State v. Renteria

617 P.2d 543, 126 Ariz. 591, 1979 Ariz. App. LEXIS 709
CourtCourt of Appeals of Arizona
DecidedJune 7, 1979
Docket1 CA-CR 3552
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 617 P.2d 543 (State v. Renteria) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Arizona primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Renteria, 617 P.2d 543, 126 Ariz. 591, 1979 Ariz. App. LEXIS 709 (Ark. Ct. App. 1979).

Opinions

OPINION

CONTRERAS, Judge.

Appellant was convicted in the Phoenix City Court of a violation of former A.R.S. § 28-692 1 which is commonly referred to as driving a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicating liquor (DWI). Since appellant had previously been convicted of this same offense and both convictions were within a twenty-four month period, he was sentenced to serve 60 days in jail pursuant to the provisions of former A.R.S. § 28-692.01 B. Appellant’s city court conviction and sentence were appealed to the Maricopa County Superior Court which affirmed both the conviction and sentence. This timely appeal followed.

Appellant brings this appeal raising two issues for our consideration. He first contends that a proper interpretation of former A.R.S. § 28-692.01 B should be that it does not require that a person who has been convicted twice within a twenty-four month period for driving while under the influence of alcohol must serve a mandatory minimum of 60 days in jail. The second prong of his attack on the statute is based upon constitutional considerations-that is, assuming the statute requires imposition of a mandatory minimum of 60 days in jail, appellant contends that he is being denied equal protection of the law and is being subjected to cruel and unusual punishment.

We are of the opinion that this court lacks jurisdiction to consider the merits of appellant’s first contention relating to a [593]*593proper “interpretation of the statute”; however, we do have jurisdiction to consider appellant’s contentions relating to alleged constitutional infirmities. A.R.S. § 22-375.

In connection with this court’s jurisdiction to consider the first issue presented by appellant, we note that appeals from justice or police [I. e., city] courts in criminal matters are governed by the procedures set forth in 17A A.R.S., Rules of Procedure for Appeals from Justice or Police Court to Superior Court. With respect to jurisdiction, Rule 13 b of these rules of procedure provides:

“b. No further appeal [from superior court] may be taken from a final decision or order under these rules, except as provided by ARS 22-375.” (explanation supplied).

The excepted “further appeal” limitations of A.R.S. § 22-375 are expressly limited to actions involving the “validity of a tax, impost, assessment, toll, municipal fine or statute.”

It is clear that appellant’s first contention involves the city court judge’s “interpretation” of the subject statute. As such, it does not involve the “validity of a ... statute” which is prescribed as a jurisdictional requisite in A.R.S. § 22-375 and, accordingly, this court lacks jurisdiction to consider appellant’s argument on this issue. State v. Baronik, 27 Ariz.App. 184, 552 P.2d 773 (1976); State v. Fagerberg, 17 Ariz.App. 63, 495 P.2d 503 (1972).

However, appellant’s second contention stands on a different footing. Basing his argument on the assumption that the 60-day sentence to be imposed under the statute is mandatory, appellant contends that imposition of the minimum 60 days in jail when a person has been twice convicted of DWI within a 24-month period denies equal protection of the law and subjects an offender to cruel and unusual punishment. Since, in this context, the validity of the statute is being questioned upon constitutional grounds, this court does have jurisdiction to consider the second contention. State v. Yabe, 114 Ariz. 89, 559 P.2d 209 (App.1977); State v. New Times, Inc., 20 Ariz.App. 183, 511 P.2d 196 (1973); Shen-field v. City Court of City of Tucson, Pima County, 8 Ariz.App. 81, 443 P.2d 443 (1968).

In furtherance of the claimed violation of equal protection, appellant states that the statute creates two classifications: (1) those who receive two or more DWI convictions within a 24-month period and are thus subjected to the enhancement provisions of the statute and (2) those who do not receive two DWI convictions within a 24-month period and who are therefore not subjected to the enhancement provisions of the statute. Appellant is obviously correct in his observation that two classes are implicitly created by the statute.

In line with the legislatively created “classification”, and in support of his claim that the statute denies equal protection, appellant asserts the following hypothetical situation. A and B are arrested on January 1, 1976, for driving while intoxicated. Their trials are conducted in different courts on the same day and they are both found guilty on March 1, 1976. Two years later, on January 1, 1978, A and B are both arrested again for driving while intoxicated as a result of celebrating the new year. A is convicted of the second DWI offense on February 25, 1978, and is sentenced to a minimum of 60 days’ jail time pursuant to ^former A.R.S. § 28-692.01 B. On the other hand, B’s attorney makes various motions and, as a result, B’s trial is not held until March 15, 1978. On that date, B is found guilty of the second charge of DWI. B’s two convictions, however, are more than 24 months apart and, therefore, he does not come under the enhancement provisions of former A.R.S. § 28-692.01. Appellant argues that the hypothetical illustrates that the statute is arbitrary and discriminatory, and that there is no rational basis for distinguishing between the two classes. We disagree.

Enhancement or recidivist statutes, as they are commonly referred to, have continually been upheld as a perfectly legitimate domain of legislative regulation as against contentions that such statutes violate constitutional strictures dealing with equal [594]*594protection and cruel and unusual punishment. Oyler v. Boles, 368 U.S. 448, 82 S.Ct. 501, 7 L.Ed.2d 446 (1962); Spencer v. Texas, 385 U.S. 554, 87 S.Ct. 648, 17 L.Ed.2d 606 (1967); Wessling v. Bennett, 290 F.Supp. 511 (1968), aff’d, 410 F.2d 205 (1969), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 945, 90 S.Ct. 384, 24 L.Ed.2d 248 (1969); Ruiz v. Martinez, 385 F.Supp. 800 (1974).

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State v. Renteria
617 P.2d 543 (Court of Appeals of Arizona, 1979)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
617 P.2d 543, 126 Ariz. 591, 1979 Ariz. App. LEXIS 709, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-renteria-arizctapp-1979.