
termination entry included the requirement that Woodfork “attend[ ] and complete[ ] the
STAR Program (Probation Officer will arrange bed date), and any additional programming
recommended by an aftercare treatment agency, Montgomery County Probation
Services, or the Court[.]” State’s Ex. 2; Hearing Tr. (Nov. 8, 2023), p. 21.
{¶ 10} According to the probation officer, during the October 2 meeting, Woodfork -5-
told her that he had never agreed to Sanction #4 and that he did not want to do inpatient
drug treatment at STAR. In response, the probation officer told Woodfork that he could
either comply with Sanction #4 or face revocation of his community control sanctions.
The probation officer testified that Woodfork initially chose not to go forward with
revocation proceedings, but later changed his mind when he reported back to her on
October 10, 2023.
{¶ 11} When the probation officer met with Woodfork on October 10, Woodfork
advised her that he was not going to complete inpatient drug treatment at STAR and
wanted to go forward with revocation proceedings. In response, the probation officer
told Woodfork that she would be filing for revocation of his community control sanctions.
The probation officer testified that she prepared a notice of violation/revocation hearing
and sent it in for filing on October 13, 2023. However, the probation officer recognized
that the notice was not officially filed until October 16, 2023.
{¶ 12} The probation officer testified that Woodfork reported back to her on
October 13, 2023, and was taken into custody for refusing to complete inpatient drug
treatment at STAR. The probation officer also testified that a bed at STAR had become
available for Woodfork the following week, and that STAR attempted to admit Woodfork
into the program, but Woodfork refused to go.
{¶ 13} With regard to Woodfork’s drug use, the probation officer testified that she
first requested a drug screen from Woodfork on October 10, 2023. On cross-
examination, the probation officer confirmed that Woodfork had told her that the drug
screen would come back positive because he had marijuana and Adderall in his system. -6-
Although not directly stated on the record, it was intimated that Woodfork had claimed
that he used those drugs prior to being placed on community control.
{¶ 14} After hearing the probation officer’s testimony, the trial court found that
Woodfork was guilty of violating the terms of his community control sanctions. The trial
court then immediately proceeded to sentence Woodfork. During sentencing, the trial
court found that Woodfork was not amenable to community control and imposed a 30-
month prison sentence for his community control violation.
{¶ 15} Woodfork now appeals from the trial court’s judgments overruling his post-
sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea, revoking his community control sanctions,
and sentencing him to prison. In doing so, Woodfork has raised three assignments of
error for review.
First Assignment of Error
{¶ 16} Under his first assignment of error, Woodfork contends the trial court erred
by overruling his post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea. In support of this
claim, Woodfork raises the same arguments that he raised in his motion, i.e., that his
guilty plea was invalid due to his being under the influence of marijuana and Adderall at
the time of his plea hearing and due to his trial counsel’s ineffective assistance.
{¶ 17} Under Crim.R. 32.1: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may
be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after
sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to withdraw
his or her plea.” Pursuant to this rule, “a trial court may permit a defendant to withdraw -7-
a plea after imposition of sentence only to correct a manifest injustice.” (Citations
omitted.) State v. Ray, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2019-CA-31, 2020-Ohio-4769, ¶ 11.
The burden to prove the existence of a manifest injustice rests upon the defendant and
demands a showing of extraordinary circumstances. State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261,
264, 361 N.E.2d 1324 (1977); State v. Turner, 171 Ohio App.3d 82, 2007-Ohio-1346, 869
N.E.2d 708, ¶ 20 (2d Dist.).
{¶ 18} A defendant may establish a manifest injustice “ ‘by showing that he did not
enter the guilty plea in a knowing, intelligent, or voluntary manner.’ ” State v. Leifheit, 2d
Dist. Clark No. 2019-CA-78, 2020-Ohio-5106, ¶ 16, quoting State v. Riley, 4th Dist.
Washington No. 16CA29, 2017-Ohio-5819, ¶ 18. (Other citations omitted.) “ ‘Ineffective
assistance of counsel can [also] constitute manifest injustice sufficient to allow the post-
sentence withdrawal of a guilty plea.’ ” State v. Banks, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25188,
2013-Ohio-2116, ¶ 9, quoting State v. Dalton, 153 Ohio App.3d 286, 2003-Ohio-3813,
793 N.E.2d 509, ¶ 18 (10th Dist.). “ ‘When arguing the ineffective assistance of counsel
in a motion to withdraw a plea, the defendant must show that counsel’s ineffectiveness
affected whether the defendant made a knowing and voluntary plea.’ ” Id., quoting State
v. Doak, 7th Dist. Columbiana Nos. 03 CO 15 and 03 CO 31, 2004-Ohio-1548, ¶ 3.
{¶ 19} The decision whether to grant a post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty
plea is within the sound discretion of the trial court. Smith at 264; State v. Xie, 62 Ohio
St.3d 521, 526, 584 N.E.2d 715 (1992). Accordingly, we review a trial court’s ruling on
a post-sentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea for abuse of discretion. State v. Rozell,
2018-Ohio-1722, 111 N.E.3d 861, ¶ 25 (2d Dist.), citing Smith at paragraph two of the -8-
syllabus. “A trial court abuses its discretion when it makes a decision that is
unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Darmond, 135
Ohio St.3d 343, 2013-Ohio-966, 986 N.E.2d 971, ¶ 34. However, “[a]n abuse of
discretion most often involves an unreasonable decision that is not supported by a sound
reasoning process.” State v. Pate, 2021-Ohio-1838, 173 N.E.3d 567, ¶ 36 (2d Dist.),
citing AAAA Ents., Inc. v. River Place Community Urban Redevelopment Corp., 50 Ohio
St.3d 157, 161, 553 N.E.2d 597 (1990).
{¶ 20} In this case, Woodfork claims the trial court abused its discretion by failing
to grant his post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea on grounds that he was under
the influence of marijuana and Adderall at the time of his plea hearing. According to
Woodfork, this alleged drug use prevented him from knowingly, intelligently, and
voluntarily entering his guilty plea.
{¶ 21} When considering the merits of Woodfork’s drug-use claim, the trial court
was permitted to weigh the claim against the statements Woodfork made when he
entered his guilty plea. State v. Summers, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2006-CA-66, 2007-Ohio-
3168, ¶ 20. It is well established that “[a] trial court may determine that a defendant
understands his plea ‘by considering the surrounding circumstances such as the dialogue
between the court and the defendant and the defendant’s demeanor.’ ” State v.
McClendon, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103202, 2016-Ohio-2630, ¶ 18, quoting State v.
McDowell, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70799, 1997 WL 15254, *2 (Jan. 16, 1997). (Other
citations omitted.)
{¶ 22} “Where the record ‘directly refutes [an appellant’s] claim that he was so -9-
heavily drugged that he was unable to enter a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary plea,’
we have overruled the appellant's assignment of error based on that allegation.” State
v. Ashley, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28377, 2019-Ohio-5007, ¶ 15, citing State v. Hess,
2d Dist. Montgomery No. 24453, 2012-Ohio-961, ¶ 8-14. For example, in Summers, we
affirmed the trial court’s judgment overruling a defendant’s motion to withdraw a guilty
plea where the defendant’s statements during the plea hearing “belie[d] his subsequent
claim that his ability to understand the proceedings and enter a knowing, voluntary plea
was affected by drugs he was taking[.]” Summers at ¶ 20. See also Ashley ¶ 17 (“[o]ur
review of the plea hearing transcript reveal[ed] nothing that arguably could be indicative
that [defendant] was experiencing cognitive difficulties”).
{¶ 23} Here, the record of the plea hearing establishes that Woodfork responded
appropriately to all of the trial court’s questions and confirmed that he understood all of
the information provided by the trial court at the plea hearing. When the trial court asked
Woodfork whether he was “under the influence of any alcohol, drugs, or medication that
could affect [his] ability to understand what [they were] doing [at the plea hearing],”
Woodfork answered: “No, sir.” Plea Hearing Tr. (Aug. 30, 2023), p. 10. When the trial
court asked Woodfork whether he understood everything that had happened at the plea
hearing, Woodfork answered: “[Y]es, sir.” Id. at 14. Also, while ruling on Woodfork’s
post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea, the trial court confirmed that, during the
plea hearing, it had found that Woodfork was not influenced by any drugs, alcohol, or
medications that day.
{¶ 24} When considering Woodfork’s appropriate responses at the plea hearing -10-
and the fact that the trial court personally observed Woodfork’s demeanor at the hearing
and found no reason to believe that he was under the influence of drugs, we find that it
was reasonable and not an abuse of discretion for the trial court to reject Woodfork’s claim
that his alleged marijuana and Adderall use had prevented him from entering a knowing,
intelligent, and voluntary guilty plea. Such a claim was refuted by the record, and the
trial court was not required to give it any credit. See Summers, 2d Dist. Greene No.
2006-CA-66, 2007-Ohio-3168, at ¶ 20.
{¶ 25} Woodfork also contends the trial court abused its discretion by failing to
grant his post-sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea on ineffective assistance
grounds. Woodfork claims his trial counsel provided ineffective assistance at the plea
hearing because counsel allegedly told him that his guilty plea would not result in his
being sentenced to jail or an inpatient drug treatment facility. Woodfork claims this
misinformation prevented him from entering a knowing, intelligent, and voluntary guilty
plea.
{¶ 26} In evaluating whether an ineffective assistance claim constitutes a manifest
injustice that warrants withdrawing a plea, a defendant must satisfy the two-pronged test
in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984),
which was adopted by the Supreme Court of Ohio in State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136,
538 N.E.2d 373 (1989). Under that test, the defendant must establish: (1) his trial
counsel’s performance was deficient; and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced him.
Strickland at paragraph two of the syllabus; Bradley at paragraph two of the syllabus.
{¶ 27} To establish deficient performance, a defendant must show that his trial -11-
counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of reasonable representation.
Strickland at 688; Bradley at 142. To establish prejudice, a defendant must show that
there is “a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s errors, the proceeding’s result
would have been different.” State v. Hale, 119 Ohio St.3d 118, 2008-Ohio-3426, 892
N.E.2d 864, ¶ 204, citing Strickland at 687-688 and Bradley at paragraph two of the
syllabus. The failure to make a showing of either deficient performance or prejudice
defeats a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Strickland at 697.
{¶ 28} It is appropriate for a trial court to overrule a defendant’s motion to withdraw
a guilty plea alleging ineffective assistance of counsel when the ineffective assistance
claim is only supported by the defendant’s own self-serving affidavit or statement.
Banks, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 25188, 2013-Ohio-2116, at ¶ 10, citing State v. Laster,
2d Dist. Montgomery No. 19387, 2003-Ohio-1564, ¶ 8 (“where nothing in the record
supports a defendant’s claim that his plea was not knowingly and voluntarily made other
than his own self-serving affidavit or statement, the record is insufficient to overcome the
presumption that the plea was voluntary”).
{¶ 29} In this case, other than Woodfork’s own self-serving statements, there is
nothing in the record supporting Woodfork’s claim that his trial counsel provided
misinformation about his potential sentence. Because Woodfork’s ineffective assistance
claim relies on self-serving statements that are unsupported by the record, the trial court
did not abuse its discretion by rejecting the claim.
{¶ 30} Even if there had been something in the record supporting Woodfork’s
ineffective assistance claim, Woodfork cannot establish any resulting prejudice. This is -12-
because the record establishes that the trial court discussed the potential sentence with
Woodfork at the plea hearing and specifically advised Woodfork that he could receive
community control sanctions “for a period of up to five years, which may include some
community residential sanctions, including up to six months of incarceration or a facility
or other non-residential sanctions.” (Emphasis added.) Plea Hearing Tr. (Aug. 30,
2023), p. 11. The trial court’s comments at the plea hearing, comments which Woodfork
indicated he understood, correctly apprised Woodfork of the possibility that he would be
subject to a residential sanction and thus negated any alleged misinformation provided
by his trial counsel on that matter. Therefore, Woodfork cannot establish any prejudice
resulting from the alleged misinformation provided by his trial counsel. Accordingly, his
ineffective assistance claim fails for that reason as well.
{¶ 31} For all the foregoing reasons, we find that Woodfork failed to establish a
manifest injustice warranting the withdrawal of his guilty plea as required by Crim.R. 32.1.
Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by overruling Woodfork’s post-
sentence motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
{¶ 32} Under this assignment of error, Woodfork raises an additional ineffective
assistance claim that has no bearing on whether a manifest injustice occurred during his
guilty plea. Specifically, Woodfork argues that the trial counsel who filed the plea
withdrawal motion on his behalf was ineffective for failing to call his prior counsel as a
witness to testify regarding the alleged misinformation provided during his plea
negotiations. This argument should have been raised in a separate assignment of error.
Regardless, it lacks merit for at least two reasons. -13-
{¶ 33} First, Woodfork cannot establish deficient performance on the part of his
counsel because no formal evidentiary hearing at which prior counsel could have been
called to testify ever took place. After the trial court considered the parties’ arguments
on Woodfork’s motion to withdraw his guilty plea, the trial court found that Woodfork was
not entitled to an evidentiary hearing and instead allowed Woodfork to make statement in
support of his motion. See Hearing Tr. (Nov. 8, 2023), p. 7. See also State v. Johnson,
2d Dist. Champaign No. 2018-CA-27, 2019-Ohio-1259, ¶ 15 ( “a court is not required to
hold an evidentiary hearing on a Crim.R. 32.1 motion so that evidence outside the record
can be presented when the motion and record do not present a reasonable likelihood of
a manifest injustice”).
{¶ 34} Even if there had been an evidentiary hearing at which Woodfork’s prior
counsel could have been called to testify, the decision whether to present that testimony
was a matter of trial strategy that could not form the basis of an ineffective assistance
claim. It is well established that “[d]ebatable strategic and tactical decisions may not
form the basis of a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel, even if, in hindsight, it looks
as if a better strategy had been available.” State v. Conley, 2015-Ohio-2553, 43 N.E.3d
775, ¶ 56 (2d Dist.), citing State v. Cook, 65 Ohio St.3d 516, 524-525, 605 N.E.2d 70
(1992). “[C]ounsel’s decision whether to call a witness falls within the rubric of trial
strategy and will not be second-guessed by a reviewing court.” (Citation omitted.) State
v. Treesh, 90 Ohio St.3d 460, 490, 739 N.E.2d 749 (2001). More specifically, “[a] failure
to call a witness is not ineffective assistance of counsel if calling that witness opens the
door to unfavorable testimony that counsel might reasonably conclude would likely -14-
outweigh the value of any favorable testimony the witness might offer.” State v.
Reynolds, 148 Ohio App.3d 578, 2002-Ohio-3811, 774 N.E.2d 347, ¶ 74 (2d Dist.), citing
State v. Griffitts, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 18755, 2002 WL 252786, *7 (Feb. 22, 2002).
Accord State v. Matthews, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 03AP-140, 2003-Ohio-6307, ¶ 31.
{¶ 35} In this case, it is possible that Woodfork’s trial counsel would have chosen
not to have prior counsel testify out of concern that prior counsel would say he properly
informed Woodfork about his potential sentence at the plea hearing. Accordingly,
Woodfork’s additional ineffective assistance claim lacks merit.
{¶ 36} Because Woodfork’s additional ineffective assistance claim lacks merit, and
because the trial court did not abuse its discretion by overruling Woodfork’s post-sentence
motion to withdraw guilty plea, Woodfork’s first assignment of error is overruled.
Second Assignment of Error
{¶ 37} Under his second assignment of error, Woodfork contends the trial court
abused its discretion by failing to rule on his pro se motion to modify his community control
sanctions. There is no dispute that the trial court did not rule on the pro se motion in
question. However, the record establishes that Woodfork was represented by counsel
when he filed the motion.
{¶ 38} “In Ohio, a criminal defendant has the right to representation by counsel or
to proceed pro se with the assistance of standby counsel. However, these two rights are
independent of each other and may not be asserted simultaneously.” State v. Martin,
103 Ohio St.3d 385, 2004-Ohio-5471, 816 N.E.2d 227, paragraph one of the syllabus. -15-
“Because a defendant represented by counsel has no right to simultaneously assert the
right to proceed pro se, a trial court may not entertain a represented defendant’s pro se
motions.” (Citations omitted.) In re Disqualification of Allen, 172 Ohio St.3d 1217,
2023-Ohio-3238, 223 N.E.3d 1284, ¶ 31. Therefore, “[w]hen a criminal defendant is
represented by counsel and counsel does not join in the defendant’s pro se motion or
otherwise indicate a need for the relief sought by the defendant pro se, the trial court
cannot properly consider the defendant’s pro se motion.” State v. Smith, 2017-Ohio-
8558, 99 N.E.3d 1230, ¶ 32 (1st Dist.), citing State v. Davis, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 05AP-
193, 2006-Ohio-5039, ¶ 12. and State v. Pizzaro, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94849, 2011-
Ohio-611, ¶ 7.
{¶ 39} As previously discussed, Woodfork was represented by counsel when he
filed his pro se motion to modify his community control sanctions. Because Woodfork’s
counsel did not join in the motion, the trial court did not err by disregarding it.
{¶ 40} Woodfork’s second assignment of error is overruled.
Third Assignment of Error
{¶ 41} Under his third assignment of error, Woodfork contends the trial court erred
by finding him guilty of violating his community control sanctions, revoking his community
control sanctions, and imposing a 30-month prison term. We disagree.
Revocation of Community Control Sanctions
{¶ 42} “The right to continue on community control depends upon compliance with -16-
the conditions of community control and is a matter within the sound discretion of the trial
court.” (Citation omitted.) State v. Eastman, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-CA-5, 2021-Ohio-
392, ¶ 13. “Accordingly, we review the trial court’s revocation of community control for
an abuse of discretion.” (Citation omitted.) Id. As previously discussed, “[a]n abuse of
discretion most often involves an unreasonable decision that is not supported by a sound
reasoning process.” Pate, 2021-Ohio-1838, 173 N.E.3d 567, at ¶ 36, citing AAAA Ents.,
Inc., 50 Ohio St.3d at 161, 553 N.E.2d 597.
{¶ 43} “Because a community control violation hearing is not a criminal trial, the
State need not prove a violation beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Reed, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 29523, 2023-Ohio-1161, ¶ 11, citing State v. Cofer, 2d Dist. Montgomery
No. 22798, 2009-Ohio-890, ¶ 12. (Other citation omitted.) “ ‘The State need only
present substantial evidence of a violation of the terms of a defendant’s community
control.’ ” Id., quoting Cofer at ¶ 12. “Substantial evidence is considered to consist of
more than a mere scintilla of evidence, but somewhat less than a preponderance.”
(Citations omitted.) State v. Ohly, 166 Ohio App.3d 808, 2006-Ohio-2353, 853 N.E.2d
675, ¶ 18 (6th Dist.). Accord State v. Fountain, 2023-Ohio-3111, 224 N.E.3d 97, ¶ 15
(3d Dist.); State v. Backus, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 2022 CA 0041, 2023-Ohio-3222, ¶ 33.
“Similar to a bench trial, when reaching its decision following an evidentiary hearing, the
trial court, as the finder of fact, [is] free to believe all, part, or none of the testimony of
each witness and to draw reasonable inferences from the evidence presented.” State v.
McGail, 2021-Ohio-231, 167 N.E.3d 70, ¶ 92 (2d Dist.), citing State v. Baker, 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 25828, 2014-Ohio-3163, ¶ 28. -17-
{¶ 44} In this case, Woodfork claims the trial court abused its discretion by finding
that he had violated Sanction #4 of his community control sanctions, i.e., the sanction that
required him to complete inpatient drug treatment at STAR. Woodfork claims that there
was no such violation because STAR did not have a bed available for him and was not
ready to admit him into the program until after his probation officer had filed the notice of
violation/revocation hearing. Woodfork also claims that the notice incorrectly alleged
that he had violated Rule #6 of the General Conditions of Supervision, which prohibited
him from using or possessing any controlled substances, drugs of abuse, or drug
substitutes. Specifically, Woodfork claims that his first drug screen came back positive
because of drugs he had ingested prior to being sentenced.
{¶ 45} Based on the testimony presented at the revocation hearing, we find that
the trial court could have reasonably determined that Woodfork had violated his
community control by failing to attend and complete inpatient drug treatment at STAR. It
is clear from the record that Woodfork had no desire to participate in STAR. The record
established that on October 10, 2023, Woodfork specifically told his probation officer that
he would rather move forward with revocation proceedings than go to STAR. In light of
that statement, Woodfork’s probation officer told Woodfork that she was going to file a
notice of violation/revocation hearing, which was filed on October 16, 2023. Shortly
thereafter, a bed at STAR became available for Woodfork and STAR attempted to admit
him into the program, but Woodfork refused admission.
{¶ 46} Although the notice of violation/revocation hearing was filed before
Woodfork could be admitted into to STAR, we find it significant that Woodfork told his -18-
probation officer that he was not going to participate in STAR and thereafter refused
admission into the program when a bed became available. In our view, that conduct
constituted substantial evidence of Woodfork failing to fulfill the STAR requirement of his
community control sanctions. This finding was also supported by the fact that Woodfork
declined the State’s pre-hearing offer to forego the revocation proceedings if he agreed
to enter STAR. Because there was substantial evidence of Woodfork’s violating the
STAR requirement of his community control sanctions, it is immaterial whether
Woodfork’s positive drug screen also constituted a violation.
{¶ 47} For the foregoing reasons, the trial court did not abuse its discretion by
finding that Woodfork had violated the terms of his community control sanctions and by
revoking his community control on that basis.
Prison Sentence
{¶ 48} Woodfork also challenges the prison sentence he received for violating his
community control sanctions. We note that “[w]hen a defendant violates the conditions
of his community control, ‘R.C. 2929.15(B) provides the trial court [with] a great deal of
latitude in sentencing the offender.’ ” State v. Hampton, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 29612,
2023-Ohio-1591, ¶ 17, quoting State v. Brooks, 103 Ohio St.3d 134, 2004-Ohio-4746,
814 N.E.2d 837, ¶ 20. “A trial court has the option of imposing ‘a longer period of
community control, a more restrictive community-control sanction, or a prison term of any
length within the range of that available for the original offense, up to the maximum that
the trial court specified at the first sentencing hearing.’ ” Id., quoting Brooks at ¶ 20, -19-
citing R.C. 2929.15(B).
{¶ 49} Appellate review of prison sentences imposed for violations of felony
community control sanctions is governed by the standard set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2).
State v. Gibson, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2016-CA-12, 2017-Ohio-691, ¶ 14, citing State
v. Marcum, 146 Ohio St.3d 516, 2016-Ohio-1002, 59 N.E.3d 1231. Pursuant to R.C.
2953.08(G)(2), this court may vacate or modify Woodfork’s sentence only if we
“determine[ ] by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the trial
court’s findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence is otherwise contrary to law.”
Marcum at ¶ 1. In this case, none of the relevant statutes mentioned in R.C.
2953.08(G)(2) apply to this case; accordingly, we must simply determine whether
Woodfork’s sentence is otherwise contrary to law.
{¶ 50} “ ‘[O]therwise contrary to law’ means “in violation of statute or legal
regulations at a given time.” ’ ” State v. Bryant, 168 Ohio St.3d 250, 2022-Ohio-1878,
198 N.E.3d 68, ¶ 22, quoting State v. Jones, 163 Ohio St.3d 242, 2020-Ohio-6729, 169
N.E.3d 649, ¶ 34, quoting Black's Law Dictionary 328 (6th Ed.1990). This court has also
defined “contrary to law” as “ ‘a sentencing decision [that] manifestly ignores an issue or
factor which a statute requires a court to consider.’ ” State v. Morgan, 2d Dist. Miami No.
2023-CA-10, 2023-Ohio-3913, ¶ 7, quoting State v. Lofton, 2d Dist. Montgomery No.
19852, 2004-Ohio-169, ¶ 11. “For example, ‘[a] sentence is contrary to law when it does
not fall within the statutory range for the offense or if the trial court fails to consider the
purposes and principles of felony sentencing set forth in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing
factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12.’ ” Id., quoting State v. Brown, 2017-Ohio-8416, 99 -20-
N.E.3d 1135, ¶ 74 (2d Dist.). (Other citation omitted.) “For all revocations, the prison
term must be within the range of prison terms available for the offense for which
community control had been imposed and the term may not exceed the prison term
specified in the notice provided to the offender at the original sentencing hearing.” State
v. Monroe, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2018-CA-124, 2020-Ohio-597, ¶ 41, citing R.C.
2929.15(B)(3).
{¶ 51} In this case, Woodfork’s 30-month prison sentence is within the statutory
range of prison terms available for the third-degree-felony aggravated possession offense
for which his community control was imposed. See R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b). Also,
Woodfork’s 30-month prison sentence does not exceed the prison term specified in the
notice given by the trial court at the original sentencing hearing. At the original
sentencing hearing, the trial court notified Woodfork that if he “violate[s] any terms or
conditions of [his] community control sanctions, * * * the Court can impose * * * a prison
term of 36 months as an alternate sentence.” Sentencing Tr. (Sept. 27, 2023), p. 18.
{¶ 52} In addition, the record establishes that, when imposing the 30-month prison
sentence, the trial court considered the principles and purposes of felony sentencing in
R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12. See Sentencing Tr. (Nov. 8,
2023), p. 32; Sentencing Entry (Nov. 9, 2023). We note that “[n]othing in R.C.
2953.08(G)(2) permits an appellate court to independently weigh the evidence in the
record and substitute its judgment for that of the trial court concerning the sentence that
best reflects compliance with R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12.” Jones, 163 Ohio St.3d 242,
2020-Ohio-6729, 169 N.E.3d 649, at ¶ 42. “[W]hen reviewing felony sentences that are -21-
imposed solely after considering the factors in R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12, this court does
not analyze whether those sentences are unsupported by the record, but only whether
they are contrary to law.” State v. McCoy, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2023-CA-11, 2024-
Ohio-98, ¶ 27, citing State v. Dorsey, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28747, 2021-Ohio-76,
¶ 18.
{¶ 53} Here, Woodfork’s sentence is not contrary to law because it is within the
authorized statutory range, does not exceed the notice given at the original sentencing
hearing, and because the trial court considered the principles and purposes of felony
sentencing in R.C. 2929.11 and the sentencing factors in R.C. 2929.12.
{¶ 54} Woodfork nevertheless argues that a prison sentence was unwarranted in
this case because his community control violation, i.e. his failure to complete inpatient
drug treatment at STAR, was a “technical violation.” This argument lacks merit because
the distinction between a technical and nontechnical community control violation
becomes relevant only when a trial court is sentencing an offender to prison for a violation
of community control that was imposed for a fifth-degree felony or a fourth-degree felony
that is not an offense of violence or a sexually oriented offense. See R.C.
2929.15(B)(1)(c)(i)-(ii) (stating that certain sentencing caps apply to technical violations
of community control sanctions imposed for fifth-degree felonies and fourth-degree
felonies that are not offenses of violence or sexually oriented offenses). See also R.C.
2929.15(E) (defining “technical violation” as “a violation of the conditions of a community
control sanction imposed for a felony of the fifth degree, or for a felony of the fourth degree
that is not an offense of violence and is not a sexually oriented offense”). -22-
{¶ 55} In this case, the trial court sentenced Woodfork for a violation of community
control that was imposed for a third-degree felony; therefore, the technical/nontechnical
distinction is immaterial to Woodfork’s sentence. Also, multiple courts, including the
Supreme Court of Ohio, have found that an offender’s failure to complete an inpatient
drug treatment program does not constitute a technical violation of the offender’s
community control. See, e.g., State v. Castner, 163 Ohio St.3d 19, 2020-Ohio-4950, 167
N.E.3d 939, ¶ 16; State v. Hogya, 2024-Ohio-639, __ N.E.3d __, ¶ 14-17 (11th Dist.);
State v. Elliot, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-220339, 2023-Ohio-1459, ¶ 15-16; State v.
Mannah, 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 17-CA-54, 2018-Ohio-4219, ¶ 15.
{¶ 56} Because the trial court did not abuse its discretion by finding that Woodfork
violated his community control sanctions, and because the 30-month prison sentence
imposed for the violation is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law, Woodfork’s third
assignment of error is overruled.
Conclusion
{¶ 57} Having overruled all three assignments of error raised by Woodfork, the
judgments of the trial court are affirmed.
LEWIS, J. and HUFFMAN, J., concur.