State v. Trogden

519 S.E.2d 64, 135 N.C. App. 85, 1999 N.C. App. LEXIS 917
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedSeptember 21, 1999
DocketCOA98-1122
StatusPublished

This text of 519 S.E.2d 64 (State v. Trogden) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Trogden, 519 S.E.2d 64, 135 N.C. App. 85, 1999 N.C. App. LEXIS 917 (N.C. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

LEWIS, Judge.

Following indictment by a grand jury on twenty-seven counts, defendant was convicted on eight counts of taking indecent liberties with a child, four counts of first degree statutory sex offense, and two counts of sexual activity by a custodian in Wayne County Superior Court. We find ample evidence to support the findings of guilt by the jury on all charges. Defendant appeals, making three arguments.

At the outset we note that defendant attempted to file a supplemental brief more than nine months after the printed record on appeal was mailed, significantly in excess of the thirty days allowed by Rule 13(a) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure for filing an appellant’s brief. Defendant did not timely seek an extension of time to file his brief and because this Court and the appellant are bound by the Rules of Appellate Procedure, Steingress v. Steingress, 350 N.C. 64, 65, 511 S.E.2d 298, 299 (1999), the supplemental brief will not be considered.

Defendant’s first argument on appeal is that the trial court’s exclusion of evidence concerning alleged prior sexual behavior of the victim was reversible error. Defendant sought to introduce evidence by “T”, a nine-year-old child, that six weeks prior to being placed in the Trogden home, T saw “M”, the victim in this case, performing fellatio on T’s younger brother and forcing the child to reciprocate the act. The trial court denied defendant’s motion after hearing argument that Rule 412 barred introduction of the evidence in question. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, N.C.R. Evid. 412 (1992).

Rule 412 prohibits introduction of evidence of the complainant’s sexual behavior during prosecution of a rape or sex offense unless such evidence is relevant. Sexual behavior is defined by Rule 412(a) as “sexual activity of the complainant other than the sexual act which is at issue in the indictment on trial.” The excluded testimony illustrates an instance of sexual behavior between M and another child, which was not the sexual act at issue in the indictment on trial.

Relevant evidence is defined in Rule 412(b) as any evidence of sexual behavior which:

*88 (1) Was between the complainant and the defendant; or
(2) Is evidence of specific instances of sexual behavior offered for the purpose of showing that the act or acts charged were not committed by the defendant; or
(3) Is evidence of a pattern of sexual behavior so distinctive and so closely resembling the defendant’s version of the alleged encounter with the complainant as to tend to prove that such complainant consented to the act or acts charged or behaved in such a manner as to lead the defendant reasonably to believe that the complainant consented; or
(4) Is evidence of sexual behavior offered as the basis of expert psychological or psychiatric opinion that the complainant fantasized or invented the act or acts charged.

Without a determination by the court that the sexual behavior is relevant under Rule 412(b), no such evidence may be introduced in any trial of a charge of rape or a sex offense. Id. § 412(d).

Defendant sought to admit T’s statements referencing M’s past sexual behavior under Rule 412(b)(2) at trial. This'is not the type of evidence offered for the purpose of showing that the acts charged were not committed by defendant under Rule 412(b)(2). State v. Bass, 121 N.C. App. 306, 310, 465 S.E.2d 334, 336 (1996). As the trial court noted, since M testified at trial that defendant showed him how to perform sexual acts, defense counsel was not prohibited from cross-examining M concerning the way in which he learned to do such acts, so long as the cross-examination did not refer to specific acts.

Defendant also argues that beyond the four categories of elevance listed under Rule 412, evidence of M’s prior sexual behavior was relevant to show that M had prior knowledge of sexual matters and therefore had the ability to fabricate testimony regarding abuse by the defendant. This Court addressed a similar argument in Bass.

In Bass, the trial court excluded statements by a child victim indicating that she had been similarly abused by her uncle three years earlier. Id. at 308-09, 465 S.E.2d at 335-36. On appeal, defendant argued that the evidence was relevant to show that the child had requisite knowledge to fabricate testimony about her abuse by defendant. This Court stated in Bass:

*89 Defendant’s contention is contrary to Rule 412 and unsupported by the law of this jurisdiction. To agree with defendant’s contention would be to substantially restrict the effect of Rule 412, and allow admission of a wide variety of previous sexual activities over Rule 412 objection.

Id. at 311, 465 S.E.2d at 337. Accordingly, we conclude that M’s testimony is not relevant and therefore inadmissible.

Even if it was error to exclude this evidence, it was harmless. It is not sufficient for the defendant to merely allege error. He must show that absent the trial court’s allegedly erroneous exclusion of evidence, a different result would have obtained. Lawing v. Lawing, 81 N.C. App. 159, 162, 344 S.E.2d 100, 104 (1986) (citing N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1, N.C.R. Civ. P. 61).

The State’s evidence tended to show that M and seven other children testified as to some experience of sexual abuse by defendant; the testimony of eight adult witnesses corroborated the children’s evidence. Defendant conceded at trial that there was substantial evidence as to every element of each crime charged. Furthermore, the jury heard testimony from defendant and from a social worker that M was sexually molested in earlier years by a babysitter. The evidence of M’s prior sexual behavior was not necessary to establish that M had prior knowledge of sexual matters and hence the ability to fabricate allegations against defendant. We therefore find that a determination by the trial court to admit evidence of M’s past sexual behavior would not have produced a different outcome and there was no reversible error.

Defendant also argues that two aspects of the State’s cross-examination constituted prosecutorial misconduct. The defendant first labels as prejudicial the following dialogue between the prosecutor and defendant’s father:

Q. How did you feel about [M]? Did you love him?
A. Yes, ma’am.
Q. But you’re willing to destroy him in order to save your son, aren’t you? [Objection; overruled]
A. [Witness does not answer]
*90 Q. You can go in and you can tell this jury that you saw him humping a dog, . . . you do not care about [M], you can trash him to save your son? [Objection; overruled]
Q.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Anders v. California
386 U.S. 738 (Supreme Court, 1967)
State v. Bass
465 S.E.2d 334 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1996)
Steingress v. Steingress
511 S.E.2d 298 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1999)
State v. Wynne
406 S.E.2d 812 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1991)
State v. Sanderson
442 S.E.2d 33 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1994)
Lawing v. Lawing
344 S.E.2d 100 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1986)
State v. Bronson
423 S.E.2d 772 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1992)
O'Bryan v. Chandler
388 U.S. 904 (Supreme Court, 1967)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
519 S.E.2d 64, 135 N.C. App. 85, 1999 N.C. App. LEXIS 917, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-trogden-ncctapp-1999.