State v. Rowland

528 S.W.3d 449
CourtMissouri Court of Appeals
DecidedAugust 30, 2017
DocketNo. SD 34621
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 528 S.W.3d 449 (State v. Rowland) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Missouri Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Rowland, 528 S.W.3d 449 (Mo. Ct. App. 2017).

Opinion

Nancy Steffen Rahmeyer, P.J.

A jury found Julian H. Rowland (“Defendant”) guilty of three separate offenses against Victim arising out of a series of acts that were part of a single sexual assault in June 2015. Defendant appeals raising four points. Defendant’s first three points assert that the evidence was insufficient to permit a reasonable jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Defendant used forcible compulsion to commit the acts in question. Defendant’s fourth point claims that the trial court abused its dis-ci’etion in the admission of evidence. We reject Defendant’s points, and affirm the trial court’s judgment.

Points I Through III—Claim Evidence Was Insufficient To Permit Finding of Forcible Compulsion

Defendant claims that there was insufficient evidence to permit a finding of [451]*451forcible compulsion in each of the charges against him. Section 556.061(12), RSMo, Cum.Supp. 2013, provides:

“Forcible compulsion” means either:
(a) Physical force that overcomes reasonable resistance; or
(b) A threat, express or implied, that places a person in reasonable fear of death, serious physical injury or kidnapping of such person or another person[.]

“A victim is not required to physically resist where she submits to an offensive act out of fear of personal harm.” State v. Campbell, 143 S.W.3d 695, 699 (Mo.App. W.D. 2004). The existence of an implied threat is based on the totality of the circumstances. See id. at 698-99 (affirming the sufficiency of the evidence to support a finding beyond a reasonable doubt of an “implied threat” based on the totality of the circumstances including prior uses of force, threats, and violence). Defendant claims what is at issue in this ease is an “implied threat” because no weapon was used and no direct threatening words were used at the time of the assault.

“To determine whether the evidence presented was sufficient to support a conviction and to withstand a motion for judgment of acquittal,[1] this Court does not weigh the evidence but rather accepts] as true all evidence tending to prove guilt together with all reasonable inferences that support the verdict, and ignore[s] all contrary evidence and inferences.” State v. Ess, 453 S.W.3d 196, 206 (Mo. banc 2015) (internal quotations omitted). This Court, however, “may not supply missing evidence, or give the [state] the benefit of unreasonable, speculative or forced inferences.” State v. Whalen, 49 S.W.3d 181, 184 (Mo. banc 2001) (internal quotations omitted). Evidence is sufficient to support a conviction when “there is sufficient evidence from which, a reasonable [fact-finder] might have found' the defendant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.” State v. Coleman, 463 S.W.3d 353, 354 (Mo. banc 2015); see also Musacchio v. United States, — U.S. —, 136 S.Ct. 709, 715, 193 L.Ed.2d 639 (2016).

State v. Clark, 490 S.W.3d 704, 707 (Mo. banc 2016) (brackets in original except for footnote). Further, “[inferences contrary to the verdict are disregarded unless they are such a natural and logical extension of the evidence that a reasonable juror would be unable to disregard them.” State v. Kopp, 325 S.W.3d 466, 467 (Mo. App. S.D. 2010) (internal quotations and citation omitted).

In this case, Victim, a customer service representative, was showing Defendant an apartment for rent;' she testified that, as she opened the closet to show closet space, Defendant approached her from behind and put his hands around her waist. She asked him what he was doing and he replied, “something to the extent of I just want to have a little fun or, want to have a little fun?” Victim told him she was married and backed away, even showing her wedding ring. Victim had not seen a weapon but was concerned that he might have one and felt “terrified”, “like [she] couldn’t escape”, “was afraid and alone in a vacant apartment. And recently a realtor had been murdered in a similar situation.” As the situation progressed, Victim was “[r]eally scared,” and “froze in fear.” Defendant then physically sexually assaulted her.

Victim did not “fight back or anything” because she “didn’t think it would do any [452]*452good.” Victim “just wanted to be safe and [she] was scared. And [she] was trying to go to a different place in [her] head”—she “was trying .to be somewhere else,” Victim did tell Defendant “[n]o” and “[s]top” “several times,” but Defendant' ignored her demands. Victim did not- recall Defendant saying anything to her during this time.

Defendant claims that Victim’s calmness and behavior after the attack is evidence that Victim was not threatened and that the sexual encounter was consensual. These claims ignore - our standard of review. The jury heard two conflicting accounts of what occurred and believed Victim that the sex was not consensual. Victim testified that- she acted calmly because she was in shock and did not know what to do. Victim testified she “let [Defendant] in” her vehicle because “if I had left him there my thought was, what if he ran? What if he never, got caught? I needed to let somebody know;” Victim drove Defendant back to her, office, which, took about “two . minutes, max.” Victim did not call 911 because she “was still afraid he-would hurt.me.-Or-—I didn’t know him. I . didn’t , know. his name.” When Defendant asked whether Victim “could get him a deal on” the apartment where the sexual assault. had occurred, Victim used that question as a reason to call her office, and ask for “George”—a predetermined code word to be used “when you’re in trouble or if you need help.” On the drive back to her office, Victim did not “jok[e] op laugh[] with” Defendant. Victim “couldn’t believe what had just happened to [her]”; she “was tearful, but at the same time [she] was trying to hold it in because [she] didn’t want [Defendant] to think or bolt or run because [she] wanted him to get caught.” Defendant gave a false phone number when asked for his name and phone number so that “George” could get back to him about a deal on the apartment.

The jury was instructed that “[t]he term ‘forcible compulsion’ means a threat, expressed or implied, that places a person in reasonable fear of death, serious physical injury, or kidnapping of such person or another person.” The jury heard Victim describe the manner and tone in which Defendant said he wanted to have “fun” and his physical actions in touching her. The jury heard Victim’s reasoning for allowing Defendant in her car after the assault.- We ignore any inferences contrary to the verdict unless they are such a natural and logical extension of the evidence that a reasonable juror would be unable to disregard them. Kopp, 325 S.W.3d at 467. In this case, a reasonable fact-finder could have found beyond a reasonable doubt that the totality of the • circumstances demonstrated an implied threat that placed Victim in reasonable fear of serious physical injury and constituted forcible compulsion.

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Bluebook (online)
528 S.W.3d 449, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-rowland-moctapp-2017.