State v. Tran

69 P.3d 884
CourtCourt of Appeals of Washington
DecidedMay 28, 2003
Docket28473-1-II
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 69 P.3d 884 (State v. Tran) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Washington primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Tran, 69 P.3d 884 (Wash. Ct. App. 2003).

Opinion

69 P.3d 884 (2003)
117 Wash.App. 126

STATE of Washington, Respondent,
v.
Tinh Quoc TRAN, Appellant.

No. 28473-1-II.

Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 2.

May 28, 2003.

*885 Michael Gordon Borge, Vancouver, WA, for Appellant.

Ricky W. Olson, Vancouver, WA, for Respondent.

HUNT, C.J.

Tinh Quoc Tran appeals his conviction for driving without a valid driver's license. Before Tran's criminal trial for this offense, his community supervision and disposition for a prior juvenile adjudication were modified based on several probation violations, including unexcused school absences, curfew violations, failure to spend the night at home, and violating the driver licensing law. Tran argues that under RCW 13.40.070(3), the State could not file both a motion to modify community supervision and an information charging him with a crime based on the same unlicensed driving incident. We agree and reverse.

FACTS

I. ORIGINAL JUVENILE DISPOSITION ORDER

On October 19, 2000, the trial court entered a juvenile disposition order for Tran based on various offenses, including taking a motor vehicle, two assaults, and a theft. The court placed him on community supervision with the following conditions:

1. No violations of any laws.

2. Not be in the company of another person known to be violating any laws.

3. Enrollment in and attendance of an educational/vocational program.

4. Compliance with mandatory school attendance provisions of 28A.225 RCW (with expulsion or suspension deemed to be a violation of community supervision).

5. Live at a residence approved by his probation counselor.

6. Abide by all reasonable written rules of the residence.

7. Not move from the residence without prior permission from the court or his probation counselor.

8. Spend every night at this approved residence unless given permission otherwise by his probation counselor and/or parent. Clerk's Papers (CP) at 5.

II. PROBATION VIOLATION

On January 19, 2002, at around 10:30 P.M., police stopped a vehicle for driving at a *886 "[s]peed too fast for conditions." Report of Proceedings (RP) at 12. Fourteen year-old Tran was the driver. Tran told the officer that he did not have a license. At the time, Tran was still on community supervision for his previous juvenile offenses. Tran's sister, Judy Geeslin, informed his probation officer, Mikki Keller, that the Clark County Sheriff's Office had brought Tran home for driving without a license.

Keller filed an amended motion for an arrest warrant for Tran and for a hearing to modify Tran's disposition order, listing several probation violations,[1] including violation (b), which is at issue here:

On January 24, 2002, July Geeslin, sister of said youth, informed this probation counselor that, on or about January 19, 2002, said youth was brought home by Clark County Sheriff's Office for driving without a license.[[2]]

CP at 5. Additional violations included: a curfew violation (3:30 A.M.) and being out without permission on January 24, when Tran was picked up by the police; unexcused absences from school; failure to return home on January 24; and unavailability for supervision.

As his probation officer later explained, Tran was

completely out of control at [that] point... [H]e absolutely will not follow the rules, does not go to school, when he is at school he is causing problems at school.
He does not come in and meet with me regularly. We're having a very tough time. Parents are kind of at their wits' end.

RP at 20-21.[3] The probation officer also noted that this was Tran's second probation violation for the same problems—being "out of control, not attending school, out all night, a new law violation, constantly misses appointments." RP at 21.

Tran admitted the violations, including violation (b). The court ordered him to serve 30 days in detention, justified by Tran's ongoing out-of-control behavior.

III. INFORMATION

A few days after filing the probation modification, the State also filed an information charging Tran with driving without a license in violation of RCW 46.20.005. Tran moved to dismiss, arguing that RCW 13.40.070(3) permitted the State to file either a probation violation or an information charging a crime for a given infraction, but not both.

The State contended that probation violation (b), alleging that law enforcement had brought Tran home for "driving without a valid operator's license," did not involve the criminal conduct of Tran's driver's license violation; rather, this allegation focused on Tran's violation of his house rules in that he was out at night past curfew, contrary to his community supervision conditions. As the probation officer explained, the underlying theme of Tran's probation violation was his out-of-control behavior, failure to follow any rules, and failure to follow probation conditions in general.

The trial court denied Tran's motion to dismiss. It ruled that probation violation (b) focused on Tran's sister's statement to the probation officer that Tran was "brought home"; and although violation (b) includes "information" about Tran's having driven without a license, it did not contain sufficient elements to support a criminal charge:

*887 There's no allegation that he was operating a motor vehicle on the public highways of the state of Washington, that anyone observed him driving, et cetera that was the particular fact required for the proof of the elements therein.

RP at 9.

Since the elements of No Valid Operator's License were not laid out in the affidavit charging Respondent with a probation violation, the affidavit did not charge Respondent with the act of driving without a license and thus RCW 13.40.070 does not apply.

CP at 20, Conclusion of Law 2.

Tran was subsequently tried for the operator's license violation and found guilty. The court sentenced him to three days in detention and eight hours of community service. Tran appeals.

ANALYSIS

The issue before us is whether RCW 13.40.070(3) prohibits the State from filing both a motion to modify a juvenile's community supervision and a criminal charge based on the same criminal offense. We adopt the rationale of Division One in State v. Murrin, 85 Wash.App. 754, 756, 934 P.2d 728 (1997), and answer yes.

I. STANDARD OF REVIEW

We review issues of statutory construction de novo. Welch v. Southland Corp., 134 Wash.2d 629, 632, 952 P.2d 162 (1998). At the outset, we assume that the Legislature meant what it said in the plain language of the statute. Geschwind v. Flanagan,

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
69 P.3d 884, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-tran-washctapp-2003.