State v. Radi

604 P.2d 318, 185 Mont. 38, 1979 Mont. LEXIS 975
CourtMontana Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 28, 1979
Docket14937
StatusPublished
Cited by24 cases

This text of 604 P.2d 318 (State v. Radi) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Montana Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Radi, 604 P.2d 318, 185 Mont. 38, 1979 Mont. LEXIS 975 (Mo. 1979).

Opinions

MR. JUSTICE HARRISON

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This is an appeal resulting from a resentencing of appellant to a sentence of 50 years.

Appellant was convicted in the District Court of the Sixth Judicial District, in and for the County of Sweet Grass, of the crime of burglary. The jury returned a verdict at the same time which acquitted appellant of the charge of theft.

Appellant was sentenced as a persistent offender to a term of 50 years. Appeal was taken to this Court. This Court, in State v. Radi (1978), 176 Mont. 451, 578 P.2d 1169, affirmed the issue raised on appeal in favor of the State, but held that since the sentence pronounced was done without a presentence investigation, returned the case to the District Court for the purpose of resentencing appellant after a presentence report had been filed.

1. Was the presentence report prepared by the Board of Pardons and Paroles prejudicial to appellant in this case?

2. Is there an inconsistency between the verdict returned by the jury of guilty of Count I, the count of burglary, and of not guilty of Count II, theft?

[40]*40The first issue is directed to whether the presentence report prepared by the Board of Pardons and Paroles was prejudicial to appellant. Section 46-18-112, MCA, provides for a sentencing report as follows:

“Whenever an investigation is required, the probation officer shall promptly inquire into the characteristics, circumstances, needs, and potentialities of the defendant; his criminal record and social history; the circumstances of the offense; the time the defendant has been in detention; and the harm to the victim, his immediate family, and the community. All local and state mental and correctional institutions, courts, and police agencies shall furnish the probation officer, on request, the defendant’s criminal record and other relevant information. The investigation shall include a physical and mental examination of the defendant when it is desirable in the opinion of the court.”

Before proceeding to analyze each of the provisions in the report of the presentence investigation that is alleged to be in error, we will address some general comments regarding such reports in the sentencing process.

This Court has held that a presentence investigation report “is a vital tool of the district judge in arriving at what it considers a proper sentence.” State v. Radi, supra, 578 P.2d at 1182. The primary function of the presentence investigation is to assist the judge in making his determination as to the disposition after conviction. People v. Edwards (1976), 18 Cal.3d 796, 135 Cal.Rptr. 411, 557 P.2d 995. The probation report is generally a proper source of information upon which judicial discretion can be exercised when a defendant is brought before the court for sentencing. People v. Chi Ko Wong (1976), 18 Cal.3d 698, 135 Cal.Rptr. 392, 557 P.2d 976. The sentencing judge cannot be denied an opportunity to obtain information by imposing strict requirements or restricting the proceedings to the rules of evidence applicable at a trial. Thus, hearsay and other matters are acceptable in a presentence report. Williams v. New York (1949), 337 U.S. 241, 247, 69 S.Ct. 1079, 93 L.Ed. 1337.

[41]*41Montana has long allowed the use of reports of presentence investigations for sentencing purposes. See State v. Karathanos (1972), 158 Mont. 461, 493 P.2d 326; State v. Harris (1972), 159 Mont. 425, 498 P.2d 1222.

It is a general rule throughout this country that when matters contained in a report are contested by the defendant, the defendant has, in effect, an affirmative duty to present evidence showing the inaccuracies contained in the report. Crowder v. State (Okl.Cr. 1974), 518 P.2d 890; People v. Carter (1974), 186 Colo. 391, 527 P.2d 875. A recent Supreme Court case from the State of Alaska, Nukapigak v. State (Alaska 1978), 576 P.2d 982, 983, held that failure on the part of the defendant to challenge the accuracies of statements or to offer contrary evidence at the time of sentencing is fatal. “That fact alone is sufficient to support our decision to affirm his sentences.” Nukapigak, 576 P.2d at 983.

Nukapigak relied upon a California decision, People v. Chi Ko Wong, supra, and found that it is a defendant’s obligation to comply with “procedures to establish the claimed unreliability of materials properly submitted for the sentencing purposes; a mere claim of invalidity is insufficient.” Nukapigak, 576 P.2d at 984. A number of courts have held that, if a defendant does not present evidence or witnesses to contradict or otherwise rebut materials in a probation report, he is foreclosed from raising such issues on appeal. See Crowder, supra; Carter, supra.

This state to a certain extent adopted the general rule in In re Petition of Jerald M. Amor (1964), 143 Mont. 479, 389 P.2d 180, where the defendant, on a petition for a writ, alleged that he was not given the opportunity to refute evidence contained in the presentence investigation report. This Court declined to hear that argument reasoning that since the defendant was represented by competent counsel at sentencing, the defendant had an opportunity to refute or contradict the information in the report but chose not to do so.

This case is much like Amor. Here, appellant had the opportunity to refute or contradict the information that was contained in [42]*42the report. Both appellant and his counsel were presented with a copy of the report prior to the hearing. Appellant chose to offer no witnesses to rebut or contradict any information in the report. In fact, appellant neither testified nor offered witnesses on his behalf. While counsel for appellant did make mention to the court of certain points in the report that he thought were inaccurate or inconsistent, the court indicated that those matters would be taken into consideration in reaching its decision. Appellant did not meet his affirmative duty of presenting evidence or testimony to contradict or refute the matters alleged in the report as objectionable.

Appellant asserts that the report lacked any information as to “characteristics, circumstances, needs and potentialities” of appellant. We do not agree. Taken as a whole, the report is full of information regarding appellant’s characteristics and potential. Information of that nature is not only contained in appellant’s criminal history, but also contained in information regarding his physical condition and description; his family and social background; his educational, vocational, and marital histories; and summarized in the conclusion of the report.

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State v. Radi
604 P.2d 318 (Montana Supreme Court, 1979)

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Bluebook (online)
604 P.2d 318, 185 Mont. 38, 1979 Mont. LEXIS 975, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-radi-mont-1979.