[Cite as State v. Ware, 2014-Ohio-815.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99374
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ABRAM D. WARE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: APPLICATION DENIED
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-561300 Application for Reopening Motion No. 469403
RELEASE DATE: March 4, 2014 FOR APPELLANT
Abram D. Ware Inmate No. 633-801 Mansfield Correctional Institution P.O. Box 788 Mansfield, Ohio 44901
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor By: Mary McGrath Assistant County Prosecutor 8th Floor Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J.:
{¶1} Abram D. Ware has filed a timely application for reopening pursuant to
App.R. 26(B). Ware is attempting to reopen the appellate judgment rendered in State v.
Ware, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99374, 2013-Ohio-4492, that affirmed his conviction for
the offenses of drug trafficking and possessing criminal tools, but vacated the forfeiture
findings and remanded for a hearing on the issue of forfeiture. For the following
reasons, we decline to grant the application for reopening.
{¶2} In order to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel,
Ware must demonstrate that appellate counsel’s performance was deficient and that, but
for the deficient performance, the result of his appeal would have been different. State v.
Reed, 74 Ohio St.3d 534, 660 N.E.2d 456 (1996). Specifically, Ware must establish that
“there is a genuine issue as to whether he was deprived of the effective assistance of
counsel on appeal.” App.R. 26(B)(5).
{¶3} In State v. Smith, 95 Ohio St.3d 127, 2002-Ohio-1753, 766 N.E.2d 588, the
Supreme Court of Ohio held:
Moreover, to justify reopening his appeal, [applicant] “bears the burden of establishing that there was a ‘genuine issue’ as to whether he has a ‘colorable claim’ of ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal.” State v. Spivey, 84 Ohio St.3d 25, 1998-Ohio-704, 701 N.E.2d 696.
Strickland charges us to “appl[y] a heavy measure of deference to counsel’s judgments,” 466 U.S. at 691, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674, and to “indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance,” Id. at 689, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. Moreover, we must bear in mind that appellate counsel need not raise every possible issue in order to render constitutionally effective assistance. See Jones v. Barnes, 463 U.S. 745, 103 S.Ct. 3308, 77 L.Ed.2d 987 (1983); State v. Sander, 94 Ohio St.3d 150, 761 N.E.2d 18 (2002).
Smith at ¶ 7.
{¶4} In addition, the Supreme Court of Ohio, in State v. Spivey, 84
Ohio St.3d 24, 1998-Ohio-704, 701 N.E.2d 696, held:
In State v. Reed (1996), 74 Ohio St.3d 534, 535, 660 N.E.2d 456, 458, we held that the two prong analysis found in Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed 674, is the appropriate standard to assess a defense request for reopening under App.R. 26(B)(5). [Applicant] must prove that his counsel were deficient for failing to raise the issues he now presents, as well as showing that had he presented those claims on appeal, there was a “reasonable probability” that he would have been successful. Thus [applicant] bears the burden of establishing that there was a “genuine issue” as to whether he has a “colorable claim” of ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal.
Id.
{¶5} It is well settled that appellate counsel is not required to raise and argue
assignments of error that are meritless. Jones v. Barnes, 463 U.S. 745, 103 S.Ct. 3308,
77 L.Ed.2d 987 (1983). Appellate counsel cannot be considered ineffective for failing to
raise every conceivable assignment of error on appeal. Jones v. Barnes, supra; State v.
Gumm, 73 Ohio St.3d 413, 1995-Ohio-24, 653 N.E.2d 253; State v. Campbell, 69 Ohio
St.3d 38, 1994-Ohio-492, 630 N.E.2d 339.
{¶6} In Strickland, the United States Supreme Court also stated that a court’s
scrutiny of an attorney’s work must be deferential. The court further stated that it is too
tempting for an appellant to second-guess his attorney after conviction and appeal and that it would be all too easy for a court to conclude that a specific act or omission was
deficient, especially when examining the matter in hindsight. Accordingly, this court
must indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of
reasonable professional assistance, and the defendant must overcome the presumption
that the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy. Id. at 689.
{¶7} Finally, the United States Supreme Court has upheld the appellate attorney’s
discretion to decide which issues he or she believes are the most fruitful arguments and
the importance of winnowing out weaker arguments on appeal and focusing on one
central issue or at most a few key issues. Jones v. Barnes, supra.
{¶8} In the case sub judice, Ware raises two proposed assignments of error in
support of his App.R. 26(B) application for reopening. Ware’s first proposed assignment
of error is that
[a]ppellate counsel failed to raise in the assignments of error that the trial court erred in ordering a hearing for the appellant to waive trial counsel and represent himself pro se. {¶9} Ware, through his first proposed assignment of error, argues that appellate
counsel failed to argue on appeal the issue of self-representation during the course of
trial. The Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution guarantee
that a defendant in a criminal action must be afforded the right to assistance of counsel.
Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963); Powell v.
Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158 (1932). A defendant may waive
representation of counsel and represent their own interests during a criminal trial. Reed,
74 Ohio St.3d 534, 535, 660 N.E.2d 456 (1996), citing Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975). A defendant’s right to self-representation,
however, is not absolute. Martinez v. Court of Appeal of California, 528 U.S. 152, 120
S.Ct. 684, 145 L.Ed.2d 597 (2000). The dangers involved in waiving the right to
representation by counsel are significant, and because the right to self-representation can
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[Cite as State v. Ware, 2014-Ohio-815.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99374
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
ABRAM D. WARE DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: APPLICATION DENIED
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-561300 Application for Reopening Motion No. 469403
RELEASE DATE: March 4, 2014 FOR APPELLANT
Abram D. Ware Inmate No. 633-801 Mansfield Correctional Institution P.O. Box 788 Mansfield, Ohio 44901
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor By: Mary McGrath Assistant County Prosecutor 8th Floor Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113 FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., P.J.:
{¶1} Abram D. Ware has filed a timely application for reopening pursuant to
App.R. 26(B). Ware is attempting to reopen the appellate judgment rendered in State v.
Ware, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 99374, 2013-Ohio-4492, that affirmed his conviction for
the offenses of drug trafficking and possessing criminal tools, but vacated the forfeiture
findings and remanded for a hearing on the issue of forfeiture. For the following
reasons, we decline to grant the application for reopening.
{¶2} In order to establish a claim of ineffective assistance of appellate counsel,
Ware must demonstrate that appellate counsel’s performance was deficient and that, but
for the deficient performance, the result of his appeal would have been different. State v.
Reed, 74 Ohio St.3d 534, 660 N.E.2d 456 (1996). Specifically, Ware must establish that
“there is a genuine issue as to whether he was deprived of the effective assistance of
counsel on appeal.” App.R. 26(B)(5).
{¶3} In State v. Smith, 95 Ohio St.3d 127, 2002-Ohio-1753, 766 N.E.2d 588, the
Supreme Court of Ohio held:
Moreover, to justify reopening his appeal, [applicant] “bears the burden of establishing that there was a ‘genuine issue’ as to whether he has a ‘colorable claim’ of ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal.” State v. Spivey, 84 Ohio St.3d 25, 1998-Ohio-704, 701 N.E.2d 696.
Strickland charges us to “appl[y] a heavy measure of deference to counsel’s judgments,” 466 U.S. at 691, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674, and to “indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance,” Id. at 689, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674. Moreover, we must bear in mind that appellate counsel need not raise every possible issue in order to render constitutionally effective assistance. See Jones v. Barnes, 463 U.S. 745, 103 S.Ct. 3308, 77 L.Ed.2d 987 (1983); State v. Sander, 94 Ohio St.3d 150, 761 N.E.2d 18 (2002).
Smith at ¶ 7.
{¶4} In addition, the Supreme Court of Ohio, in State v. Spivey, 84
Ohio St.3d 24, 1998-Ohio-704, 701 N.E.2d 696, held:
In State v. Reed (1996), 74 Ohio St.3d 534, 535, 660 N.E.2d 456, 458, we held that the two prong analysis found in Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed 674, is the appropriate standard to assess a defense request for reopening under App.R. 26(B)(5). [Applicant] must prove that his counsel were deficient for failing to raise the issues he now presents, as well as showing that had he presented those claims on appeal, there was a “reasonable probability” that he would have been successful. Thus [applicant] bears the burden of establishing that there was a “genuine issue” as to whether he has a “colorable claim” of ineffective assistance of counsel on appeal.
Id.
{¶5} It is well settled that appellate counsel is not required to raise and argue
assignments of error that are meritless. Jones v. Barnes, 463 U.S. 745, 103 S.Ct. 3308,
77 L.Ed.2d 987 (1983). Appellate counsel cannot be considered ineffective for failing to
raise every conceivable assignment of error on appeal. Jones v. Barnes, supra; State v.
Gumm, 73 Ohio St.3d 413, 1995-Ohio-24, 653 N.E.2d 253; State v. Campbell, 69 Ohio
St.3d 38, 1994-Ohio-492, 630 N.E.2d 339.
{¶6} In Strickland, the United States Supreme Court also stated that a court’s
scrutiny of an attorney’s work must be deferential. The court further stated that it is too
tempting for an appellant to second-guess his attorney after conviction and appeal and that it would be all too easy for a court to conclude that a specific act or omission was
deficient, especially when examining the matter in hindsight. Accordingly, this court
must indulge a strong presumption that counsel’s conduct falls within the wide range of
reasonable professional assistance, and the defendant must overcome the presumption
that the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy. Id. at 689.
{¶7} Finally, the United States Supreme Court has upheld the appellate attorney’s
discretion to decide which issues he or she believes are the most fruitful arguments and
the importance of winnowing out weaker arguments on appeal and focusing on one
central issue or at most a few key issues. Jones v. Barnes, supra.
{¶8} In the case sub judice, Ware raises two proposed assignments of error in
support of his App.R. 26(B) application for reopening. Ware’s first proposed assignment
of error is that
[a]ppellate counsel failed to raise in the assignments of error that the trial court erred in ordering a hearing for the appellant to waive trial counsel and represent himself pro se. {¶9} Ware, through his first proposed assignment of error, argues that appellate
counsel failed to argue on appeal the issue of self-representation during the course of
trial. The Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution guarantee
that a defendant in a criminal action must be afforded the right to assistance of counsel.
Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792, 9 L.Ed.2d 799 (1963); Powell v.
Alabama, 287 U.S. 45, 53 S.Ct. 55, 77 L.Ed. 158 (1932). A defendant may waive
representation of counsel and represent their own interests during a criminal trial. Reed,
74 Ohio St.3d 534, 535, 660 N.E.2d 456 (1996), citing Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975). A defendant’s right to self-representation,
however, is not absolute. Martinez v. Court of Appeal of California, 528 U.S. 152, 120
S.Ct. 684, 145 L.Ed.2d 597 (2000). The dangers involved in waiving the right to
representation by counsel are significant, and because the right to self-representation can
be employed as a tactic to delay trial and to disrupt otherwise orderly legal proceedings,
the request for self-representation must be clearly and unequivocally asserted in a timely
manner or it will be waived. State v. Cassano, 96 Ohio St.3d 94, 2002-Ohio-3751, 772
N.E.2d 81.
{¶10} In the case sub judice, a review of the record discloses that no motion for
self-representation was filed by Ware. A plea hearing was held on August 16, 2012.
Ware, however, rejected the negotiated plea and requested that he be allowed to represent
himself during any trial. The matter was continued and a new hearing was held on
October 17, 2012, at which time Ware waived his right to a jury trial and requested a
bench trial. No request for self-representation was made during the jury waiver hearing
of October 17, 2012. On October 19, 2012, Ware withdrew his request for a bench trial
and once again requested a jury trial, which was granted by the trial court. No request
was made for waiver of representation by counsel and self-representation. Finally, on
November 6, 2012, a jury trial was commenced. Once again, no request for
self-representation was made by Ware.
{¶11} Our review of the record demonstrates that Ware did not clearly and
unequivocally assert his request for self-representation. With the exception of any initial inquiry into self-representation at the hearing of August 16, 2012, no further request for
self-representation can be found within the record before this court. Thus, we can only
conclude that Ware waived his right to self-representation. Ware’s initial proposed
assignment of error is not well taken and fails to establish ineffective assistance of
appellate counsel.
{¶12} Ware’s second proposed assignment of error is:
Ineffective assistance of trial counsel for failure to move the courts for a suppression hearing to challenge the veracity of the search warrant, affidavit in support, and the police report.
{¶13} Ware, through his second proposed assignment of error, argues that trial
counsel erred by failing to request a suppression hearing. Specifically, Ware argues that
trial counsel was ineffective by failing to request a suppression hearing with regard to the
affidavit employed to secure a search warrant. In addition, Ware argues that trial counsel
should have challenged the police report as completed with regard to the arrest of Ware
and several other individuals.
{¶14} Initially, we find that there exists a lack of record support. The affidavit
and search warrant were not part of the appellate record. Because they are outside of the
record, we could not consider the affidavit and search warrant on direct appeal. State v.
Ishmail, 54 Ohio St.2d 402, 377 N.E.2d 500 (1978); State v. Martin, 151 Ohio App.3d
605, 2003-Ohio-735, 784 N.E.2d 1237 (3d Dist.). In addition, Ware’s allegation that the
police detective lied in the police report is unsupported by any demonstrative evidence.
Thus, Ware has failed to establish how he was prejudiced. State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989). Ware’s second proposed assignment of error is
without merit and fails to establish ineffective assistance of appellate counsel.
{¶15} Accordingly, the App.R. 26(B) application for reopening is denied.
FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., PRESIDING JUDGE
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., and PATRICIA A. BLACKMON, J., CONCUR