State v. Plumlee

Opinion

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1 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO 2 STATE OF NEW MEXICO, 3 Plaintiff-Appellee, 4 v. NO. 34,612 5 DANIEL CHRISTOPHER PLUMLEE, 6 Defendant-Appellant.

7 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF LEA COUNTY 8 Gary L. Clingman, District Judge

9 Hector H. Balderas, Attorney General 10 Santa Fe, NM

11 for Appellee

12 Gary C. Mitchell, P.C. 13 Gary C. Mitchell 14 Ruidoso, NM

15 for Appellant 16 MEMORANDUM OPINION 17 ZAMORA, Judge. 18 {1} Defendant appeals from the district court’s judgment and sentence, entered 19 following a jury trial at which he was convicted of homicide by vehicle and 20 obstructing, evading, or resisting arrest. This Court issued a calendar notice proposing

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1 to summarily affirm in part, and to reverse in part. Defendant filed a memorandum in 2 opposition to this Court’s notice of proposed disposition, which we have duly 3 considered. Unpersuaded, we affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand to the district 4 court for resentencing. 5 {2} Defendant raised three issues on appeal: (1) whether Defendant was 6 incompetent to stand trial; (2) whether there was sufficient evidence to support the 7 homicide by vehicle conviction; and (3) whether the district court erred in determining 8 that homicide by vehicle was a serious violent offense under the circumstances of this 9 case. [DS 6-10] 10 {3} In our notice of proposed disposition, we recognized Defendant’s assertion that 11 he was incompetent to stand trial, apparently based on two forensic evaluations he 12 underwent—one in 2008 and the other in 2013—in which the providers recommended 13 that Defendant be found not competent to stand trial. [CN 2-3] We noted that 14 following the 2013 evaluation—conducted in connection with the current case—the 15 district court committed Defendant to the New Mexico Behavioral Health Institute 16 (NMBHI) for a dangerousness evaluation. [CN 3] See NMSA 1978, § 31-9-1.2 17 (1999). We observed that following Defendant’s dangerousness evaluation at 18 NMBHI, the district court entered a stipulated order of competency. [CN 3] We noted 19 that Defendant’s docketing statement provided scant details regarding the stipulated

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1 order, but we observed that Defendant did not appear to challenge the propriety of that 2 order, nor did he indicate why we should go beyond that order in reviewing the district 3 court’s finding of competency. [CN 3-4] Thus, we proposed to conclude that 4 Defendant had not met his burden on this issue on appeal, and we proposed to affirm. 5 [CN 4] See State v. Aragon, 1999-NMCA-060, ¶ 10, 127 N.M. 393, 981 P.2d 1211 6 (stating that there is a presumption of correctness in the rulings or decisions of the trial 7 court, and the party claiming error bears the burden of showing such error); see also 8 Farmers, Inc. v. Dal Mach. & Fabricating, Inc., 1990-NMSC-100, ¶ 8, 111 N.M. 6, 9 800 P.2d 1063 (stating that the burden is on the appellant to clearly demonstrate that 10 the trial court erred). 11 {4} Notably, in his memorandum in opposition, Defendant does not point to any 12 specific errors in law or fact in our calendar notice on this issue. See Hennessy v. 13 Duryea, 1998-NMCA-036, ¶ 24, 124 N.M. 754, 955 P.2d 683 (“Our courts have 14 repeatedly held that, in summary calendar cases, the burden is on the party opposing 15 the proposed disposition to clearly point out errors in fact or law.”). Instead, 16 Defendant now argues that he received ineffective assistance of counsel when his trial 17 counsel failed to challenge the findings from NMBHI and stipulated to Defendant’s 18 competency. [MIO 2-3] To the extent that we consider the addition of this issue to be 19 a motion to amend the docketing statement pursuant to Rule 12-208(F) NMRA, we

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1 conclude that Defendant has not demonstrated a prima facie case of ineffective 2 assistance of counsel; consequently, this claim is more properly brought through a 3 petition for habeas corpus. See State v. Roybal, 2002-NMSC-027, ¶ 19, 132 N.M. 657, 4 54 P.3d 61 (“When an ineffective assistance claim is first raised on direct appeal, we 5 evaluate the facts that are part of the record. If facts necessary to a full determination 6 are not part of the record, an ineffective assistance claim is more properly brought 7 through a habeas corpus petition, although an appellate court may remand a case for 8 an evidentiary hearing if the defendant makes a prima facie case of ineffective 9 assistance.”); State v. Aker, 2005-NMCA-063, ¶ 34, 137 N.M. 561, 113 P.3d 384 (“To 10 establish a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel, [the d]efendant must 11 show that (1) counsel’s performance was deficient in that it ‘fell below an objective 12 standard of reasonableness’; and (2) that [the d]efendant suffered prejudice in that 13 there is ‘a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the 14 result of the proceeding would have been different.’ ” (quoting Lytle v. Jordan, 15 2001-NMSC-016, ¶¶ 26-27, 130 N.M. 198, 22 P.3d 666)). 16 {5} Next, Defendant challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support his 17 conviction for homicide by vehicle. [MIO 3-9] In order to convict Defendant, the State 18 was required to present evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that “[(1) D]efendant 19 operated a motor vehicle in a reckless manner[,]” and that “[(2) D]efendant thereby

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1 caused the death of Dawn Gwynne.” [CN 4; RP 107] See State v. Smith, 1986-NMCA- 2 089, ¶ 7, 104 N.M. 729, 726 P.2d 883 (“Jury instructions become the law of the case 3 against which the sufficiency of the evidence is to be measured.”). The jury was 4 further instructed that in order to find that Defendant operated a motor vehicle in a 5 reckless manner, it must find that Defendant “drove with willful disregard of the 6 safety of others and at a speed or in a manner that endangered or was likely to 7 endanger any person.” [CN 4-5; RP 109] We observed in our calendar notice that—in 8 his docketing statement—Defendant did not provide information about any testimony 9 regarding the circumstances surrounding the actual accident that resulted in the death 10 of the victim. [CN 5] Thus, we suggested that Defendant had not provided this Court 11 with sufficient information to apply our standard of review. [CN 5] See State v. 12 Cunningham, 2000-NMSC-009, ¶ 26, 128 N.M. 711, 998 P.2d 176 (“In reviewing the 13 sufficiency of the evidence, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to 14 the guilty verdict, indulging all reasonable inferences and resolving all conflicts in the 15 evidence in favor of the verdict.”). 16 {6} In his memorandum in opposition, Defendant has provided us with more detail 17 regarding the facts presented at trial. It appears that testimony was adduced that: (1) 18 a dark colored, midsize car drove through an intersection—running the stop sign—and 19 was hit by a motorcycle; (2) the car did not stop following the accident; (3) a be-on-

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1 the-lookout (BOLO) was issued for the car; (4) Hobbs Chief of Police McCall 2 observed a car matching the BOLO, with damage to the rear quarter panel, entering 3 the street from a gas station parking lot; (5) Chief McCall pulled behind the car—a 4 Mazda driven by Defendant—and activated his emergency lights; (6) the Mazda did 5 not stop, but instead drove through a number of stop signs without slowing down; (7) 6 the Mazda drove the wrong way on a street for a short period of time; and (8) the 7 Mazda was involved in an accident in an intersection—after again running the stop 8 sign—apparently resulting in the death of the vehicle’s passenger. [MIO 3-6] 9 {7} Defendant also asserts that several facts were presented at trial in his favor, 10 including: (1) other than one eyewitness who observed the first accident from two 11 blocks away, no one identified Defendant or his vehicle as being involved in the first 12 accident; (2) Chief McCall testified that the Mazda initially slowed down in response 13 to the activation of his emergency lights, but then sped up; (3) Chief McCall also 14 testified that the Mazda sounded as if it was having mechanical problems; (4) the 15 Mazda did not travel at high speeds; and (5) Defendant testified that his passenger, 16 Gwynne, had an outstanding warrant, and—in order to ensure that Defendant did not 17 pull over for the police—stretched her leg over the middle console of the car and 18 began pressing on the accelerator while Defendant attempted to brake. [MIO 4-6]

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1 {8} Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the guilty verdict, we 2 conclude that there was substantial evidence for the jury to conclude that Defendant 3 drove his Mazda with willful disregard of the safety of others in a manner that 4 endangered or was likely to endanger any person when he drove through a number of 5 stop signs while fleeing from police, apparently driving the wrong way for a period 6 of time, and that this ultimately resulted in the death of Gwynne. To the extent that 7 Defendant relies on an alternate theory—that Gwynne was to blame for the reckless 8 driving—to support his contention that there was insufficient evidence to support the 9 conviction, we note that the jury was free to reject his version of what happened. See 10 State v. Foxen, 2001-NMCA-061, ¶ 17, 130 N.M. 670, 29 P.3d 1071 (providing that 11 conflicts in the evidence, including conflicts in the testimony of witnesses are to be 12 resolved by the fact-finder; stating that the fact-finder is free to reject the defendant’s 13 version of events). Therefore, we conclude that Defendant’s conviction for homicide 14 by vehicle was supported by sufficient evidence. 15 {9} Finally, Defendant contends that the district court erred in determining that his 16 homicide by vehicle conviction constituted a serious violent offense for purposes of 17 the Earned Meritorious Deduction Act (EMDA), NMSA 1978, § 33-2-34 (2006, 18 amended 2015). [DS 6; MIO 9-13] In our calendar notice, we noted that the charge of 19 third degree homicide by vehicle is enumerated in the EMDA as a discretionary

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1 serious violent offense that can be a “serious violent offense if the trial court so 2 determines, based upon the nature of the offense and the resulting harm.” [CN 6-7] 3 State v. Wildgrube, 2003-NMCA-108, ¶ 36, 134 N.M. 262, 75 P.3d 862 (alteration, 4 internal quotation marks, and citation omitted); see § 33-2-34(L)(4)(o). We further 5 observed that the district court did not make any findings in the present case, and the 6 judgment and sentence simply refers to “[Section] 33-2-34” as justification for the 7 serious violent offense designation. [CN 7] Consequently, we proposed to reverse the 8 portion of Defendant’s sentence imposed pursuant to the district court’s finding that 9 the homicide by vehicle was a serious violent offense under Section 33-2-34(L)(4)(o), 10 and to remand to the district court to enter more detailed findings in support of its 11 determination. [CN 8] See State v. Solano, 2009-NMCA-098, ¶ 10, 146 N.M. 831, 215 12 P.3d 769 (“In order to designate the conduct of a particular defendant as a serious 13 violent offense under the discretionary category, the district court must determine that 14 the crime was committed in a physically violent manner either with an intent to do 15 serious harm or with recklessness in the face of knowledge that one’s acts are 16 reasonably likely to result in serious harm.” (internal quotation marks and citation 17 omitted)); see also State v. Morales, 2002-NMCA-016, ¶¶ 17-18, 131 N.M. 530, 39 18 P.3d 747 (holding that the factual basis for designation of a serious violent offense 19 must be reflected in findings made by the district court).

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1 {10} Defendant’s memorandum in opposition simply reiterates his argument that the 2 district court erred in determining that his homicide by vehicle was a serious violent 3 offense. [MIO 9-13] Notably, Defendant’s sole challenge to the analysis in our 4 calendar notice is his contention that this Court should apply a de novo review of the 5 facts of this case as they apply to the serious violent offense determination, without 6 the district court having first made findings on this matter. [MIO 12-13] We decline 7 to do so. See Morales, 2002-NMCA-016, ¶ 18 (stating that it is for the trial court in 8 the first instance to make the required findings). 9 {11} Therefore, for the reasons stated in this Opinion, as well as those provided in 10 our calendar notice, we affirm Defendant’s convictions and remand for resentencing 11 in accordance with this Opinion. 12 {12} IT IS SO ORDERED.

13 14 M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge

15 WE CONCUR:

16 17 JAMES J. WECHSLER, Judge

18 19 TIMOTHY L. GARCIA, Judge