[Cite as State v. Ogle, 2017-Ohio-869.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT HOCKING COUNTY
State of Ohio, : Case No. 16CA22
Plaintiff-Appellee, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY v. :
Melanie A. Ogle, :
Defendant-Appellant. : RELEASED: 3/06/2017
______________________________________________________________________
HARSHA, A.J.,
{¶1} Appellant Melanie A. Ogle appealed an order terminating a prior
probation/community control order, discharging her from probation/community control, and
restoring her to all civil rights unless otherwise prohibited by law. (Hocking County Court of
Common Pleas Case No. 09CR0125, Order of Court, Oct. 5, 2016) The state filed a
motion to dismiss arguing that the order is not a final appealable order. Ogle opposed the
motion, arguing that the order was an implicit denial of her pending postconviction relief
petition. We dismiss Ogle’s appeal because the order appealed from is not a final
appealable order. Moreover, we have previously held that Ogle has waived her right to
appeal her community control sanction. We GRANT the state’s motion and DISMISS this
appeal because the entry appealed from is not a final, appealable order.
I. Procedural History
{¶2} In September 2011, Ogle was sentenced to three years of community control
as part of her sentence on felony assault conviction. Later, due to damage she inflicted on
an ankle monitor, the trial court found her guilty of criminal damaging and, as part of a Hocking App. No. 16CA22 2
plea bargain, sentenced her to thirty (30) days in jail, all suspended. She was also placed
on non-reporting probation for eighteen (18) months, ordered to make restitution of
$1,300.00, and ordered to pay court costs. Ogle also agreed to a two-year extension of
her prior three-year community control sanction stemming from her assault conviction. As
a result, Ogle’s community control, which started in September 2011 had a total five-year
term expiring in September 2016. Ogle appealed and we affirmed the trial court’s
judgment. State v. Ogle, 4th Dist. Hocking Nos. 11CA29, 11CA32, 12CA2, 12CA11,
12CA12, 12CA19, 2013-Ohio-3420, ¶ 78-79, 82, 99, 104.
{¶3} We held that the two-year extension of community control was part of a plea
bargain and was not subject to review under R.C. 2953.08(D):
Community control was imposed as part of Appellant's sentence for felony assault. It was imposed pursuant to plea negotiations which also resolved a misdemeanor charge. Community control as part of a felony sentence may not exceed five years. R.C. 2929.15(A)(1). Similarly, community control as part of a misdemeanor sentence may not exceed five years. R.C. 2929.25(2). The record reflects this was an agreed sentence and our review indicates it is not contrary to law. We agree Appellant waived her right to appeal. As such, we affirm the judgment of the trial court and overrule this assignment of error.
Id. at ¶ 104. A comprehensive procedural history of this case and other related cases is
set forth in the 2013 Ogle, supra, decision.
{¶4} More recently, in September 2016, Ogle filed a postconviction relief petition
challenging the September 2011 conviction and sentence. The state opposed the petition
and, according to the court docket, the trial court had not yet ruled on Ogle’s petition when
she filed this appeal.
{¶5} Also in September 2016, Ogle’s extended community control sanction
expired and the trial court entered an order terminating it that stated: “Considered and
Ordered this 26 day of September, 2016 that the probation order entered on the 27 day of Hocking App. No. 16CA22 3
September, 2011 [and journalized on the 28th] pertaining to the above named probationer
be terminated, that he/she be discharged from probation, and restored to all civil rights,
unless otherwise prohibited by law.”
{¶6} Ogle appealed the trial court’s order discharging her from community control.
II. Legal Analysis
{¶7} The trial court’s entry terminating community control sanctions and
discharging Ogle is not a final appealable order. Appellate courts in Ohio have jurisdiction
to review the final orders or judgments of inferior courts within their district. Section
3(B)(2), Article IV of the Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2501.02. A final appealable order is one
that affects a “substantial right” and either determines the action or is entered in a special
proceeding. R.C. 2505.02(B)(1) & (2). If a judgment is not final and appealable, then an
appellate court has no jurisdiction to review the matter and must dismiss the appeal.
Production Credit Assn. v. Hedges, 87 Ohio App.3d 207, 210 at fn. 2 (4th Dist. 1993);
Kouns v. Pemberton, 84 Ohio App. 3d 499, 501 (4th Dist. 1992). “Special proceeding”
means “an action or proceeding that is specially created by statute and that prior to 1853
was not denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity.” R.C. 2505.02(A)(2).
{¶8} Community control proceedings are created by statute and set forth in R.C.
2929.15. Like judicial release, community control proceedings are special proceedings.
See State v. Dowler, 4th Dist. Athens No. 15CA7, 2015-Ohio-5027, ¶14-17 (discussing
judicial release and its predecessor, shock probation). Thus, orders revoking community
control and imposing a sentence are final appealable orders because the order is made in
a special proceeding and affects a substantial right. See, generally, In re G.S., 4th Dist.
Pike No. 14CA852, 2015-Ohio-1285, ¶14-15.
{¶9} However, not all orders arising out of community control proceedings affect a Hocking App. No. 16CA22 4
substantial right. “An order affects a substantial right for the purposes of R.C.
2505.02(B)(2) only if an immediate appeal is necessary to protect the right effectively.”
Wilhelm-Kissinger v. Kissinger, 129 Ohio St.3d 90, 2011-Ohio-2317, 950 N.E.2d 516, ¶ 7.
Covered rights include any “right that the United States Constitution, the Ohio Constitution,
a statute, the common law, or a rule of procedure entitles a person to enforce or protect.”
R.C. 2505.02(A)(1).
{¶10} In State v. Ogle, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 14CA17, 2014-Ohio-4868, we held
that an order denying Ogle's motion to terminate her community control was not a final
appealable order because her motion was an attempt to correct or modify her sentence.
Trial courts lack any statutory authority to terminate community control outside the
statutory framework provided in R.C. 2929.15(C). See State v. Castillo, 2d Dist.
Montgomery App. No. 24022, 2011–Ohio–1821 (holding that trial court has no power
modify a sentence to terminate community control except under R.C. 2929.15(C) where
the offender, “for a significant period of time, fulfills the conditions of a sanction in an
exemplary manner”). Ogle sought to terminate the community control because she argued
it was an unlawful sanction, not pursuant to R.C. 2929.15(C). Thus, we held that the trial
court had no authority to terminate the sanction and the order denying her motion was not
a final, appealable order. Additionally, we held that Ogle's argument that her community
control sanction was unlawful could have been, and was, raised on direct appeal.
Therefore, we declined to treat Ogle's motion for termination of unlawful community
control as a postconviction relief petition. Id. at ¶ 4-8.
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[Cite as State v. Ogle, 2017-Ohio-869.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT HOCKING COUNTY
State of Ohio, : Case No. 16CA22
Plaintiff-Appellee, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY v. :
Melanie A. Ogle, :
Defendant-Appellant. : RELEASED: 3/06/2017
______________________________________________________________________
HARSHA, A.J.,
{¶1} Appellant Melanie A. Ogle appealed an order terminating a prior
probation/community control order, discharging her from probation/community control, and
restoring her to all civil rights unless otherwise prohibited by law. (Hocking County Court of
Common Pleas Case No. 09CR0125, Order of Court, Oct. 5, 2016) The state filed a
motion to dismiss arguing that the order is not a final appealable order. Ogle opposed the
motion, arguing that the order was an implicit denial of her pending postconviction relief
petition. We dismiss Ogle’s appeal because the order appealed from is not a final
appealable order. Moreover, we have previously held that Ogle has waived her right to
appeal her community control sanction. We GRANT the state’s motion and DISMISS this
appeal because the entry appealed from is not a final, appealable order.
I. Procedural History
{¶2} In September 2011, Ogle was sentenced to three years of community control
as part of her sentence on felony assault conviction. Later, due to damage she inflicted on
an ankle monitor, the trial court found her guilty of criminal damaging and, as part of a Hocking App. No. 16CA22 2
plea bargain, sentenced her to thirty (30) days in jail, all suspended. She was also placed
on non-reporting probation for eighteen (18) months, ordered to make restitution of
$1,300.00, and ordered to pay court costs. Ogle also agreed to a two-year extension of
her prior three-year community control sanction stemming from her assault conviction. As
a result, Ogle’s community control, which started in September 2011 had a total five-year
term expiring in September 2016. Ogle appealed and we affirmed the trial court’s
judgment. State v. Ogle, 4th Dist. Hocking Nos. 11CA29, 11CA32, 12CA2, 12CA11,
12CA12, 12CA19, 2013-Ohio-3420, ¶ 78-79, 82, 99, 104.
{¶3} We held that the two-year extension of community control was part of a plea
bargain and was not subject to review under R.C. 2953.08(D):
Community control was imposed as part of Appellant's sentence for felony assault. It was imposed pursuant to plea negotiations which also resolved a misdemeanor charge. Community control as part of a felony sentence may not exceed five years. R.C. 2929.15(A)(1). Similarly, community control as part of a misdemeanor sentence may not exceed five years. R.C. 2929.25(2). The record reflects this was an agreed sentence and our review indicates it is not contrary to law. We agree Appellant waived her right to appeal. As such, we affirm the judgment of the trial court and overrule this assignment of error.
Id. at ¶ 104. A comprehensive procedural history of this case and other related cases is
set forth in the 2013 Ogle, supra, decision.
{¶4} More recently, in September 2016, Ogle filed a postconviction relief petition
challenging the September 2011 conviction and sentence. The state opposed the petition
and, according to the court docket, the trial court had not yet ruled on Ogle’s petition when
she filed this appeal.
{¶5} Also in September 2016, Ogle’s extended community control sanction
expired and the trial court entered an order terminating it that stated: “Considered and
Ordered this 26 day of September, 2016 that the probation order entered on the 27 day of Hocking App. No. 16CA22 3
September, 2011 [and journalized on the 28th] pertaining to the above named probationer
be terminated, that he/she be discharged from probation, and restored to all civil rights,
unless otherwise prohibited by law.”
{¶6} Ogle appealed the trial court’s order discharging her from community control.
II. Legal Analysis
{¶7} The trial court’s entry terminating community control sanctions and
discharging Ogle is not a final appealable order. Appellate courts in Ohio have jurisdiction
to review the final orders or judgments of inferior courts within their district. Section
3(B)(2), Article IV of the Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2501.02. A final appealable order is one
that affects a “substantial right” and either determines the action or is entered in a special
proceeding. R.C. 2505.02(B)(1) & (2). If a judgment is not final and appealable, then an
appellate court has no jurisdiction to review the matter and must dismiss the appeal.
Production Credit Assn. v. Hedges, 87 Ohio App.3d 207, 210 at fn. 2 (4th Dist. 1993);
Kouns v. Pemberton, 84 Ohio App. 3d 499, 501 (4th Dist. 1992). “Special proceeding”
means “an action or proceeding that is specially created by statute and that prior to 1853
was not denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity.” R.C. 2505.02(A)(2).
{¶8} Community control proceedings are created by statute and set forth in R.C.
2929.15. Like judicial release, community control proceedings are special proceedings.
See State v. Dowler, 4th Dist. Athens No. 15CA7, 2015-Ohio-5027, ¶14-17 (discussing
judicial release and its predecessor, shock probation). Thus, orders revoking community
control and imposing a sentence are final appealable orders because the order is made in
a special proceeding and affects a substantial right. See, generally, In re G.S., 4th Dist.
Pike No. 14CA852, 2015-Ohio-1285, ¶14-15.
{¶9} However, not all orders arising out of community control proceedings affect a Hocking App. No. 16CA22 4
substantial right. “An order affects a substantial right for the purposes of R.C.
2505.02(B)(2) only if an immediate appeal is necessary to protect the right effectively.”
Wilhelm-Kissinger v. Kissinger, 129 Ohio St.3d 90, 2011-Ohio-2317, 950 N.E.2d 516, ¶ 7.
Covered rights include any “right that the United States Constitution, the Ohio Constitution,
a statute, the common law, or a rule of procedure entitles a person to enforce or protect.”
R.C. 2505.02(A)(1).
{¶10} In State v. Ogle, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 14CA17, 2014-Ohio-4868, we held
that an order denying Ogle's motion to terminate her community control was not a final
appealable order because her motion was an attempt to correct or modify her sentence.
Trial courts lack any statutory authority to terminate community control outside the
statutory framework provided in R.C. 2929.15(C). See State v. Castillo, 2d Dist.
Montgomery App. No. 24022, 2011–Ohio–1821 (holding that trial court has no power
modify a sentence to terminate community control except under R.C. 2929.15(C) where
the offender, “for a significant period of time, fulfills the conditions of a sanction in an
exemplary manner”). Ogle sought to terminate the community control because she argued
it was an unlawful sanction, not pursuant to R.C. 2929.15(C). Thus, we held that the trial
court had no authority to terminate the sanction and the order denying her motion was not
a final, appealable order. Additionally, we held that Ogle's argument that her community
control sanction was unlawful could have been, and was, raised on direct appeal.
Therefore, we declined to treat Ogle's motion for termination of unlawful community
control as a postconviction relief petition. Id. at ¶ 4-8.
{¶11} Here, the trial court’s order officially records and memorializes the expiration
of Ogle’s five-year community control term. It does not revoke community control and
impose a sentence or otherwise affect a substantial right. Ogle has no right to have her Hocking App. No. 16CA22 5
community control sanction continue beyond the five-year term. Community control as part
of a felony sentence may not exceed five years. R.C. 2929.15(A)(1).
{¶12} The trial court’s order did not affect a “substantial right” and therefore, it is
not a final, appealable order and we lack jurisdiction to consider this appeal.
III. Conclusion
{¶13} We conclude that the trial court’s order terminating Ogle’s community control
and discharging her from it did not affect a substantial right and is not a final, appealable
order. Because the trial court’s order is not a final appealable order, we do not have
jurisdiction to consider an appeal from that order. Therefore, we GRANT the state’s
motion and DISMISS this appeal.
{¶14} The clerk shall serve a copy of this order on all counsel of record at their last
known addresses. The clerk shall serve appellant by certified mail, return receipt
requested. If returned unserved, the clerk shall serve appellant by ordinary mail.
{¶15} MOTION TO DISMISS GRANTED. APPEAL DISMISSED. COSTS TO
APPELLANT.
{¶16} IT IS SO ORDERED.
Abele, J. & Hoover, J.: Concur.
FOR THE COURT
________________________________ William H. Harsha Administrative Judge