[Cite as State v. Gerth, 2014-Ohio-4569.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120392 TRIAL NO. B-1101792 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
MARK GERTH, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Sentences Vacated in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: October 17, 2014
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Philip R. Cummings, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
J. Thomas Hodges, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
H ILDEBRANDT , Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Mark Gerth brings a second appeal of the
judgment of the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of two
counts of murder, one count of aggravated vehicular assault, one count of failing to
comply with an order of a police officer, two counts of failing to stop after an
accident, and one count of receiving stolen property.
{¶2} Gerth was convicted of the offenses after a jury trial. The trial
court ordered the sentences for each of the convictions to be served consecutively, for
an aggregate prison term of 48 and one-half years to life.
{¶3} Gerth appealed the convictions, and this court affirmed the
judgment of the trial court in State v. Gerth, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120392, 2013-
Ohio-1751. Gerth then filed a motion, under App.R. 26(B), to reopen his direct
appeal on the basis that he had been denied the effective assistance of appellate
counsel.
{¶4} This court granted Gerth’s motion, finding that there was a genuine
issue as to whether appellate counsel had been ineffective for failing to argue that the
two counts of failing to stop after an accident were allied offenses of similar import.
Accordingly, we appointed new appellate counsel and ordered that counsel brief the
issue of allied offenses and any other nonfrivolous assignments of error not
previously considered.
{¶5} A complete statement of the facts in this case is set forth in our
previous opinion. See Gerth, supra. Briefly, Gerth was driving a stolen car while
intoxicated. He crashed into a taxicab and then fled. The crash resulted in the
deaths of both of the taxi’s occupants, and in severe injury to Gerth’s passenger,
Donald Evans.
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Allied Offenses of Similar Import
{¶6} In his first assignment of error, Gerth contends that previous
appellate counsel was ineffective in failing to assert that the two counts of failing to
stop after an accident under R.C. 4549.02 were allied offenses.
{¶7} In a reopened appeal under App.R. 26, our inquiry is whether “the
performance of appellate counsel was deficient and the applicant was prejudiced by
that deficiency.” App.R. 26(B)(9); see State v. Haynes, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-
960794, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 809 (Mar. 5, 1999).
{¶8} In this case, we agree that appellate counsel was deficient. Under
R.C. 2941.25, a defendant may be sentenced for only one of multiple counts of failing
to stop after an accident even where there are multiple victims in a single collision, as
“[t]he unit of prosecution [under R.C. 4549.02] is not the number of victims, but the
number of collisions.” State v. Hundley, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-060374, 2007-
Ohio-3556, ¶ 15, overruled on other grounds, State v. Moore, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-070421, 2008-Ohio-4116. Our holding in Hundley was unaffected by the Ohio
Supreme Court’s adoption of a conduct-based test for determining allied offenses in
State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, 942 N.E.2d 1061. See State v.
Temaj-Felix, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120040, 2013-Ohio-4463, ¶ 10.
{¶9} Here, it was undisputed that the two counts of failing to stop
related to the same collision, and the state concedes that the trial court erred in
imposing multiple sentences for the offenses. Accordingly, we sustain the first
assignment of error.
Consecutive Sentences
{¶10} In his second assignment of error, Gerth argues that appellate
counsel was ineffective for failing to assign as error the trial court’s failure to make
the requisite statutory findings for imposing consecutive sentences.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶11} Under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), the court must first find that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public or to punish the offender.
Second, the court must find that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to
the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public. Finally,
the court must find that at least one of the following applies: (1) the offender
committed one or more of the offenses while awaiting trial or sentencing, while
under a community-control sanction, or on postrelease control; (2) at least two of the
multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more courses of conduct and the
harm caused by two or more of the offenses was so great or unusual that no single
prison term would adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s conduct; or
(3) the offender’s criminal history demonstrates that consecutive sentences are
necessary to protect the public from future crime by the offender. See State v.
Alexander, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-110828 and C-110829, 2012-Ohio-3349, ¶ 15.
{¶12} Here, we agree with Gerth that previous appellate counsel was
ineffective. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court made numerous comments
about Gerth’s abysmal criminal record, his lack of remorse, and other aggravating
factors. But the court did not make any findings under R.C. 2929.14. We
acknowledge that a “talismanic” recitation of the statutory findings is not required.
See State v. Roebuck, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130350, 2014-Ohio-1708, ¶ 3.
Nonetheless, the comments in the instant case cannot be construed as sufficient.
{¶13} Moreover, during the pendency of this appeal, the Supreme Court
of Ohio held that a trial court must not only make the statutory findings at the
sentencing hearing, but must also incorporate those findings into its sentencing
entry. State v. Bonnell, __Ohio St.3d __, 2014-Ohio-3177, __ N.E.3d __, syllabus.
This court has applied Bonnell to pending appeals. See, e.g., State v. Woods, 1st Dist.
Hamilton Nos. C-130413 and C-130414, 2014-Ohio-3892, ¶ 76.
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶14} Consecutive sentences were certainly warranted in this case. But
because the trial court did not adhere to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), we must sustain the
second assignment of error.
Gerth’s Right of Confrontation
{¶15} In his third and final assignment of error, Gerth maintains that the
trial court erred when it admitted into evidence the medical records of Donald Evans.
Therefore, he contends that his previous appellate attorney was remiss in failing to
raise the issue.
{¶16} We are not persuaded. The records were admissible under Evid.R.
803(6), the hearsay exception for business records, and under R.C. 2317.422, which
provides that the records of a licensed medical facility may be authenticated without
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[Cite as State v. Gerth, 2014-Ohio-4569.] IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-120392 TRIAL NO. B-1101792 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. : O P I N I O N.
MARK GERTH, :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed in Part, Sentences Vacated in Part, and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: October 17, 2014
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Philip R. Cummings, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
J. Thomas Hodges, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: this case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
H ILDEBRANDT , Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Mark Gerth brings a second appeal of the
judgment of the Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas convicting him of two
counts of murder, one count of aggravated vehicular assault, one count of failing to
comply with an order of a police officer, two counts of failing to stop after an
accident, and one count of receiving stolen property.
{¶2} Gerth was convicted of the offenses after a jury trial. The trial
court ordered the sentences for each of the convictions to be served consecutively, for
an aggregate prison term of 48 and one-half years to life.
{¶3} Gerth appealed the convictions, and this court affirmed the
judgment of the trial court in State v. Gerth, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120392, 2013-
Ohio-1751. Gerth then filed a motion, under App.R. 26(B), to reopen his direct
appeal on the basis that he had been denied the effective assistance of appellate
counsel.
{¶4} This court granted Gerth’s motion, finding that there was a genuine
issue as to whether appellate counsel had been ineffective for failing to argue that the
two counts of failing to stop after an accident were allied offenses of similar import.
Accordingly, we appointed new appellate counsel and ordered that counsel brief the
issue of allied offenses and any other nonfrivolous assignments of error not
previously considered.
{¶5} A complete statement of the facts in this case is set forth in our
previous opinion. See Gerth, supra. Briefly, Gerth was driving a stolen car while
intoxicated. He crashed into a taxicab and then fled. The crash resulted in the
deaths of both of the taxi’s occupants, and in severe injury to Gerth’s passenger,
Donald Evans.
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Allied Offenses of Similar Import
{¶6} In his first assignment of error, Gerth contends that previous
appellate counsel was ineffective in failing to assert that the two counts of failing to
stop after an accident under R.C. 4549.02 were allied offenses.
{¶7} In a reopened appeal under App.R. 26, our inquiry is whether “the
performance of appellate counsel was deficient and the applicant was prejudiced by
that deficiency.” App.R. 26(B)(9); see State v. Haynes, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-
960794, 1999 Ohio App. LEXIS 809 (Mar. 5, 1999).
{¶8} In this case, we agree that appellate counsel was deficient. Under
R.C. 2941.25, a defendant may be sentenced for only one of multiple counts of failing
to stop after an accident even where there are multiple victims in a single collision, as
“[t]he unit of prosecution [under R.C. 4549.02] is not the number of victims, but the
number of collisions.” State v. Hundley, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-060374, 2007-
Ohio-3556, ¶ 15, overruled on other grounds, State v. Moore, 1st Dist. Hamilton No.
C-070421, 2008-Ohio-4116. Our holding in Hundley was unaffected by the Ohio
Supreme Court’s adoption of a conduct-based test for determining allied offenses in
State v. Johnson, 128 Ohio St.3d 153, 2010-Ohio-6314, 942 N.E.2d 1061. See State v.
Temaj-Felix, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120040, 2013-Ohio-4463, ¶ 10.
{¶9} Here, it was undisputed that the two counts of failing to stop
related to the same collision, and the state concedes that the trial court erred in
imposing multiple sentences for the offenses. Accordingly, we sustain the first
assignment of error.
Consecutive Sentences
{¶10} In his second assignment of error, Gerth argues that appellate
counsel was ineffective for failing to assign as error the trial court’s failure to make
the requisite statutory findings for imposing consecutive sentences.
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶11} Under R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), the court must first find that
consecutive sentences are necessary to protect the public or to punish the offender.
Second, the court must find that consecutive sentences are not disproportionate to
the offender’s conduct and to the danger the offender poses to the public. Finally,
the court must find that at least one of the following applies: (1) the offender
committed one or more of the offenses while awaiting trial or sentencing, while
under a community-control sanction, or on postrelease control; (2) at least two of the
multiple offenses were committed as part of one or more courses of conduct and the
harm caused by two or more of the offenses was so great or unusual that no single
prison term would adequately reflect the seriousness of the offender’s conduct; or
(3) the offender’s criminal history demonstrates that consecutive sentences are
necessary to protect the public from future crime by the offender. See State v.
Alexander, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos. C-110828 and C-110829, 2012-Ohio-3349, ¶ 15.
{¶12} Here, we agree with Gerth that previous appellate counsel was
ineffective. At the sentencing hearing, the trial court made numerous comments
about Gerth’s abysmal criminal record, his lack of remorse, and other aggravating
factors. But the court did not make any findings under R.C. 2929.14. We
acknowledge that a “talismanic” recitation of the statutory findings is not required.
See State v. Roebuck, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130350, 2014-Ohio-1708, ¶ 3.
Nonetheless, the comments in the instant case cannot be construed as sufficient.
{¶13} Moreover, during the pendency of this appeal, the Supreme Court
of Ohio held that a trial court must not only make the statutory findings at the
sentencing hearing, but must also incorporate those findings into its sentencing
entry. State v. Bonnell, __Ohio St.3d __, 2014-Ohio-3177, __ N.E.3d __, syllabus.
This court has applied Bonnell to pending appeals. See, e.g., State v. Woods, 1st Dist.
Hamilton Nos. C-130413 and C-130414, 2014-Ohio-3892, ¶ 76.
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶14} Consecutive sentences were certainly warranted in this case. But
because the trial court did not adhere to R.C. 2929.14(C)(4), we must sustain the
second assignment of error.
Gerth’s Right of Confrontation
{¶15} In his third and final assignment of error, Gerth maintains that the
trial court erred when it admitted into evidence the medical records of Donald Evans.
Therefore, he contends that his previous appellate attorney was remiss in failing to
raise the issue.
{¶16} We are not persuaded. The records were admissible under Evid.R.
803(6), the hearsay exception for business records, and under R.C. 2317.422, which
provides that the records of a licensed medical facility may be authenticated without
live testimony if properly endorsed by a qualified representative of the facility.
{¶17} But Gerth contends that, even if the admission of the records was
proper under the rules of evidence and the statute, their admission still violated his
right to confront his accusers.
{¶18} We find no merit in this argument. The Supreme Court of Ohio has
held that the admission of medical records under R.C. 2317.422 does not violate a
defendant’s Sixth Amendment right of confrontation in light of the trustworthiness
of such records. See State v. Spikes, 67 Ohio St.2d 405, 410, 423 N.E.2d 1122 (1981).
We recognize that Spikes was decided long before the United States Supreme Court
clarified the definition of a “testimonial” statement under the Confrontation Clause
in Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004).
But in the case at bar, Gerth’s trial counsel conceded that any testimonial statements
of Evans had been redacted prior to the admission of the records into evidence.
Accordingly, previous appellate counsel was not derelict in failing to raise the issue,
and we overrule the third assignment of error.
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Conclusion
{¶19} We vacate the sentences in part and remand the cause for the trial
court to sentence Gerth, at the option of the state, on one count of failing to stop after
an accident; to make the requisite findings for consecutive sentences; and to
incorporate those findings into its sentencing entry. In all other respects, we affirm
the judgment of the trial court.
Judgment affirmed in part, sentences vacated in part, and cause remanded.
HENDON and DINKELACKER, JJ., concur.
Please note: The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.