[Cite as State v. Rock, 2019-Ohio-1416.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LAKE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. 2018-L-037 - vs - :
DAVID V. ROCK, JR., :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal from the Willoughby Municipal Court, Case No. 1997 TRC 03446.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Richard J. Perez, City of Willoughby Prosecuting Attorney, 4230 State Route 306, Suite 240, Willoughby, OH 44094 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
David V. Rock, Jr., pro se, PID: A663-040, Trumbull Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 640, 5701 Burnett Road, Leavittsburg, OH 44430 (Defendant-Appellant).
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J.
{¶1} Appellant, David V. Rock, Jr., appeals the February 5, 2018, Judgment
Entry of the Willoughby Municipal Court, denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea
pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1; his motion to vacate plea pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B); his motion
for judicial notice pursuant to Ev.R. 201; and his motion for a hearing. For the following
reasons, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
{¶2} On March 30, 2015, the Lake County Court of Common Pleas convicted
Mr. Rock of one count of operating a vehicle under the influence (“OVI”), a third-degree felony in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), and an accompanying R.C. 2941.1413
specification for having been convicted of five or more OVI offenses within the previous
twenty years. Subsequently, appellant filed several postconviction motions and appeals
in this court. See State v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2015-L-047, 2015-Ohio-4639; State
v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2016-L-011, 2016-Ohio-8516; State v. Rock, 11th Dist.
Lake No. 2017-L-010, 2017-Ohio-7294; State v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2016-L-118,
2017-Ohio-7955; State v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2017-L-119, 2017-Ohio-9339; State
v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2018-L-021, 2018-Ohio-4175, appeal not allowed, 2018-
Ohio-5209.
{¶3} The instant appeal relates to Mr. Rock’s November 1997 conviction of one
count of OVI, in violation of R.C. 4511.19, which was one of the counts used to enhance
his 2015 conviction. According to the record, on May 1, 1997, Mr. Rock filed an affidavit
of indigency and the court appointed a public defender the same day. However, on May
8, 1997, the court reviewed his affidavit, determined he was not indigent and could
afford private counsel, and vacated the order approved an appointed public defender.
On May 22, 1997, Mr. Rock signed a waiver of counsel. In January 2018, Mr. Rock
moved to withdraw his plea and vacate the 21-year old conviction on the grounds that
his no contest plea was uncounseled and without a colloquy. The trial court denied his
motion on February 5, 2018, pointing to the record of Mr. Rock’s signed written waiver
of right to counsel. This appeal followed.
{¶4} In April 2018, Mr. Rock filed a motion in this court for an extension of time
to file his brief and requesting appointment of counsel for his appeal of the February 5,
2018 judgment. This court granted the time extension and denied the request for
2 appointment of counsel on the grounds that, “[t]here is no right, constitutional or
statutory, to appointed counsel in collateral attacks,” citing State v. Watts, 57 Ohio
App.3d 32, 33 (6th Dist. 1989). On June 1, 2018, Mr. Rock filed a Motion for
Consolidation & Motion for Reconsideration on Appointing [‘competent’] counsel” asking
that we reconsider our judgment denying appointment of counsel in this appeal. We
denied both motions.
{¶5} Mr. Rock then submitted his appellant’s brief appealing the February 5,
2018 trial court judgment. In response, appellee, city of Willoughby, filed a motion to
strike appellant’s brief asserting an inability to ascertain Mr. Rock’s legal argument and
request for relief. We overruled city of Willoughby’s motion, finding Mr. Rock’s brief
substantially complies with the rules of this court. The state made no further filings.
{¶6} Mr. Rock’s appeal contains two assignments of error. As they relate to the
same matter, we address them together. The first states:
{¶7} “The Court summarily denied defendant’s 32.1 motion without a hearing
and improperly relied on State v. Brooke to avoid complying with defendants [sic]
constitutional rights.”
{¶8} The issue under this error he presents for review and argument states:
“Did the Court abuse its discretion by relying on State v. Brooke because it failed to
review defendant’s record, as this DUI was his 3rd DUI, making it a ‘Serious Offense’
and ignoring why defendant was without counsel. A complete ‘miscarriage of justice[.]’
[sic]”
{¶9} Mr. Rock’s second assignment of error states:
3 {¶10} “The Court abused its discretion by vacating defendants [sic] right to
counsel, as a ‘Court Speaks through it’s [sic] Journals” See Exhibit (3)[.]”
{¶11} The issue under this error he presents for review and argument states:
{¶12} “Did the Court improperly deny defendant’s Sixth Amendment Right to
counsel as being a high school student and moving from place to place and job to job
over a period of a year, shows instability and without necessary means to hire an
attorney and [is] against the U.S. Constitution.”
{¶13} For both errors Mr. Rock contends that the trial court erred in denying his
2018 motion to withdraw his no contest plea because the trial court in 1997 erred in
finding him able to afford an attorney and denying him appointed counsel. However,
even assuming Mr. Rock’s claims are true, we discern no error on the part of the trial
court and find no ground for granting the relief he requests.
{¶14} “An appellate court is limited in its review of a trial court’s decision
regarding a motion to withdraw a guilty plea to determine whether the trial court abused
its discretion.” State v. Sartain, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2007-L-167, 2008-Ohio-2124, ¶11.
An abuse of discretion reflects the trial court’s “‘“failure to exercise sound, reasonable,
and legal decision-making.”’” (citations omitted.) State v. Howard, 11th Dist. Lake No.
2017-L-083, 2018-Ohio-1575, ¶37.
{¶15} Mr. Rock’s 2018 motion to withdraw his no contest plea is governed by
Crim.R. 32.1, which states, “[a] motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may be
made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after
sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to
withdraw his or her plea.” The trial court concluded the only injustice Mr. Rock asserts
4 is in the use of the 1997 conviction to enhance the subsequent conviction for which he
is now imprisoned, which, because the statutory enhancement is legally permissible, is
not an injustice contemplated by Crim.R. 32.1. We agree.
{¶16} In support of its decision, the trial court relied on State v. Brooke, 113 Ohio
St.3d 199, 2007-Ohio-1533. Mr. Rock contends the reliance on Brooke is unjustified.
We acknowledge Brooke is not a precise parallel to the facts presented here: Brooke
appealed from her enhanced conviction, not her prior allegedly uncounseled convictions
as here; Brooke’s enhanced conviction occurred approximately four years after her
earliest DUI, while Mr. Rock’s occurred twenty years later; Brooke conceded she signed
and filed a written waiver of her right to counsel in all three previous cases, while Mr.
Rock has not. However, in both Mr.
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[Cite as State v. Rock, 2019-Ohio-1416.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
LAKE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO, : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee, : CASE NO. 2018-L-037 - vs - :
DAVID V. ROCK, JR., :
Defendant-Appellant. :
Criminal Appeal from the Willoughby Municipal Court, Case No. 1997 TRC 03446.
Judgment: Affirmed.
Richard J. Perez, City of Willoughby Prosecuting Attorney, 4230 State Route 306, Suite 240, Willoughby, OH 44094 (For Plaintiff-Appellee).
David V. Rock, Jr., pro se, PID: A663-040, Trumbull Correctional Institution, P.O. Box 640, 5701 Burnett Road, Leavittsburg, OH 44430 (Defendant-Appellant).
CYNTHIA WESTCOTT RICE, J.
{¶1} Appellant, David V. Rock, Jr., appeals the February 5, 2018, Judgment
Entry of the Willoughby Municipal Court, denying his motion to withdraw his guilty plea
pursuant to Crim.R. 32.1; his motion to vacate plea pursuant to Civ.R. 60(B); his motion
for judicial notice pursuant to Ev.R. 201; and his motion for a hearing. For the following
reasons, the trial court’s judgment is affirmed.
{¶2} On March 30, 2015, the Lake County Court of Common Pleas convicted
Mr. Rock of one count of operating a vehicle under the influence (“OVI”), a third-degree felony in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a), and an accompanying R.C. 2941.1413
specification for having been convicted of five or more OVI offenses within the previous
twenty years. Subsequently, appellant filed several postconviction motions and appeals
in this court. See State v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2015-L-047, 2015-Ohio-4639; State
v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2016-L-011, 2016-Ohio-8516; State v. Rock, 11th Dist.
Lake No. 2017-L-010, 2017-Ohio-7294; State v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2016-L-118,
2017-Ohio-7955; State v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2017-L-119, 2017-Ohio-9339; State
v. Rock, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2018-L-021, 2018-Ohio-4175, appeal not allowed, 2018-
Ohio-5209.
{¶3} The instant appeal relates to Mr. Rock’s November 1997 conviction of one
count of OVI, in violation of R.C. 4511.19, which was one of the counts used to enhance
his 2015 conviction. According to the record, on May 1, 1997, Mr. Rock filed an affidavit
of indigency and the court appointed a public defender the same day. However, on May
8, 1997, the court reviewed his affidavit, determined he was not indigent and could
afford private counsel, and vacated the order approved an appointed public defender.
On May 22, 1997, Mr. Rock signed a waiver of counsel. In January 2018, Mr. Rock
moved to withdraw his plea and vacate the 21-year old conviction on the grounds that
his no contest plea was uncounseled and without a colloquy. The trial court denied his
motion on February 5, 2018, pointing to the record of Mr. Rock’s signed written waiver
of right to counsel. This appeal followed.
{¶4} In April 2018, Mr. Rock filed a motion in this court for an extension of time
to file his brief and requesting appointment of counsel for his appeal of the February 5,
2018 judgment. This court granted the time extension and denied the request for
2 appointment of counsel on the grounds that, “[t]here is no right, constitutional or
statutory, to appointed counsel in collateral attacks,” citing State v. Watts, 57 Ohio
App.3d 32, 33 (6th Dist. 1989). On June 1, 2018, Mr. Rock filed a Motion for
Consolidation & Motion for Reconsideration on Appointing [‘competent’] counsel” asking
that we reconsider our judgment denying appointment of counsel in this appeal. We
denied both motions.
{¶5} Mr. Rock then submitted his appellant’s brief appealing the February 5,
2018 trial court judgment. In response, appellee, city of Willoughby, filed a motion to
strike appellant’s brief asserting an inability to ascertain Mr. Rock’s legal argument and
request for relief. We overruled city of Willoughby’s motion, finding Mr. Rock’s brief
substantially complies with the rules of this court. The state made no further filings.
{¶6} Mr. Rock’s appeal contains two assignments of error. As they relate to the
same matter, we address them together. The first states:
{¶7} “The Court summarily denied defendant’s 32.1 motion without a hearing
and improperly relied on State v. Brooke to avoid complying with defendants [sic]
constitutional rights.”
{¶8} The issue under this error he presents for review and argument states:
“Did the Court abuse its discretion by relying on State v. Brooke because it failed to
review defendant’s record, as this DUI was his 3rd DUI, making it a ‘Serious Offense’
and ignoring why defendant was without counsel. A complete ‘miscarriage of justice[.]’
[sic]”
{¶9} Mr. Rock’s second assignment of error states:
3 {¶10} “The Court abused its discretion by vacating defendants [sic] right to
counsel, as a ‘Court Speaks through it’s [sic] Journals” See Exhibit (3)[.]”
{¶11} The issue under this error he presents for review and argument states:
{¶12} “Did the Court improperly deny defendant’s Sixth Amendment Right to
counsel as being a high school student and moving from place to place and job to job
over a period of a year, shows instability and without necessary means to hire an
attorney and [is] against the U.S. Constitution.”
{¶13} For both errors Mr. Rock contends that the trial court erred in denying his
2018 motion to withdraw his no contest plea because the trial court in 1997 erred in
finding him able to afford an attorney and denying him appointed counsel. However,
even assuming Mr. Rock’s claims are true, we discern no error on the part of the trial
court and find no ground for granting the relief he requests.
{¶14} “An appellate court is limited in its review of a trial court’s decision
regarding a motion to withdraw a guilty plea to determine whether the trial court abused
its discretion.” State v. Sartain, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2007-L-167, 2008-Ohio-2124, ¶11.
An abuse of discretion reflects the trial court’s “‘“failure to exercise sound, reasonable,
and legal decision-making.”’” (citations omitted.) State v. Howard, 11th Dist. Lake No.
2017-L-083, 2018-Ohio-1575, ¶37.
{¶15} Mr. Rock’s 2018 motion to withdraw his no contest plea is governed by
Crim.R. 32.1, which states, “[a] motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest may be
made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the court after
sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant to
withdraw his or her plea.” The trial court concluded the only injustice Mr. Rock asserts
4 is in the use of the 1997 conviction to enhance the subsequent conviction for which he
is now imprisoned, which, because the statutory enhancement is legally permissible, is
not an injustice contemplated by Crim.R. 32.1. We agree.
{¶16} In support of its decision, the trial court relied on State v. Brooke, 113 Ohio
St.3d 199, 2007-Ohio-1533. Mr. Rock contends the reliance on Brooke is unjustified.
We acknowledge Brooke is not a precise parallel to the facts presented here: Brooke
appealed from her enhanced conviction, not her prior allegedly uncounseled convictions
as here; Brooke’s enhanced conviction occurred approximately four years after her
earliest DUI, while Mr. Rock’s occurred twenty years later; Brooke conceded she signed
and filed a written waiver of her right to counsel in all three previous cases, while Mr.
Rock has not. However, in both Mr. Rock’s case and Brooke, the transcript of the
hearing was disposed of in accordance with the court’s standard retention policy. The
Supreme Court of Ohio found that, in such case, the state could produce evidence of a
written waiver as evidence the waiver was knowingly and voluntarily made. Here, the
state pointed to the record of Mr. Rock’s signed written waiver, as the transcript had
been disposed of in accordance with the court’s standard retention policy.
{¶17} The Supreme Court of Ohio further clarified Brooke in State v. Thompson,
121 Ohio St.3d 250, 2009-Ohio-314: “a defendant cannot establish a prima facie
showing as to ‘uncounseled’ merely by establishing that he or she had been convicted
without representation.” Id. at ¶6. Thus, the defendant must do more than allege that,
though the record shows evidence of the contrary, his waiver was not knowing and
voluntary, as Mr. Rock has done here. “Where questions arise concerning a prior
conviction, a reviewing court must presume all underlying proceedings were conducted
5 in accordance with the rules of law and a defendant must introduce evidence to the
contrary in order to establish a prima-facie showing of constitutional infirmity.” Id.,
quoting State v. Brandon, 45 Ohio St.3d 85, 543 N.E.2d 501 (1989). Thus, in light of
Thompson, we find the trial court did not err in relying on Brooke.
{¶18} Moreover, in State v. Dabelko, 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2001-T-0142,
2002-Ohio-6941, this court discussed a similar claim of manifest injustice based on
alleged invalid waiver of counsel in an OVI conviction. Dabelko was sentenced in 1986
and did not contest invalid waiver of counsel until 2001, after the sentence had been
used to enhance a subsequent conviction. There we found “[i]t defies basic common
sense to suggest that it took appellant over fourteen years to investigate and discover
any injustice that may have occurred as a result of his no contest plea. Hence, it is our
view that appellant has not demonstrated that the withdrawal of his no-contest plea is
necessary to correct a manifest injustice.” Id. at ¶11. Here, we find the same. Mr.
Rock waited twenty-three years to contest his plea. “[A]n undue delay between the
occurrence of the alleged cause for withdrawal and the filing of the motion is a factor
adversely affecting the credibility of the movant and militating against the granting of the
motion.” State v. Smith, 49 Ohio St.2d 261, 264 (1977). With no other claims of
injustice presented, we find the trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to find Mr.
Rock has suffered a manifest injustice and denying Mr. Rock’s motions.
{¶19} Finally, a motion to withdraw a guilty plea and to vacate the judgment of a
21-year old conviction is the improper vehicle for questioning the prior convictions’ use
to enhance a subsequent conviction that is not presently being appealed. The proper
vehicle for addressing such allegations is an appeal of the enhanced conviction itself.
6 See, e.g., Brooke, supra. Even if we were to take everything Mr. Rock asserts as true
and grant him relief as to the 1997 conviction, it would have no bearing on his
subsequently enhanced conviction; at the time the subsequent conviction was
enhanced, the prior convictions were then valid, and the court did not err in relying on
them. “[R]es judicata bars appellant from raising, on a motion for post-conviction relief,
those issues which could or should have been raised on direct appeal.” State v. Morris,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 93AP-410, 1993 WL 304151, *3, citing State v. Ishmail, 67 Ohio
St.2d 16 (1981). Thus, to the extent Mr. Rock could have or did assert improper
reliance on this conviction on direct appeal of his subsequent, enhanced conviction, the
underlying motion here is barred by the doctrine of res judicata.
{¶20} In light of the forgoing, we find Mr. Rock’s assignments of error have no
merit. The judgment of the Willoughby Municipal Court is affirmed.
THOMAS R. WRIGHT, P.J.,
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J.,
concur.