State v. Speckman

374 S.E.2d 419, 92 N.C. App. 265, 1988 N.C. App. LEXIS 1051
CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedDecember 20, 1988
DocketNo. 8826SC394
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 374 S.E.2d 419 (State v. Speckman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Speckman, 374 S.E.2d 419, 92 N.C. App. 265, 1988 N.C. App. LEXIS 1051 (N.C. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinion

WELLS, Judge.

Defendant assigns error to the trial court’s denial of his motion to require the State to elect between the charges of embezzlement and obtaining property by false pretense.

In order to convict a defendant of embezzlement under G.S. § 14-90, the State must prove three distinct elements: (1) that the defendant, being more than sixteen years of age, acted as an agent or fiduciary for his principal, (2) that he received money or valuable property of his principal in the course of his employment and by virtue of his fiduciary relationship, and (3) that he fraudulently or knowingly and willfully misapplied or converted to his own use such money or valuable property of his principal which he had received in his fiduciary capacity.

State v. Pate, 40 N.C. App. 580, 253 S.E. 2d 266, cert. denied, 297 N.C. 616, 257 S.E. 2d 222 (1979).

The charge of obtaining property by false pretense has as its constituent elements, “ ‘(1) a false representation of a subsisting fact or a future fulfillment or event, (2) which is calculated and intended to deceive, (3) which does in fact deceive, and (4) by which one person obtains or attempts to obtain value from another.’ ” State v. Davis, 48 N.C. App. 526, 269 S.E. 2d 291 (1980) (quoting State v. Cronin, 299 N.C. 229, 262 S.E. 2d 277 (1980)). Close scrutiny of the elements of embezzlement and obtaining property by false pretense shows that the two charges are inherently [269]*269mutually exclusive. In order to be found guilty of embezzlement, a defendant must obtain the property in question rightfully in the course of his employment by virtue of his fiduciary or agency relationship with his principal. The defendant must then fraudulently or knowingly misapply or convert the property to his own use in such a way as to be inconsistent with the usage originally intended by the principal. The wrongful act takes place after the property is initially rightfully obtained. The charge of obtaining property by false pretense requires the defendant to have wrongfully obtained the property at the outset by falsely representing an existing fact or a future fulfillment or event which is calculated and intended to deceive and which does in fact deceive.

The defendant, in the present case, could not therefore have obtained the $7,500 rightfully through his fiduciary relationship with Young and then wrongfully use the money and wrongfully obtain, at the outset, the same $7,500 through the false representation of an existing fact or fulfillment of a future event. Our resolution of this issue is controlled by the decision of our Supreme Court in State v. Meshaw, 246 N.C. 205, 98 S.E. 2d 13 (1957). In Meshaw, the defendant was convicted of larceny of property and also of receiving the same property knowing it to have been stolen. The Meshaw court stated: “The verdict here purports to establish that the appellant is guilty of two separate and distinct criminal offenses, the nature of which is such that guilt of one necessarily excludes guilt of the other. He may be guilty of one or of the other, not both.” Meshaw, supra at 207, 98 S.E. 2d at 15.

As a rule, “[t]he [trial] judge [is] not required to make the State elect between the charges contained in [the indictments], at the beginning of the trial, and before any evidence [has] been introduced.” State v. Summrell, 282 N.C. 157, 192 S.E. 2d 569 (1972). (Emphasis in the original.) Accord State v. Hill, 45 N.C. App. 136, 263 S.E. 2d 14 (1980). However, where the charges involved are clearly mutually exclusive, as in the present case, we are persuaded that the State should be required to make an election between the charges. See State v. Griffin, 239 N.C. 41, 79 S.E. 2d 230 (1953). Accordingly, we hold that the trial court’s denial of defendant’s motion to require the State to elect between the charges of embezzlement and obtaining property by false pretense was in error.

[270]*270This error was not sufficiently prejudicial to require a new trial for the defendant in this case. Where the verdict is contradictory in nature, as in the present case, it has been established that: “if there is a verdict of ‘guilty as charged’ and the trial is free from error, or if there is a plea of guilty as charged, a single judgment pronounced thereon will be upheld.” Meshaw, supra at 209-210, 98 S.E. 2d at 16 (emphasis in the original); State v. Turner, 8 N.C. App. 541, 174 S.E. 2d 863 (1970). It is considered to be “immaterial” as to which mutually exclusive count the guilty verdict pertains. Meshaw, supra at 210, 98 S.E. 2d at 16. “In short, since it has been established that the defendant is guilty of one or the other, in either case the judgment is sufficiently supported.” Meshaw, supra. (Emphasis in the original.) Wp are presented with a similar situation in the instant case. Defendant was found by the jury to be guilty of one count of embezzlement and one count of obtaining property by false pretense. While these counts, as noted above, are mutually exclusive, the trial court consolidated the verdicts for judgment and sentencing and pronounced a single judgment on the verdicts. Therefore, defendant suffered no prejudice as a result of the trial court’s denial of his motion to require the State to elect between the charges. Accordingly, defendant is not entitled to a new trial based on these assignments of error.

Defendant contends that there was insufficient evidence to support guilty verdicts on either charge and that the trial court erred in failing to grant defendant’s motion to dismiss the charges against the defendant and failing to grant defendant’s motion to set aside the verdicts as being against the weight of the evidence. “In considering a motion to dismiss, it is the duty of the court to determine whether there is substantial evidence of each essential element of the offense charged, substantial evidence being such relevant evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” State v. Earnest, 64 N.C. App. 162, 306 S.E. 2d 560 (1983). Furthermore, “all of the evidence must be considered in the light most favorable to the State, and the State is entitled to every reasonable inference from that evidence.” Id. at 164, 306 S.E. 2d at 562.

There is substantial evidence in the case at bar to support each element of both of the offenses charged. As to embezzlement, evidence in the record is sufficient to support a conclusion [271]*271that defendant was the attorney of Young and as such was placed in a fiduciary relationship with Young. Defendant was given $7,500 by Young to purchase a share in the waterslide operation. Defendant received the money rightfully in the course of his employment as an attorney for Young and by virtue of his fiduciary relationship with Young. Though it is not clear from the record what happened to the $7,500, viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, it is clear that Young never obtained the share of the waterslide operation which was to be purchased with the money. Therefore, there was evidence from which a reasonable inference may be drawn that defendant either fraudulently or knowingly and willfully misapplied his client’s funds, or that he secreted such funds with the intent to embezzle or fraudulently or knowingly and willfully misapply them. See State v. Smithey, 15 N.C. App. 427, 190 S.E. 2d 369 (1972).

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Related

State v. Speckman
391 S.E.2d 165 (Supreme Court of North Carolina, 1990)

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Bluebook (online)
374 S.E.2d 419, 92 N.C. App. 265, 1988 N.C. App. LEXIS 1051, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-speckman-ncctapp-1988.