State v. Myers

CourtCourt of Appeals of Kansas
DecidedNovember 27, 2024
Docket125214
StatusUnpublished

This text of State v. Myers (State v. Myers) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Myers, (kanctapp 2024).

Opinion

NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

No. 125,214

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

STATE OF KANSAS, Appellee,

v.

ANGELIC B. MYERS, Appellant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appeal from Reno District Court; JOSEPH L. MCCARVILLE III, judge. Submitted without oral argument. Opinion filed November 27, 2024. Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded with directions.

Grace E. Tran, of Kansas Appellate Defender Office, for appellant.

Kimberly A. Rodebaugh, senior assistant district attorney, Thomas R. Stanton, district attorney, and Kris W. Kobach, attorney general, for appellee.

Before COBLE, P.J., GARDNER, J., and CARL FOLSOM III, District Judge, assigned.

PER CURIAM: After a jury found Angelic B. Myers guilty of 1 count of felony theft and 14 counts of forgery, the district court imposed a term of 16 months in prison and ordered her to pay $14,305.07 in restitution. Myers now appeals, alleging that the prosecutor erred and that the district court erred in her sentencing and restitution orders. As detailed below, we agree with some but not all of Myers' contentions.

1 Factual and Procedural Background

Myers served as an office manager at Power Solutions for about five years. Her responsibilities included managing financial transactions, processing invoices, assigning job charges, handling invoicing and new hire paperwork, and ensuring safety items were addressed. In March 2020, she was fired after being accused of stealing money and using company checks for personal expenses.

Myers was charged with 1 count of felony theft and 14 counts of forgery stemming from her unauthorized use of the company's funds and credit cards for personal expenses over an extended period. In April 2021, a jury found Myers guilty of 1 severity level 9 count of felony theft and 14 severity level 8 counts of felony forgery.

About a year later, finding that Myers had a criminal history classification of I, the district court imposed a prison term of 16 months then suspended that for 24 months' probation. The district court ordered Myers to pay $14,305.07 in restitution and imposed 60 days of county jail time as a condition of probation.

Myers appeals.

Did the Prosecutor Misstate the Law Regarding Reasonable Doubt or Err by Presenting Evidence Based on Alleged Sympathy?

Myers first argues that the prosecutor erred during voir dire and closing arguments, prejudicing her right to a fair trial.

Appellate courts review a prosecutorial error claim based on a prosecutor's comments made during voir dire, opening statement, or closing argument even without a

2 timely objection, but the court considers the absence of an objection when analyzing the alleged error. State v. Bodine, 313 Kan. 378, 406, 486 P.3d 551 (2021).

Standard of Review

We use a two-step process to evaluate claims of prosecutorial error: error and prejudice. State v. Sieg, 315 Kan. 526, 535, 509 P.3d 535 (2022). We first evaluate if the prosecutor's actions exceed "the wide latitude afforded prosecutors to conduct the State's case and attempt to obtain a conviction in a manner that does not offend the defendant's constitutional right to a fair trial." State v. Sherman, 305 Kan. 88, 109, 378 P.3d 1060 (2016). Then, if an error is identified, we determine whether it prejudiced the defendant's due process rights to a fair trial. This evaluation follows the traditional constitutional harmlessness inquiry demanded by Chapman v. California, 386 U.S. 18, 87 S. Ct. 824, 17 L. Ed. 2d 705 (1967), meaning the prosecutorial error is harmless if the State proves "'beyond a reasonable doubt that the error complained of will not or did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the entire record, i.e., where there is no reasonable possibility that the error contributed to the verdict.' [Citations omitted.]" Sherman, 305 Kan. at 109.

The State contends that the prosecutor's statements were within the allowed scope for presenting the State's case and were not erroneous. The State alternatively argues that if an error occurred, it is harmless.

First step: the prosecutor did not exceed the wide latitude afforded prosecutors.

Myers argues that during voir dire and closing arguments, the prosecutor's use of a "blank slate" metaphor undermined the burden of proof required for the State. Additionally, she contends that the prosecutor referencing the case's lengthy duration and

3 the Thompsons' charitable contributions aimed to elicit jury sympathy, which constituted errors that prejudiced her right to a fair trial.

The prosecutor did not misstate the law when discussing the burden of proof.

A prosecutor commits error by misstating the law. State v. Watson, 313 Kan. 170, 179, 484 P.3d 877 (2021). A misstatement of controlling law must be reviewed on appeal, regardless of a timely objection at trial, to protect a defendant's right to due process. When a misstatement of controlling law is made deliberately, it is outside the considerable latitude given to prosecutors during their arguments. State v. Gunby, 282 Kan. 39, 63, 144 P.3d 647 (2006); see also State v. Magallanez, 290 Kan. 906, 915, 235 P.3d 460 (2010) (misrepresentation of burden of proof in closing argument).

Myers contends that the "blank slate" metaphor the prosecutor used during voir dire and closing argument "diluted" the prosecution's burden of proof beyond a reasonable doubt, prejudicing Myers' right to a fair trial. Myers points to this statement the prosecutor made during voir dire:

"It's the State's responsibility as I said a couple times is to prove guilt beyond all reasonable doubt. Some people call it presumption of innocence. Basically when someone walks into the courtroom they're a blank slate. They have the presumption of innocence. It's the responsibility for the State to write on that slate and you will be instructed of certain elements of a crime, and at the conclusion of the trial you look and if those elements aren't written on the slate, then you have to find not guilty."

And Myers notes this statement during closing argument:

"So when you start looking at the elements of the offense, the state welcomes the burden of proof. The defendant doesn't have to prove that she is not guilty. But, remember, she

4 walked in here a blank slate and when the evidence has been presented there has been writing on the slate and the state would contend that the elements of the offense now changes the blank slate."

But the Kansas Supreme Court has instructed that we must evaluate a prosecutor's comments in context and that such statements can be mitigated by jury instructions regarding the burden of proof. Watson, 313 Kan. at 177. As the State points out, Myers omits the full context of the prosecutor's statements, which clarifies the legal principles of presumption of innocence and burden of proof.

During voir dire, the prosecutor discussed the process of jury selection in a criminal trial, focusing on key concepts including the presumption of innocence and the burden of proof.

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Related

Chapman v. California
386 U.S. 18 (Supreme Court, 1967)
State v. Adams
253 P.3d 5 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2011)
State v. Gunby
144 P.3d 647 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2006)
State v. Hunziker
56 P.3d 202 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2002)
State v. Magallanez
235 P.3d 460 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2010)
State v. Barber
353 P.3d 1108 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2015)
State v. Arnett
413 P.3d 787 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2018)
State v. Martin
429 P.3d 896 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2018)
State v. Hambright
447 P.3d 972 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2019)
State v. Watson
484 P.3d 877 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2021)
State v. Bodine
486 P.3d 551 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2021)
State v. Arnett
496 P.3d 928 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2021)
State v. Mitchell
505 P.3d 739 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2022)
State v. Sieg
509 P.3d 535 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2022)
State v. Hall
304 P.3d 677 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2013)
State v. Union
553 P.3d 320 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 2024)

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State v. Myers, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-myers-kanctapp-2024.