[Cite as State v. Rudin, 2012-Ohio-2643.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-110747 TRIAL NO. B-0701033 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. :
KARL RUDIN, : O P I N I O N.
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: June 15, 2012
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Rachel Lipman Curran, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Christine Y. Jones, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: This case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Karl Rudin appeals the judgment of the Hamilton
County Court of Common Pleas revoking his community control and sentencing him
to eight years in prison, after the trial court determined that Rudin had failed to pay
restitution to the victim in accordance with the community-control sanctions
imposed on his theft conviction. Because we determine that the trial court failed to
make findings as to the reasons for Rudin’s failure to pay, which then led to his
community-control violation, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the
case to the trial court to make appropriate findings.
{¶2} Rudin was indicted for theft from an elderly or disabled adult under
R.C. 2913.02(A)(1) for stealing $27,000 in cash from a 71-year-old bar owner,
according to the bill of particulars. Rudin entered into a plea agreement with the
state whereby Rudin agreed to plead guilty to the offense as charged with a
recommended sentence of five years of community control, which would include
paying restitution to the victim in the amount of $27,000 and participating in drug
and alcohol treatment as recommended by the probation department. At the time of
the offense, Rudin had been unemployed and struggling with ongoing drug and
alcohol issues. The recommended sentence included eight years in prison if Rudin
violated his community-control sanctions.
{¶3} The trial court accepted Rudin’s guilty plea and found Rudin guilty of
theft. The trial court sentenced Rudin to five years of community control and
specifically ordered Rudin to make restitution to the victim in the amount of
$27,000, payable through the probation department in equal consecutive monthly
payments over the five-year period of community control.
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶4} Rudin had just less than one year remaining on community control
when his probation officer filed a violation with the trial court. The officer alleged
that Rudin had failed to make consecutive monthly payments toward his restitution,
and that Rudin still owed $20,530. Rudin pleaded no contest to the community-
control violation. At the revocation hearing, the trial court indicated that an off-the-
record discussion had taken place between the parties, and that the parties had
agreed to continue the matter for 60 days to allow Rudin an opportunity make
sufficient payments. Rudin stated at the hearing that he had been employed for the
past three years, and that he had “been at Cincinnati State” to enable him to get a
better job. The trial court then instructed Rudin to make restitution “a priority” and
continued the matter for 60 days.
{¶5} At the second hearing, counsel for Rudin stated that Rudin had left his
previous job since the first hearing and had obtained a higher paying job making
$110 a day. Rudin also had paid $1,600 toward the restitution obligation since the
first hearing. The trial court granted an additional 60-day continuance, at Rudin’s
request, and the trial court stressed to Rudin that his income should go toward
paying restitution.
{¶6} At the third hearing, Rudin told the trial court that he had been “let go”
from his previous job because his employer had discovered his felony theft. He had
found another job at a party store, and he was continuing to look for a second job.
Rudin requested that the trial court allow him additional time to try to obtain a loan.
Rudin also stated that he would be willing to enter into a separate agreement with
the victim to pay the remaining restitution. The trial court, however, at the request
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
of the prosecutor, revoked Rudin’s community control and sentenced him to eight
years in prison, as provided in the plea agreement.
{¶7} In his sole assignment of error on appeal, Rudin asserts that the trial
court erred in revoking his community control and imposing an eight-year prison
term.
{¶8} A sentencing court has discretion in deciding whether to revoke
community control once a community-control violation has occurred. R.C.
2929.15(B)(1). Generally, that decision will not be reversed on appeal absent an
abuse of discretion. State v. Dockery, 187 Ohio App.3d 798, 2010-Ohio-2365, 933
N.E.2d 1155, ¶ 13 (1st Dist). If a sentencing court revokes community control solely
for nonpayment of financial obligations imposed as part of that community control,
however, then the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is
implicated as provided in Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 672-73, 103 S.Ct. 2064,
76 L.Ed.2d 221 (1983). And we review the constitutionality of the revocation de
novo. See State v. Castellini, 1st Dist. Nos. C-110445 and C-110446, 2012-Ohio-1603,
¶ 12, citing State v. Ziepfel, 107 Ohio App.3d 646, 652, 669 N.E.2d 299 (1st
Dist.1995).
{¶9} In Bearden, the United States Supreme Court held that a sentencing
court in a probation revocation proceeding must, consistent with the fundamental
fairness required by the Fourteenth Amendment, inquire into the reason for a
defendant’s failure to pay a financial obligation. Bearden at 672. If the defendant
“willfully refused” or “failed to make sufficient bona fide efforts legally to acquire the
resources to pay,” then the sentencing court may revoke probation and imprison the
defendant. Id. But, if the defendant “could not pay despite sufficient bona fide
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
efforts to acquire the resources to do so, the court must consider alternative
measures of punishment other than imprisonment.” Id. The sentencing court can
then imprison a defendant who has made sufficient bona fide efforts to pay, but
“[o]nly if alternative measures [of punishment] are not adequate to meet the State’s
interests in punishment and deterrence.” Id.
{¶10} This court applied Bearden in State v. Dockery. In Dockery, this court
stated that in order “to revoke a defendant’s community control simply for the
nonpayment of court costs and fees, the defendant’s ‘failure must have been willful
and not the result of indigence.’ ” Dockery at ¶ 14, quoting State v. Douthard, 1st
Dist. Nos. C-000354 and C-000355, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 2895 (June 29, 2001).
The Dockery court then determined that the sentencing court had not had sufficient
evidence before it to make the necessary findings under Bearden and thus remanded
the case to the sentencing court for an evidentiary hearing. Id. at ¶ 17.
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[Cite as State v. Rudin, 2012-Ohio-2643.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : APPEAL NO. C-110747 TRIAL NO. B-0701033 Plaintiff-Appellee, :
vs. :
KARL RUDIN, : O P I N I O N.
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: June 15, 2012
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Rachel Lipman Curran, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Christine Y. Jones, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: This case has been removed from the accelerated calendar. OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
Per Curiam.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Karl Rudin appeals the judgment of the Hamilton
County Court of Common Pleas revoking his community control and sentencing him
to eight years in prison, after the trial court determined that Rudin had failed to pay
restitution to the victim in accordance with the community-control sanctions
imposed on his theft conviction. Because we determine that the trial court failed to
make findings as to the reasons for Rudin’s failure to pay, which then led to his
community-control violation, we reverse the trial court’s judgment and remand the
case to the trial court to make appropriate findings.
{¶2} Rudin was indicted for theft from an elderly or disabled adult under
R.C. 2913.02(A)(1) for stealing $27,000 in cash from a 71-year-old bar owner,
according to the bill of particulars. Rudin entered into a plea agreement with the
state whereby Rudin agreed to plead guilty to the offense as charged with a
recommended sentence of five years of community control, which would include
paying restitution to the victim in the amount of $27,000 and participating in drug
and alcohol treatment as recommended by the probation department. At the time of
the offense, Rudin had been unemployed and struggling with ongoing drug and
alcohol issues. The recommended sentence included eight years in prison if Rudin
violated his community-control sanctions.
{¶3} The trial court accepted Rudin’s guilty plea and found Rudin guilty of
theft. The trial court sentenced Rudin to five years of community control and
specifically ordered Rudin to make restitution to the victim in the amount of
$27,000, payable through the probation department in equal consecutive monthly
payments over the five-year period of community control.
2 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶4} Rudin had just less than one year remaining on community control
when his probation officer filed a violation with the trial court. The officer alleged
that Rudin had failed to make consecutive monthly payments toward his restitution,
and that Rudin still owed $20,530. Rudin pleaded no contest to the community-
control violation. At the revocation hearing, the trial court indicated that an off-the-
record discussion had taken place between the parties, and that the parties had
agreed to continue the matter for 60 days to allow Rudin an opportunity make
sufficient payments. Rudin stated at the hearing that he had been employed for the
past three years, and that he had “been at Cincinnati State” to enable him to get a
better job. The trial court then instructed Rudin to make restitution “a priority” and
continued the matter for 60 days.
{¶5} At the second hearing, counsel for Rudin stated that Rudin had left his
previous job since the first hearing and had obtained a higher paying job making
$110 a day. Rudin also had paid $1,600 toward the restitution obligation since the
first hearing. The trial court granted an additional 60-day continuance, at Rudin’s
request, and the trial court stressed to Rudin that his income should go toward
paying restitution.
{¶6} At the third hearing, Rudin told the trial court that he had been “let go”
from his previous job because his employer had discovered his felony theft. He had
found another job at a party store, and he was continuing to look for a second job.
Rudin requested that the trial court allow him additional time to try to obtain a loan.
Rudin also stated that he would be willing to enter into a separate agreement with
the victim to pay the remaining restitution. The trial court, however, at the request
3 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
of the prosecutor, revoked Rudin’s community control and sentenced him to eight
years in prison, as provided in the plea agreement.
{¶7} In his sole assignment of error on appeal, Rudin asserts that the trial
court erred in revoking his community control and imposing an eight-year prison
term.
{¶8} A sentencing court has discretion in deciding whether to revoke
community control once a community-control violation has occurred. R.C.
2929.15(B)(1). Generally, that decision will not be reversed on appeal absent an
abuse of discretion. State v. Dockery, 187 Ohio App.3d 798, 2010-Ohio-2365, 933
N.E.2d 1155, ¶ 13 (1st Dist). If a sentencing court revokes community control solely
for nonpayment of financial obligations imposed as part of that community control,
however, then the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is
implicated as provided in Bearden v. Georgia, 461 U.S. 660, 672-73, 103 S.Ct. 2064,
76 L.Ed.2d 221 (1983). And we review the constitutionality of the revocation de
novo. See State v. Castellini, 1st Dist. Nos. C-110445 and C-110446, 2012-Ohio-1603,
¶ 12, citing State v. Ziepfel, 107 Ohio App.3d 646, 652, 669 N.E.2d 299 (1st
Dist.1995).
{¶9} In Bearden, the United States Supreme Court held that a sentencing
court in a probation revocation proceeding must, consistent with the fundamental
fairness required by the Fourteenth Amendment, inquire into the reason for a
defendant’s failure to pay a financial obligation. Bearden at 672. If the defendant
“willfully refused” or “failed to make sufficient bona fide efforts legally to acquire the
resources to pay,” then the sentencing court may revoke probation and imprison the
defendant. Id. But, if the defendant “could not pay despite sufficient bona fide
4 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
efforts to acquire the resources to do so, the court must consider alternative
measures of punishment other than imprisonment.” Id. The sentencing court can
then imprison a defendant who has made sufficient bona fide efforts to pay, but
“[o]nly if alternative measures [of punishment] are not adequate to meet the State’s
interests in punishment and deterrence.” Id.
{¶10} This court applied Bearden in State v. Dockery. In Dockery, this court
stated that in order “to revoke a defendant’s community control simply for the
nonpayment of court costs and fees, the defendant’s ‘failure must have been willful
and not the result of indigence.’ ” Dockery at ¶ 14, quoting State v. Douthard, 1st
Dist. Nos. C-000354 and C-000355, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 2895 (June 29, 2001).
The Dockery court then determined that the sentencing court had not had sufficient
evidence before it to make the necessary findings under Bearden and thus remanded
the case to the sentencing court for an evidentiary hearing. Id. at ¶ 17.
{¶11} In this case, the record does not reflect that the trial court made the
necessary inquiry under Bearden regarding the reasons for Rudin’s failure to pay.
The record is silent as to why Rudin had failed to make restitution payments in the
four years prior to the initial community-control violation. The record contains no
information regarding Rudin’s level of income or his financial obligations during this
four-year period. The state argues that the record supports a finding that Rudin’s
failure to pay was willful. The state points out that Rudin had been attending college
classes at Cincinnati State and that the trial court felt Rudin needed to make
restitution a priority. These statements standing alone do not lead to the conclusion
that Rudin willfully failed to pay the restitution or that he did not make sufficient
bona fide efforts to pay.
5 OHIO FIRST DISTRICT COURT OF APPEALS
{¶12} In fact, the record demonstrates that Rudin made some bona fide
efforts to pay toward the restitution obligation after the initial revocation hearing. In
the 60 days after Rudin’s first revocation hearing, he had obtained a higher-paying
job and had been able to pay $1,600 toward the restitution. By the third revocation
hearing, Rudin had lost his job when his employer had discovered his felony theft,
and although he had obtained another job, he had not paid toward the restitution.
The trial court then sentenced Rudin to eight years in prison at the request of the
state, in accordance with the plea agreement. Thus, because the record shows that
Rudin made some bona fide efforts to pay his restitution obligation after the initial
revocation hearing, and because the record does not contain evidence as to the
reasons for Rudin’s failure to pay prior to the initial revocation hearing as required
by Bearden, we determine that the trial court erred in revoking Rudin’s community-
control and imprisoning Rudin.
{¶13} In conclusion, we sustain Rudin’s assignment of error. We reverse the
judgment of the trial court and remand the case for findings as to whether Rudin’s
failure to pay was willful or whether alternative measures of punishment would be
inadequate to meet the state’s interest.
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
HILDEBRANDT, P.J., CUNNINGHAM and FISCHER, JJ.
Please note: The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.