1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 31,138
10 KENNETH POLSON,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OTERO COUNTY 13 James Waylon Counts, District Judge
14 Gary K. King, Attorney General 15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellee
17 Jacqueline L. Cooper, Acting Chief Public Defender 18 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender 19 Santa Fe, NM
20 for Appellant
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
22 VANZI, Judge. 1 Defendant appeals from the judgment and sentence convicting him after a jury
2 trial of robbery, larceny, aggravated battery, and criminal damage to property. [RP
3 227] Initially, Defendant challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support his
4 convictions. [DS 4] The calendar notice proposed summary affirmance. [Ct. App.
5 File, CN1] In the memorandum in opposition and a motion to amend the docketing
6 statement, Defendant also argues that defense counsel was ineffective and that his
7 double jeopardy rights were violated. We deny Defendant’s motion to amend the
8 docketing statement because, as discussed in this opinion, we find the new issues not
9 viable. See State v. Sommer, 118 N.M. 58, 60, 878 P.2d 1007, 1009 (Ct. App. 1994)
10 (denying the defendant’s motion to amend the docketing statement when the argument
11 offered in support thereof is not viable). We affirm Defendant’s convictions.
12 DISCUSSION
13 Sufficiency of the Evidence
14 Defendant continues to contend that the jury could not have found sufficient
15 evidence that Defendant was guilty on all counts beyond a reasonable doubt. [MIO
16 6-11] We affirm.
17 The memorandum confirms that the jury heard Williamson testify that
18 Defendant forced his way into the home, beat him, and stole and damaged his
19 property. [MIO 9-10] Williamson also identified his injuries and the damage to the
2 1 house and property in photographs taken by Officer Hanker. [Id.] The officer
2 testified that he took statements from Williamson and Defendant, who gave
3 conflicting versions of the events. [MIO 10] As we discussed in the calendar notice,
4 the jury was properly instructed on the elements of the offenses. [Ct. App. File, CN1,
5 3-4] The jury, as fact finder in the case, believed Williamson’s version of the facts
6 over Defendant’s. State v. Salgado, 1999-NMSC-008, ¶ 25, 126 N.M. 691, 974 P.2d
7 661 (stating that substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind
8 might accept as adequate to support a conclusion” (internal quotation marks and
9 citation omitted)); see also State v. Kent, 2006-NMCA-134, ¶ 10, 140 N.M. 606, 145
10 P.3d 86 (discussing that the appellate court views the evidence in the light most
11 favorable to the verdict, resolving all conflicts and indulging all reasonable inferences
12 in favor of the verdict).
13 To the extent that Defendant’s witnesses presented conflicting evidence, it is
14 well-established that “[c]ontrary evidence supporting acquittal does not provide a
15 basis for reversal because the jury is free to reject Defendant’s version of the facts.”
16 State v. Rojo, 1999-NMSC-001, ¶ 19, 126 N.M. 438, 971 P.2d 829. Moreover, “[t]he
17 reviewing court does not weigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for that of the
18 fact finder as long as there is sufficient evidence to support the verdict.” State v.
19 Mora, 1997-NMSC-060, ¶ 27, 124 N.M. 346, 950 P.2d 789, abrogated on other
3 1 grounds as recognized by Kersey v. Hatch, 2010-NMSC-020, 148 N.M. 381, 237 P.3d
2 683.
3 We hold that the State presented testimony and evidence that the jury could
4 reasonably find supported each of the elements of the charged crimes beyond a
5 reasonable doubt. Accordingly, we affirm Defendant’s convictions because they are
6 based on substantial evidence.
7 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
8 In the motion to amend, Defendant argues that his counsel was ineffective for
9 the following reasons: (1) defense counsel failed to recuse Judge Counts on conflict
10 of interest grounds; (2) he did not subpoena a number of witnesses that Defendant
11 listed for him; (3) the three witnesses defense counsel did call did not give the
12 complete picture of what happened and why; (4) defense counsel did not introduce
13 pawn shop receipts; (5) he did not introduce evidence that Williamson used a baseball
14 bat to attack Defendant; (6) he did not emphasize enough that Defendant’s hands were
15 uninjured when Defendant allegedly attacked Williamson with his hands; (7) and (8)
16 he did not try to impeach Williamson’s credibility with information that Williamson
17 stole and sold some of Defendant’s property to buy drugs, or that Williamson was
18 living in Defendant’s house, not Defendant’s mother’s house; (9) he did not seek to
19 introduce evidence that Williamson’s injuries were due to him falling on an octagonal
4 1 table; and (10) he did not cross-examine the officer on the many inconsistencies of the
2 officer’s testimony that contradicted Williamson’s testimony. [MIO 12-14]
3 There is a two-fold test for proving ineffective assistance of counsel: the
4 defendant must show (1) that counsel’s performance fell below that of a reasonably
5 competent attorney, and (2) that defendant was prejudiced by the deficient
6 performance. State v. Hester, 1999-NMSC-020, ¶ 9, 127 N.M. 218, 979 P.2d 729.
7 The burden of proof is on the defendant to prove both prongs. Id.
8 In the first calendar notice, we noted that at trial, two of Defendant’s witnesses
9 testified that Williamson was not the owner of the furniture or the scaffolding that he
10 alleged was taken from him. [DS 3] In addition, the person who accompanied
11 Defendant, Schroff, testified that they went to Williamson’s residence to retrieve
12 property that belonged to Defendant, and while there, Schroff saw property that
13 belonged to Defendant and Schroff. [Id.] Schroff further testified that they did not
14 enter the residence without Williamson’s permission. [Id.] Schroff also testified that
15 he did not witness Defendant battering Williamson. [Id.]
16 As we discussed in Issue I, however, the memorandum confirms that
17 Williamson testified that Defendant forced his way into the home, beat him, and stole
18 and damaged his property. [MIO 9-10] In addition, Williamson identified his injuries
19 and the damage to the house and property in photographs taken by Officer Hanker.
5 1 [Id.] The officer testified that he took statements from Williamson and Defendant
2 who gave conflicting versions of the events. [MIO 10] As we have discussed, the
3 jury, as fact finder in the case, found Williamson’s version of the facts to be credible,
4 and we do not reweigh or resolve conflicts in the facts on appeal.
5 To the extent Defendant claims that defense counsel should have recused Judge
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1 This memorandum opinion was not selected for publication in the New Mexico Reports. Please 2 see Rule 12-405 NMRA for restrictions on the citation of unpublished memorandum opinions. 3 Please also note that this electronic memorandum opinion may contain computer-generated 4 errors or other deviations from the official paper version filed by the Court of Appeals and does 5 not include the filing date. 6 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO
7 STATE OF NEW MEXICO,
8 Plaintiff-Appellee,
9 v. NO. 31,138
10 KENNETH POLSON,
11 Defendant-Appellant.
12 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF OTERO COUNTY 13 James Waylon Counts, District Judge
14 Gary K. King, Attorney General 15 Santa Fe, NM
16 for Appellee
17 Jacqueline L. Cooper, Acting Chief Public Defender 18 Kathleen T. Baldridge, Assistant Appellate Defender 19 Santa Fe, NM
20 for Appellant
21 MEMORANDUM OPINION
22 VANZI, Judge. 1 Defendant appeals from the judgment and sentence convicting him after a jury
2 trial of robbery, larceny, aggravated battery, and criminal damage to property. [RP
3 227] Initially, Defendant challenged the sufficiency of the evidence to support his
4 convictions. [DS 4] The calendar notice proposed summary affirmance. [Ct. App.
5 File, CN1] In the memorandum in opposition and a motion to amend the docketing
6 statement, Defendant also argues that defense counsel was ineffective and that his
7 double jeopardy rights were violated. We deny Defendant’s motion to amend the
8 docketing statement because, as discussed in this opinion, we find the new issues not
9 viable. See State v. Sommer, 118 N.M. 58, 60, 878 P.2d 1007, 1009 (Ct. App. 1994)
10 (denying the defendant’s motion to amend the docketing statement when the argument
11 offered in support thereof is not viable). We affirm Defendant’s convictions.
12 DISCUSSION
13 Sufficiency of the Evidence
14 Defendant continues to contend that the jury could not have found sufficient
15 evidence that Defendant was guilty on all counts beyond a reasonable doubt. [MIO
16 6-11] We affirm.
17 The memorandum confirms that the jury heard Williamson testify that
18 Defendant forced his way into the home, beat him, and stole and damaged his
19 property. [MIO 9-10] Williamson also identified his injuries and the damage to the
2 1 house and property in photographs taken by Officer Hanker. [Id.] The officer
2 testified that he took statements from Williamson and Defendant, who gave
3 conflicting versions of the events. [MIO 10] As we discussed in the calendar notice,
4 the jury was properly instructed on the elements of the offenses. [Ct. App. File, CN1,
5 3-4] The jury, as fact finder in the case, believed Williamson’s version of the facts
6 over Defendant’s. State v. Salgado, 1999-NMSC-008, ¶ 25, 126 N.M. 691, 974 P.2d
7 661 (stating that substantial evidence is “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind
8 might accept as adequate to support a conclusion” (internal quotation marks and
9 citation omitted)); see also State v. Kent, 2006-NMCA-134, ¶ 10, 140 N.M. 606, 145
10 P.3d 86 (discussing that the appellate court views the evidence in the light most
11 favorable to the verdict, resolving all conflicts and indulging all reasonable inferences
12 in favor of the verdict).
13 To the extent that Defendant’s witnesses presented conflicting evidence, it is
14 well-established that “[c]ontrary evidence supporting acquittal does not provide a
15 basis for reversal because the jury is free to reject Defendant’s version of the facts.”
16 State v. Rojo, 1999-NMSC-001, ¶ 19, 126 N.M. 438, 971 P.2d 829. Moreover, “[t]he
17 reviewing court does not weigh the evidence or substitute its judgment for that of the
18 fact finder as long as there is sufficient evidence to support the verdict.” State v.
19 Mora, 1997-NMSC-060, ¶ 27, 124 N.M. 346, 950 P.2d 789, abrogated on other
3 1 grounds as recognized by Kersey v. Hatch, 2010-NMSC-020, 148 N.M. 381, 237 P.3d
2 683.
3 We hold that the State presented testimony and evidence that the jury could
4 reasonably find supported each of the elements of the charged crimes beyond a
5 reasonable doubt. Accordingly, we affirm Defendant’s convictions because they are
6 based on substantial evidence.
7 Ineffective Assistance of Counsel
8 In the motion to amend, Defendant argues that his counsel was ineffective for
9 the following reasons: (1) defense counsel failed to recuse Judge Counts on conflict
10 of interest grounds; (2) he did not subpoena a number of witnesses that Defendant
11 listed for him; (3) the three witnesses defense counsel did call did not give the
12 complete picture of what happened and why; (4) defense counsel did not introduce
13 pawn shop receipts; (5) he did not introduce evidence that Williamson used a baseball
14 bat to attack Defendant; (6) he did not emphasize enough that Defendant’s hands were
15 uninjured when Defendant allegedly attacked Williamson with his hands; (7) and (8)
16 he did not try to impeach Williamson’s credibility with information that Williamson
17 stole and sold some of Defendant’s property to buy drugs, or that Williamson was
18 living in Defendant’s house, not Defendant’s mother’s house; (9) he did not seek to
19 introduce evidence that Williamson’s injuries were due to him falling on an octagonal
4 1 table; and (10) he did not cross-examine the officer on the many inconsistencies of the
2 officer’s testimony that contradicted Williamson’s testimony. [MIO 12-14]
3 There is a two-fold test for proving ineffective assistance of counsel: the
4 defendant must show (1) that counsel’s performance fell below that of a reasonably
5 competent attorney, and (2) that defendant was prejudiced by the deficient
6 performance. State v. Hester, 1999-NMSC-020, ¶ 9, 127 N.M. 218, 979 P.2d 729.
7 The burden of proof is on the defendant to prove both prongs. Id.
8 In the first calendar notice, we noted that at trial, two of Defendant’s witnesses
9 testified that Williamson was not the owner of the furniture or the scaffolding that he
10 alleged was taken from him. [DS 3] In addition, the person who accompanied
11 Defendant, Schroff, testified that they went to Williamson’s residence to retrieve
12 property that belonged to Defendant, and while there, Schroff saw property that
13 belonged to Defendant and Schroff. [Id.] Schroff further testified that they did not
14 enter the residence without Williamson’s permission. [Id.] Schroff also testified that
15 he did not witness Defendant battering Williamson. [Id.]
16 As we discussed in Issue I, however, the memorandum confirms that
17 Williamson testified that Defendant forced his way into the home, beat him, and stole
18 and damaged his property. [MIO 9-10] In addition, Williamson identified his injuries
19 and the damage to the house and property in photographs taken by Officer Hanker.
5 1 [Id.] The officer testified that he took statements from Williamson and Defendant
2 who gave conflicting versions of the events. [MIO 10] As we have discussed, the
3 jury, as fact finder in the case, found Williamson’s version of the facts to be credible,
4 and we do not reweigh or resolve conflicts in the facts on appeal.
5 To the extent Defendant claims that defense counsel should have recused Judge
6 Counts for a conflict of interest, presented more witnesses, and placed more emphasis
7 on Defendant’s defenses, we note that the three witnesses defense counsel did present
8 addressed Defendant’s defenses, which were that the property was not stolen because
9 it was Defendant’s property, and Defendant did not force his way into the home and
10 beat or injure Williamson. The decisions of which witnesses to call and what
11 testimony provides the requisite defense emphasis are strategy decisions that we do
12 not review on direct appeal. See State v. Jacobs, 2000-NMSC-026, ¶ 48, 129 N.M.
13 448, 10 P.3d 127 (stating that counsel is presumed competent); see also Lytle v.
14 Jordan, 2001-NMSC-016, ¶ 43, 130 N.M. 198, 22 P.3d 666 (“On appeal, we will not
15 second guess the trial strategy and tactics of the defense counsel.” (internal quotation
16 marks and citation omitted)). Moreover, Defendant’s discussions with defense
17 counsel as to which witnesses and evidence to call and which are most effective for
18 the defenses are not matters of record on direct appeal. See State v. Roybal,
19 2002-NMSC-027, ¶ 19, 132 N.M. 657, 54 P.3d 61 (stating that if facts necessary to
6 1 a full determination are not part of the record, an ineffective assistance claim is more
2 properly brought through a habeas corpus petition). Finally, to the extent Defendant
3 argues that defense counsel should have recused Judge Counts for a conflict of
4 interest, Defendant does not indicate what the conflict of interest was nor the basis for
5 defense counsel’s decision not to recuse him, and thus we have no way of assessing
6 the merits of these allegations on direct appeal. See id.
7 We hold that Defendant has not made a prima facie case for ineffective
8 assistance of counsel and, therefore, we affirm on this issue on direct appeal. State v.
9 Grogan, 2007-NMSC-039, ¶ 9, 142 N.M. 107, 163 P.3d 494 (expressing a preference
10 for habeas corpus proceedings to address ineffective assistance of counsel claims).
11 Double Jeopardy
12 In the motion to amend, Defendant also argues that his double jeopardy rights
13 were violated by his conviction for larceny and robbery. [MIO 16] We are not
14 persuaded.
15 In State v. Bernal, 2006-NMSC-050, ¶ 28, 140 N.M. 644, 146 P.3d 289, our
16 Supreme Court discussed that this Court has previously recognized that “robbery is
17 distinct from larceny because it requires, and is designed to punish, the element of
18 force.” See State v. Brown, 113 N.M. 631, 634, 830 P.2d 183, 186 (Ct. App. 1992);
19 see also UJI 14-1620 Committee commentary (“The gist of the offense of robbery is
7 1 the use of force or intimidation.”); State v. Hernandez, 2003-NMCA-131, ¶ 9, 134
2 N.M. 510, 79 P.3d 1118 (“A robbery conviction requires that the force or threatened
3 use of force must be the lever that serves to separate the property from the victim.”
4 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted.)). In Bernal, we further stated that the
5 two crimes are distinct: “Since robbery generally carries a heavier punishment than
6 larceny, the robbery statute clearly is designed to protect citizens from violence.
7 Compare NMSA 1978, § 30-16-1 (2006) with § 30-16-2.” Bernal, 2006-NMSC-050,
8 ¶ 28. That is, “[r]obbery is not merely a property crime, but a crime against a person.”
9 Id. We hold that Defendant’s double jeopardy rights were not violated by his
10 convictions in this case for robbery and larceny.
11 CONCLUSION
12 We affirm Defendant’s convictions.
13 IT IS SO ORDERED.
14 __________________________________ 15 LINDA M. VANZI, Judge
16 WE CONCUR:
8 1 _________________________________ 2 CELIA FOY CASTILLO, Chief Judge
3 _________________________________ 4 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge