State v. Nevelle J. Eberhart

CourtCourt of Appeals of South Carolina
DecidedJuly 1, 2026
Docket2023-000234
StatusPublished

This text of State v. Nevelle J. Eberhart (State v. Nevelle J. Eberhart) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Nevelle J. Eberhart, (S.C. Ct. App. 2026).

Opinion

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA In The Court of Appeals

The State, Respondent,

v.

Nevelle Joshua Eberhart, Appellant.

Appellate Case No. 2023-000234

Appeal From Richland County DeAndrea G. Benjamin, Circuit Court Judge

Opinion No. 6150 Heard April 8, 2026 – Filed July 1, 2026

AFFIRMED

Appellate Defender Gary Howard Johnson, II, of Columbia, for Appellant.

Attorney General Alan McCrory Wilson, Assistant Attorney General Paul Sanders Linker, Jr. and Solicitor Byron E. Gipson, all of Columbia, for Respondent.

THOMAS, J.: Nevelle Joshua Eberhart appeals his convictions of armed robbery and possession of a weapon during a violent crime, arguing the trial court erred in admitting (1) GPS data from his bond company obtained without a warrant, and (2) a video recording. We affirm, finding no error in the admission of the video and finding that although the court erred in admitting the GPS data, the error was harmless. FACTS

This case involves the robbery of James Stewart (Victim) at an ATM at Palmetto Citizens Bank located near the intersection of King and Devine Streets in Columbia. As Victim was finalizing his transaction, a black moped pulled up and the rider pointed a finger toward Victim's ATM card and a gun toward Victim. After giving the perpetrator a false password, Victim ran to the Scotchman gas station directly across the street. When Victim left the Scotchman, he again saw the perpetrator, "took off," and called the police. Victim identified Eberhart at trial as the perpetrator.

Prior to trial, Eberhart moved to exclude GPS evidence obtained from the ankle monitor he was wearing as a requirement imposed by his bond company. Although the agreement between Eberhart and the bond company was not provided in the record on appeal, the court found the following:

[H]ere I have not heard anything or did not find that the Defendant has a legitimate expectation of privacy when he voluntarily submits to GPS monitoring. The sole purpose of GPS monitoring is to determine a Defendant's location while out on bond. The Defendant entered into the agreement with the bond[] company, knowing that the bond[] company could share the information with law enforcement. One of the conditions of bond is good behavior, and to be able to -- the purpose of the GPS is to be able to locate the Defendant, that it could be shared with law enforcement, and it could be shared with the Court. And so, therefore, I do not find that the -- the Defendant had a legitimate or reasonable expectation of privacy as it relates to a GPS monitor that he has voluntarily entered into a contract with the bond[] company. And so, therefore, I am going to deny [the] motion to suppress the GPS monitoring location data.

Titus Curry, the office manager of BadBoyz Bail Bonding, testified that he worked for a company that "did location finding with different defendants." He explained how he used a third-party database, VeriTracks, that tracked location by "collect[ing] pings [from cell phone towers] and different locations on people depending on where they're going, . . . zones, things of that nature." As to Eberhart, he explained the VeriTracks report for the times requested by law enforcement indicated Eberhart was at or near the location during the time of the robbery on January 1, 2022.

Officer Javonte Selph, of the Columbia Police Department (CPD), testified that he responded to a report of a robbery on the day in question. He met Victim at his house, where Victim reported he had been robbed at gunpoint at the ATM machine. Selph was wearing a body camera at the time. Eberhart objected to admission of a video of Victim's interview, and outside of the presence of the jury, the video was admitted with the caveat that it would be introduced after Victim testified. Selph testified the ATM machine was located at 2530 Devine Street. Selph was recalled after Victim testified, and the video recording was published to the jury over Eberhart's objection.

Jacqueline Richburg, of Columbia Richland 911 Communications, testified that a 911 call was received on January 2, 2022, the day following the ATM robbery, from Nicole Goodwin, who reported a stolen moped.

Investigator Emmett Gilliam of the CPD testified he investigated the robbery by first retrieving video from the bank, which showed the perpetrator arriving at the ATM on the moped while Victim was at the teller machine. In addition, the video showed the perpetrator pulling out a gun and appearing to grab Victim's ATM card from him and then Victim running away. The video also showed the moped's tag number. Gilliam investigated the tag number, which was registered to Goodwin at 2205 Stark Street, which was near the same area of Columbia. Gilliam went to Goodwin's address on January 7 and met Goodwin. The moped was at the home. While speaking to Goodwin outside, Eberhart came out of the house. Gilliam photographed Eberhart's identification card.

Without obtaining a warrant, Gilliam approached BadBoyz to obtain GPS data on Eberhart. Based on the GPS report, Gilliam opined Eberhart was on the 2400 block of Devine Street at the time of the robbery. After Victim could not identify Eberhart from a photo lineup, Gilliam compared the bank video to Eberhart and concluded it was "the same person." Gilliam then interviewed and arrested Eberhart. Victim's debit card was found during a search of Eberhart.

Eberhart moved for a directed verdict and a new trial, which were denied. The court sentenced Eberhart to fifteen years' imprisonment for armed robbery and a concurrent term of imprisonment of five years for possession of a weapon during the commission of a violent crime. This appeal followed. STANDARD OF REVIEW

"In criminal cases, the appellate court sits to review errors of law only. This court is bound by the trial court's factual findings unless they are clearly erroneous." State v. Parker, 381 S.C. 68, 74, 671 S.E.2d 619, 621 (Ct. App. 2008) (internal citations omitted).

LAW/ANALYSIS

A. ADMISSIBILITY OF GPS DATA

Eberhart argues the trial court erred in admitting the GPS location data because it was obtained without a warrant in violation of his Fourth Amendment rights under the United States Constitution. Eberhart also argues the trial court erred in admitting the evidence because he had a reasonable expectation of privacy under the greater protection afforded under the South Carolina Constitution.

We begin our analysis mindful of our supreme court's language in State v. Moore, 429 S.C. 465, 477, 839 S.E.2d 882, 888 (2020): "Of course, we recognize the adage 'get a warrant' will always be at play in these Fourth Amendment challenges. We join that chorus as well, as it is always preferable to 'get a warrant.'" Further, we note that "appellate review of a motion to suppress based on the Fourth Amendment involves a two-step analysis. This dual inquiry means we review the trial court's factual findings for any evidentiary support, but the ultimate legal conclusion . . . is a question of law subject to de novo review." State v. Frasier, 437 S.C. 625, 633–34, 879 S.E.2d 762, 766 (2022).

We also note that our analysis in this case would be different if this case concerned court-ordered monitoring or if the agreement was included in the record and indicated BadBoyz could or would share information with law enforcement. Eberhart argues he consented to giving the GPS data only to the bond company. The State argues Eberhart could not have held any legitimate expectation of privacy in data he knew was being collected and stored by a bond company on behalf of the State.

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Bluebook (online)
State v. Nevelle J. Eberhart, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-nevelle-j-eberhart-scctapp-2026.