[Cite as State v. Temaj-Felix, 2013-Ohio-4463.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120040 TRIAL NO. B-1102150 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
: RODOLFO TEMAJ-FELIX,
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Sentences Vacated in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: October 9, 2013
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Melynda J. Machol, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Scott A. Rubenstein, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
FISCHER, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Rodolfo Temaj-Felix appeals the judgment of the
trial court convicting him of two counts of failing to stop after an accident under R.C.
4549.02 where Temaj-Felix had admitted to driving while intoxicated, running a red
light, striking two people who had been crossing the street—killing one person and
injuring the other—and then driving away. Because we determine that the two
failure-to-stop counts were allied offenses of similar import that were committed
neither separately nor with a separate animus under R.C. 2941.25, we vacate the
sentences imposed on those two counts and remand for resentencing on one of those
counts.
{¶2} This appeal originated with Temaj-Felix’s previous counsel filing a no-
error brief under Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493
(1967), which stated that no meritorious issues existed to support Temaj-Felix’s
appeal. This court, however, determined that an arguable legal issue existed to
support a meritorious appeal, specifically whether Temaj-Felix’s two convictions for
failure to stop should merge under R.C. 2941.25. Therefore, pursuant to Anders, we
appointed new counsel for Temaj-Felix to brief that issue. State v. Temaj-Felix, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-120040, 2013-Ohio-387, ¶ 7.
{¶3} The facts underlying Temaj-Felix’s appeal are as follows: Temaj-Felix
pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated vehicular homicide, one count of
aggravated vehicular assault, and two counts of failure to stop after an accident.
According to the bill of particulars,
On or about April 2nd, 2011 at approximately 6:30am,
in the area of Westwood Avenue near the intersection
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
with Grand Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, the defendant was
travelling East on Westwood Avenue and did run a red
light and struck [N.T.] and [S.W.] who were crossing
Westwood Avenue, killing [S.W.] and causing injury to
[N.T.] including, but not limited to, fractures to her
ankles, legs, ribs, and neck and causing blood clots. The
defendant did not stop at the scene of the accident. After
he did stop his vehicle he was found to be driving
without a license and with a blood alcohol level of
.213g/210L.
Temaj-Felix at ¶ 5.
{¶4} The trial court imposed an 11-year prison term on the homicide count,
four years on the assault count, two years on the failure-to-stop count as to S.W., and
one year on the failure-to-stop count as to N.T. The trial court ordered the terms be
served consecutively for an aggregate sentence of 18 years in prison, and the trial
court imposed a lifetime driver’s license suspension.
{¶5} In a single assignment of error, Temaj-Felix argues that the trial court
erred when it failed to merge his failure-to-stop convictions under R.C. 2941.25,
Ohio’s multiple-count statute. We review a trial court’s decision under R.C. 2941.25
de novo. State v. Williams, 134 Ohio St.3d 482, 2012-Ohio-5699, 983 N.E.2d 1245, ¶
28. Where a defendant fails to object on allied-offense grounds as to the imposition
of multiple convictions, just as Temaj-Felix failed to do in this case, the defendant
has waived all but plain error. See State v. Anderson, 2012-Ohio-3347, 974 N.E.2d
1236, ¶ 14 (1st Dist.), citing State v. Fields, 97 Ohio App.3d 337, 344, 646 N.E.2d 866
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
(1st Dist.1994). A guilty plea to multiple counts that should have been merged under
R.C. 2941.25 does not prevent this court from reviewing for plain error. See
Anderson at ¶ 14, citing State v. Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365, 2010-Ohio-1, 922
N.E.2d 923, ¶ 26.
{¶6} “Under R.C. 2941.25 * * * a trial court, in a single proceeding, may
convict a defendant for two or more offenses having as their genesis the same
criminal conduct or transaction if the offenses (1) were not allied offenses of similar
import, (2) were committed separately, or (3) were committed with a separate
animus as to each offense.” Anderson at ¶ 15; see State v. Bickerstaff, 10 Ohio St.3d
62, 65-66, 461 N.E.2d 892 (1984).
{¶7} Two or more offenses are allied offenses of similar import if the state
relies on the same conduct to prove each offense. State v. Adams, 1st Dist. No. C-
120059, 2013-Ohio-926, ¶ 21, citing State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-
Ohio-6314, 942 N.E.2d 1061 and Anderson; State v. Campbell, 2012-Ohio-4231, 978
N.E.2d 970, ¶ 10 (1st Dist.). Offenses that are part of “one sustained, continuous act”
are committed together. Anderson at ¶ 24. Furthermore, animus, which can be
inferred “from the surrounding circumstances[,]” has been defined as the
defendant’s “immediate motive.” State v. Logan, 60 Ohio St.2d 126, 131, 397 N.E.2d
1345 (1975).
{¶8} R.C. 4549.02(A) provides that:
In case of accident to or collision with persons or
property upon any of the public roads or highways, due
to the driving or operation thereon of any motor vehicle,
the person driving or operating the motor vehicle,
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
having knowledge of the accident or collision,
immediately shall stop the driver’s or operator’s motor
vehicle at the scene of the accident or collision and shall
remain at the scene of the accident or collision until the
driver or operator has given the driver’s or operator’s
name and address * * * to any person injured in the
accident or collision * * * or to any police officer at the
scene of the accident or collision.
In the event the injured person is unable to comprehend
and record the information required to be given by this
section, the other driver involved in the accident or
collision forthwith shall notify the nearest police
authority * * *, and then remain at the scene of the
accident or collision until a police officer arrives * * *.
{¶9} This court considered whether multiple failure-to-stop charges under
R.C. 4549.02 pertaining to multiple victims, but only a single collision, were allied
offenses of similar import in State v. Hundley, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-060374,
2007-Ohio-3556, overruled on other grounds as stated in Campbell at ¶ 12. In
Hundley, the defendant lost control of his vehicle and hit a utility pole, killing three
of his passengers on the scene and a fourth died hours later. Hundley was convicted
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[Cite as State v. Temaj-Felix, 2013-Ohio-4463.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120040 TRIAL NO. B-1102150 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
: RODOLFO TEMAJ-FELIX,
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Sentences Vacated in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: October 9, 2013
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Melynda J. Machol, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Scott A. Rubenstein, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
FISCHER, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Rodolfo Temaj-Felix appeals the judgment of the
trial court convicting him of two counts of failing to stop after an accident under R.C.
4549.02 where Temaj-Felix had admitted to driving while intoxicated, running a red
light, striking two people who had been crossing the street—killing one person and
injuring the other—and then driving away. Because we determine that the two
failure-to-stop counts were allied offenses of similar import that were committed
neither separately nor with a separate animus under R.C. 2941.25, we vacate the
sentences imposed on those two counts and remand for resentencing on one of those
counts.
{¶2} This appeal originated with Temaj-Felix’s previous counsel filing a no-
error brief under Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 87 S.Ct. 1396, 18 L.Ed.2d 493
(1967), which stated that no meritorious issues existed to support Temaj-Felix’s
appeal. This court, however, determined that an arguable legal issue existed to
support a meritorious appeal, specifically whether Temaj-Felix’s two convictions for
failure to stop should merge under R.C. 2941.25. Therefore, pursuant to Anders, we
appointed new counsel for Temaj-Felix to brief that issue. State v. Temaj-Felix, 1st
Dist. Hamilton No. C-120040, 2013-Ohio-387, ¶ 7.
{¶3} The facts underlying Temaj-Felix’s appeal are as follows: Temaj-Felix
pleaded guilty to one count of aggravated vehicular homicide, one count of
aggravated vehicular assault, and two counts of failure to stop after an accident.
According to the bill of particulars,
On or about April 2nd, 2011 at approximately 6:30am,
in the area of Westwood Avenue near the intersection
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
with Grand Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio, the defendant was
travelling East on Westwood Avenue and did run a red
light and struck [N.T.] and [S.W.] who were crossing
Westwood Avenue, killing [S.W.] and causing injury to
[N.T.] including, but not limited to, fractures to her
ankles, legs, ribs, and neck and causing blood clots. The
defendant did not stop at the scene of the accident. After
he did stop his vehicle he was found to be driving
without a license and with a blood alcohol level of
.213g/210L.
Temaj-Felix at ¶ 5.
{¶4} The trial court imposed an 11-year prison term on the homicide count,
four years on the assault count, two years on the failure-to-stop count as to S.W., and
one year on the failure-to-stop count as to N.T. The trial court ordered the terms be
served consecutively for an aggregate sentence of 18 years in prison, and the trial
court imposed a lifetime driver’s license suspension.
{¶5} In a single assignment of error, Temaj-Felix argues that the trial court
erred when it failed to merge his failure-to-stop convictions under R.C. 2941.25,
Ohio’s multiple-count statute. We review a trial court’s decision under R.C. 2941.25
de novo. State v. Williams, 134 Ohio St.3d 482, 2012-Ohio-5699, 983 N.E.2d 1245, ¶
28. Where a defendant fails to object on allied-offense grounds as to the imposition
of multiple convictions, just as Temaj-Felix failed to do in this case, the defendant
has waived all but plain error. See State v. Anderson, 2012-Ohio-3347, 974 N.E.2d
1236, ¶ 14 (1st Dist.), citing State v. Fields, 97 Ohio App.3d 337, 344, 646 N.E.2d 866
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
(1st Dist.1994). A guilty plea to multiple counts that should have been merged under
R.C. 2941.25 does not prevent this court from reviewing for plain error. See
Anderson at ¶ 14, citing State v. Underwood, 124 Ohio St.3d 365, 2010-Ohio-1, 922
N.E.2d 923, ¶ 26.
{¶6} “Under R.C. 2941.25 * * * a trial court, in a single proceeding, may
convict a defendant for two or more offenses having as their genesis the same
criminal conduct or transaction if the offenses (1) were not allied offenses of similar
import, (2) were committed separately, or (3) were committed with a separate
animus as to each offense.” Anderson at ¶ 15; see State v. Bickerstaff, 10 Ohio St.3d
62, 65-66, 461 N.E.2d 892 (1984).
{¶7} Two or more offenses are allied offenses of similar import if the state
relies on the same conduct to prove each offense. State v. Adams, 1st Dist. No. C-
120059, 2013-Ohio-926, ¶ 21, citing State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-
Ohio-6314, 942 N.E.2d 1061 and Anderson; State v. Campbell, 2012-Ohio-4231, 978
N.E.2d 970, ¶ 10 (1st Dist.). Offenses that are part of “one sustained, continuous act”
are committed together. Anderson at ¶ 24. Furthermore, animus, which can be
inferred “from the surrounding circumstances[,]” has been defined as the
defendant’s “immediate motive.” State v. Logan, 60 Ohio St.2d 126, 131, 397 N.E.2d
1345 (1975).
{¶8} R.C. 4549.02(A) provides that:
In case of accident to or collision with persons or
property upon any of the public roads or highways, due
to the driving or operation thereon of any motor vehicle,
the person driving or operating the motor vehicle,
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
having knowledge of the accident or collision,
immediately shall stop the driver’s or operator’s motor
vehicle at the scene of the accident or collision and shall
remain at the scene of the accident or collision until the
driver or operator has given the driver’s or operator’s
name and address * * * to any person injured in the
accident or collision * * * or to any police officer at the
scene of the accident or collision.
In the event the injured person is unable to comprehend
and record the information required to be given by this
section, the other driver involved in the accident or
collision forthwith shall notify the nearest police
authority * * *, and then remain at the scene of the
accident or collision until a police officer arrives * * *.
{¶9} This court considered whether multiple failure-to-stop charges under
R.C. 4549.02 pertaining to multiple victims, but only a single collision, were allied
offenses of similar import in State v. Hundley, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-060374,
2007-Ohio-3556, overruled on other grounds as stated in Campbell at ¶ 12. In
Hundley, the defendant lost control of his vehicle and hit a utility pole, killing three
of his passengers on the scene and a fourth died hours later. Hundley was convicted
of four counts of failing to stop after an accident under R.C. 4549.02, one for each
victim. In determining that Hundley should have only been sentenced on one of the
failure-to-stop counts, this court reasoned that the prosecution relied upon the same
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
conduct to support each of the four counts because “[t]he unit of prosecution in [R.C.
4549.02] is not the number of victims, but the number of collisions.” Id. at ¶ 15.
{¶10} Our determination in Hundley as it pertains to the unit of prosecution
in R.C. 4549.02 remains unchanged by the conduct-based allied-offense test of State
v. Johnson. Therefore, in determining whether Temaj-Felix’s two failure-to-stop
offenses are allied offenses of similar import that must be merged, we are guided by
the number of collisions and not the number of victims. See Hundley at ¶ 15.
{¶11} According to the bill of particulars filed by the state, Temaj-Felix ran a
red light in his vehicle and struck N.T. and S.W., who were crossing the street, killing
S.W. and injuring N.T. Temaj-Felix did not stop at the scene. Based upon these
facts, only one collision occurred. Following Hundley, Temaj-Felix’s offenses under
R.C. 4549.02 were allied offenses of similar import that were neither committed
separately, nor with a separate animus, and those offenses should have been merged
under R.C. 2941.25. See Anderson, 2012-Ohio-3347, 974 N.E.2d 1236, at ¶ 15.
Therefore, we sustain Temaj-Felix’s assignment of error.
{¶12} Temaj-Felix’s sentences for two counts of failure to stop after an
accident under R.C. 4549.02 are vacated, and this cause is remanded for
resentencing on one count of failure to stop in accordance with the state’s election.
See State v. Whitfield, 124 Ohio St.3d 319, 2010-Ohio-2, 922 N.E.2d 182, paragraphs
one and two of the syllabus. The remainder of the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed in part, sentences vacated in part, and cause remanded.
DINKELACKER, P.J., and DEWINE, J., concur. Please note: The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.