State v. Peterson

2023 Ohio 3544
Ohio Court of Appeals·Decided September 29, 2023·No. WD-22-061·Published·Cited by 2 cases

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Peterson, 2023-Ohio-3544.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY

State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. WD-22-061

Appellee Trial Court No. 2020CR0364

v.

Cortez Peterson DECISION AND JUDGMENT

Appellant Decided: September 29, 2023

*****

Paul A. Dobson, Wood County Prosecuting Attorney, and David T. Harold, Chief Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.

Michael H. Stahl, for appellant.

MAYLE, J.

{¶ 1} Appellant, Cortez Peterson, appeals the judgment of the Wood County Court

of Common Pleas, following a jury trial, convicting him of both trafficking in, and

possession of, a fentanyl-related compound with a major drug offender specification. For

the following reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment. I. Background

{¶ 2} On August 11, 2020, Ohio State Highway Patrol Trooper Garrett Lawson

conducted a traffic stop of Peterson as he was traveling southbound on Interstate 75 near

Bowling Green in Wood County, Ohio. The circumstances of the stop led to a search of

the vehicle, which uncovered two plastic bags containing a combined weight of over 100

grams of fentanyl and acetyl fentanyl.

{¶ 3} On October 22, 2020, the Wood County Grand Jury indicted Peterson on

one count of trafficking in a fentanyl-related compound in violation of R.C.

2925.03(A)(2) and (C)(9)(h) with a major drug offender specification under R.C.

2941.1410(B), a felony of the first degree; one count of possession of a fentanyl-related

compound in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A) and (C)(11)(g) with a major drug offender

specification under R.C. 2941.1410(A), a felony of the first degree; and two counts of

resisting arrest in violation of R.C. 2921.33(B) and (D), misdemeanors of the first degree.

{¶ 4} Peterson entered an initial plea of not guilty and the matter proceeded to a

pretrial on April 16, 2021. Peterson failed to appear for the pretrial and a warrant was

issued for his arrest. Near the end of September 2021, Peterson was apprehended and his

bond was revoked.

{¶ 5} On October 21, 2021, Peterson moved to suppress the evidence resulting

from the traffic stop. In his motion, Peterson argued that Trooper Lawson lacked a

reasonable, articulable suspicion that he violated the law; thus, the traffic stop was

unjustified. Lawson had identified that Peterson violated R.C. 4511.33(A)(1), which

2. provides that “A vehicle or trackless trolley shall be driven, as nearly as is practicable,

entirely within a single lane or line of traffic and shall not be moved from such lane or

line until the driver has first ascertained that such movement can be made with safety.”

However, Peterson argued that the dash camera video showed no such violation, but

rather showed Peterson making a lane change, at a reasonable rate, from the left-hand

lane into the middle lane, and again from the middle lane into the right-hand lane, and

then into the exit lane. Peterson also alleged that the video showed adequate space

existed between his vehicle and the vehicles around him. He concluded that “no prudent

or reasonable officer would believe that a violation had occurred under the

circumstances.”1

{¶ 6} The trial court held a hearing on Peterson’s suppression motion on April 6,

2022. At the hearing, Trooper Lawson testified that on August 11, 2020, at

approximately 11:00 a.m., he was stationed in the center median observing southbound

traffic on Interstate 75 near mile marker 185 when he saw a white minivan approaching

in the left lane. The minivan had California license plates, no license plate bracket, was

clean, and did not look “traveled.” Peterson was the only occupant of the vehicle and

Lawson observed that he was sitting straight up in his seat in a rigid position with his left

1 Peterson’s suppression motion also argued that the subsequent warrantless search of the vehicle was unconstitutional. The trial court ruled that Peterson lacked standing to object to the search because he abandoned the vehicle when he fled on foot from the officers and ran across four lanes of traffic. Peterson does not challenge the trial court’s ruling on the constitutionality of the search of the vehicle on appeal. Thus, this decision will not focus on that aspect of his motion to suppress.

3. arm locked out at the ten o’clock position on the steering wheel. Peterson was staring

straight ahead and had a worried look on his face. Lawson checked the speed of the

minivan and it was travelling 72 m.p.h. in a 70 m.p.h. zone. He stated he was curious

why Peterson would have an “oh shoot” moment since there was no excessive speed

violation.

{¶ 7} Given the circumstances, Lawson suspected that the minivan was a rental

vehicle coming from the Michigan area. He testified, “What I normally see on 75 is --

when it pertains to drug trafficking -- a clean vehicle southbound is usually coming out of

Detroit. That’s just -- I initiate hundreds of cases on 75, usually around a hundred a year,

and about a third to 40 percent of those are felony drug cases.”

{¶ 8} He then pulled into traffic and began catching up to Peterson’s vehicle. As

he was approaching, Lawson observed Peterson make an abrupt lane change from the left

lane to the middle lane in between two vehicles, which caused the rear vehicle “to slam

on his brakes.” Lawson noted that there was no reason for the lane changed based on the

traffic flow. He testified that the abrupt lane change without assuring adequate space

between the vehicles violated R.C. 4511.33.

{¶ 9} Lawson testified that a second violation occurred as Peterson took the exit

from southbound Interstate 75 onto Wooster St. According to Lawson, Peterson

activated his turn signal contemporaneously with his movement into the exit lane. Under

R.C. 4511.39, the turn signal must be given not less than 100 feet before the turn. A third

4. violation occurred when Peterson failed to maintain a safe distance between himself and

the car in front of him on the exit ramp.

{¶ 10} As Peterson was on the exit ramp, Lawson turned on his overhead lights

and initiated a traffic stop. Peterson complied and pulled the minivan into an abandoned

gas station. Lawson testified that he approached the passenger’s side of the minivan and

noticed an air freshener hanging in the rear passenger area, which he explained he often

sees when the driver is trying to mask an odor, typically marijuana. Peterson rolled the

front passenger window down about a third of the way, which Lawson stated was another

way that drivers will try to mask an odor. Nonetheless, Lawson detected a strong odor of

burnt marijuana coming from the vehicle. Upon inquiry, Peterson stated that he did not

have his driver’s license, did not know his social security number, and was unable to

provide his birthdate. In Lawson’s experience that indicated that Peterson was trying to

hide his identity. Additionally, Peterson stated that his girlfriend rented the minivan,

which Lawson testified was typical in a drug trafficking situation.

{¶ 11} Lawson asked Peterson to step out of the vehicle and initially Peterson

refused but he ultimately complied. Lawson then escorted Peterson to the back of his

patrol cruiser so that he could ascertain Peterson’s identity. Peterson asked if he had to

get into the back seat and Lawson said “Yes.” At that point, Peterson pulled away from

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

State v. Peterson, 2023 Ohio 3544 (Ohio Ct. App. 2023).

2023 Ohio 3544 (State v. Peterson) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

State v. Quinn
Ohio Court of Appeals, 2026
State v. Bracey
2025 Ohio 2133 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2025)
State v. Johnson
2024 Ohio 5623 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 2024)