[Cite as State v. Monaco, 2024-Ohio-535.]
COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES: STATE OF OHIO : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. Plaintiff-Appellee : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : -vs- : : Case No. 2023AP070040 JASON D. MONACO : : Defendant-Appellant : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2020 CR 08 0318
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 13, 2024
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
RYAN STYER NATHAN RAY Prosecuting Attorney 137 South Main Street 125 East High Avenue Suite 201 New Philadelphia, OH 44663 Akron, OH 44308 [Cite as State v. Monaco, 2024-Ohio-535.]
Gwin, J.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Jason D. Monaco [Monaco] appeals the June 22, 2023
Judgment Entry setting forth Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law after remand by
this Court for the denial of his Petition for Post-Conviction relief.
Facts and Procedural History
{¶2} On August 14, 2020, Monaco was indicted on four counts of Gross Sexual
Imposition in violation of R.C. 2907.05, two counts of Sexual Imposition in violation of
R.C. 2907.06, one count of Kidnapping in violation of R.C. 2905.01, one count of Rape
in violation of R.C. 2907.02, one count of Attempted Rape in violation of R.C. 2923.02
and 2907.02, four counts of Disseminating Matter Harmful to Juveniles in violation of
R.C. 2907.31, and two counts of Pandering Obscenity Involving a Minor or Impaired
Person in violation of R.C. 2907.321. The facts underlying the indictment show Monaco
repeatedly sexually abused a minor relative over a period of years. See, State v. Monaco,
5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2021 AP 01 0002, 2021-Ohio-3888, ¶7 [Monaco, I].
{¶3} Subsequently, Monaco entered a plea of guilty to the indictment. The trial
court sentenced him as follows: Counts 5 and 6 merges with Counts 3 and 4 for the
purposes of sentencing. Count 1- 60 months in prison; Count 2 - 60 months in prison,
Count 3 - 18 months in prison; Count 4 - 18 months in prison; Count 7 - mandatory 15
years to life in prison; Count 8 - mandatory 10 years to life in prison; Count 9 - 8 years in
prison; Count 10 - 18 months in prison; Count 11 - 12 months in prison; Count 12 - 18
months in prison; Count 13 - 180 days in prison; Count 14 - 8 years in prison; and Count
15 - 8 years in prison. The sentences were ordered to be served concurrently for an
aggregate sentence of 15 years to life. See, Monaco, I at ¶2. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 3
{¶4} Monaco did not file an appeal from his conviction or sentence. Instead, on
October 29, 2020, he filed a pro se motion to change his plea to not guilty and appoint
new counsel. Monaco alleged he was under duress and not of sound mind due to extreme
depression and anxiety when he signed his guilty plea. He also alleged that he did not
understand the evidence against him as his attorney did not go through the discovery
documents with him. Monaco stated he was not guilty of the accusations. Monaco, I, ¶11.
{¶5} On November 30, 2020, the trial court held a hearing on the pro se request
for Monaco to withdraw his guilty plea. At the hearing, Monaco stated that on the date of
the plea and sentencing he was very shaken. He acknowledged that he discussed with
counsel his plea, the rights he was waiving, and penalties he would be facing. Monaco
stated that he did not review the discovery provided by appellee with his attorney. He
stated that he was suffering from anxiety and depression but was not under the influence
of drugs or alcohol the day of sentencing. Monaco did not submit a professional report to
substantiate his claim of suffering from depression, anxiety, or any other mental health
condition likely to impair his ability to voluntarily, intelligently, and knowingly enter a plea
of guilty. Monaco acknowledged that he had reviewed the evidence extracted from his
electronic devices, that he knew the plea offer was for fifteen years to life, and that he
thought he should not have pled guilty because it wasn’t a fair deal. Monaco, I, ¶12.
{¶6} During the hearing, the state presented under seal the state’s response to
Monaco’s discovery request [Exhibit A], a four page written statement from the victim
detailing the allegations of sexual abuse, dated July 14, 2020 [Exhibit B], a second two-
page written statement from the victim, dated July 14, 2020 [Exhibit C], a fourteen page
typewritten transcript of a one hour telephone conversation recorded between the victim Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 4
and Monaco [Exhibit D], a three page handwritten statement by the victim, dated July 30,
2020 [Exhibit E], a thumb drive containing audio and video files of Monaco’s interview by
the police and the one hour phone call between him and the victim. [Exhibit F]. T. Nov.
30, 2020 at 29-30.
{¶7} The trial court overruled Monaco’s motion to withdraw his post-sentence
guilty plea and Monaco appealed. Pursuant to an Opinion filed on October 29, 2021 in
State v. Monaco, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2021 AP 01 0002, 2021-Ohio-3888 [Monaco,
I], this Court affirmed the judgment of the trial court.
{¶8} Thereafter, on November 18, 2021, Monaco filed a Petition to Vacate and
Set Aside Sentence. State v. Monaco, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2021 AP 12 0035, 2022-
Ohio-2353, ¶ 7. [Monaco, II].
{¶9} Monaco, in his petition, alleged that his trial counsel was ineffective.
Monaco again alleged that his trial counsel never reviewed any discovery with him and
that Monaco did not know what the evidence was against him, that while in the county
jail, he had a mental health breakdown due to stress. Monaco added to his claim that
during the time that trial counsel was representing appellant, trial counsel, due to being
investigated by the Board of Professional Conduct for ethical violations, was preoccupied
and failed to provide effective representation. In support of his petition, Monaco submitted
a copy of his handwritten motion previously filed with the trial court on Oct. 24, 2020
[Defendant’s Exhibit A]; Community Mental Health Treatment Summary, dated October
14, 2021 [Defendant’s Exhibit B]; 7 page typewritten Affidavit of Jason D. Monaco
[Defendant’s Exhibit C]; and a Coshocton Tribune article which is titled "Complaint: Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 5
Attorney accused of having affair with client", "[Attorney] has a complaint pending with
the Board of Professional Conduct,” dated March 12, 2021.
{¶10} The trial court, pursuant to a Judgment Entry filed on December 2, 2021,
denied Monaco’s Petition. Monaco II, ¶7.
{¶11} In Monaco II, this Court held the trial court should have reviewed Monaco’s
motion as a motion for postconviction relief under R.C. 2953.21. Monaco, II, ¶15. As such,
the trial court was required to make findings of fact and conclusions of law when denying
the petition. Therefore, because the trial judge denied the petition for postconviction relief
without stating her reasons for denying the petition, this Court reversed and remanded
the matter to the trial judge to make findings of fact and conclusions of law.
{¶12} Pursuant to the remand, on June 22, 2022, the trial judge issued findings of
fact and conclusions of law in support of the decision to deny Monaco’s Petition to Vacate
and Set Aside Sentence filed November 18, 2021.
Assignments of Error
{¶13} Monaco raises two Assignments of Error,
{¶14} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT DENIED
PETITIONER APPELLANT MONACO'S TIMELY FILED PETITION FOR POST-
CONVICTION RELIEF PURSUANT TO O.R.C. 2953.21 BY FINDING THAT IT WAS
BARRED BY THE DOCTRINE OF RES JUDICATA.
{¶15} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN DENYING MONACO'S POST-
CONVICTION RELIEF PETITION WHERE HE PRESENTED SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE
DEHORS THE RECORD TO MERIT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING.” Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 6
I. & II.
{¶16} In his First Assignment of Error, Monaco argues that the trial court abused
its discretion by finding in part that the petition was barred by the doctrine of res judicata.
In support Monaco argues that his arguments are not barred by the doctrine of res judicata
because he was not represented by counsel in the trial court on his motion to withdraw
his guilty plea and because he had provided the trial court with new evidence outside the
record to support his request for postconviction relief.
{¶17} In his Second Assignment of Error, Monaco argues that the trial court erred
when the court denied Monaco's petition without a hearing. Specifically, Monaco argues
he provided the court with an affidavit and other documents that set forth operative facts
to establish substantive grounds for relief to establish that he was denied the effective
assistance of counsel, and was therefore entitled to a hearing.
{¶18} Because the assignments of error are inextricably intertwined we shall
address them together.
Standard of Review
{¶19} We review a decision to grant or deny a petition for postconviction relief,
including the decision whether to afford the petitioner a hearing, under an abuse-of-
discretion standard. State v. Hatton, 169 Ohio St.3d 446, 2022-Ohio-3991, 205 N.E.3d
513, ¶ 38, citing State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio-6679, 860 N.E.2d 77,
¶ 51-52, 58.
Postconviction relief
{¶20} A postconviction proceeding is a collateral civil attack on a criminal
conviction. State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279, 281, 714 N.E.2d 905 (1999); State v. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 7
Phillips, 9th Dist. No. 20692, 2002-Ohio-823. R.C. 2953.21(A) states, in part, as follows:
“(1) Any person who has been convicted of a criminal offense or adjudicated a delinquent
child and who claims that there was such a denial or infringement of the person’s rights
as to render the judgment void or voidable under the Ohio Constitution or the Constitution
of the United States may file a petition in the court that imposed sentence, stating the
grounds for relief relied upon, and asking the court to vacate or set aside the judgment or
sentence or to grant other appropriate relief”.
Right to evidentiary hearing in postconviction proceedings is not automatic
{¶21} In State v. Bunch, 171 Ohio St.3d 775, 2022-Ohio-4723, 220 N.E.3d 773,
the Ohio Supreme Court addressed the standard to be used for determining whether a
hearing should be held on a post-conviction petition and emphasized that it was only
addressing the standard for holding a hearing on a timely-filed post-conviction petition
and not the standard for ultimately granting relief on the petition. Id. at ¶ 22.
{¶22} Under the post-conviction statutes, a trial court must, before granting an
evidentiary hearing, “determine whether there are substantive grounds for relief.” Id. at ¶
23, citing R.C. 2953.21(D). “If the petition ‘is sufficient on its face to raise an issue that
the petitioner’s conviction is void or voidable on constitutional grounds, and the claim is
one which depends upon factual allegations that cannot be determined by examination
of the files and records of the case, the petition states a substantive ground for relief.’”
Id., citing State v. Milanovich, 42 Ohio St.2d 46, 325 N.E.2d 540 (1975).
{¶23} The Bunch court further explained that in determining whether there are
substantive grounds for relief, the trial court must consider the entirety of the record from
the trial proceedings as well as any evidence filed by the parties in post-conviction Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 8
proceedings. Then, “[i]f the record does not on its face disprove the petitioner’s claim,”
the court is required to “proceed to a prompt hearing on the issues.” Id. at ¶ 24, citing
R.C. 2953.21(F).
Postconviction review of ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claims
{¶24} In order for an indigent petitioner to be entitled to an evidentiary hearing in
a postconviction relief proceeding on a claim that he was denied effective assistance of
counsel, the two-part analysis set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104
S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984) is to be applied. Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 58, 106
S.Ct. 366, 88 L.Ed.2d 203 (1985); State v. Lytte, 48 Ohio St.2d 391, 358 N.E.2d 623
(1976); State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d 136, 538 N.E.2d 373 (1989). The petitioner must
therefore prove that: 1). counsel’s performance fell below an objective standard of
reasonable representation; and 2). there exists a reasonable probability that, were it not
for counsel’s errors, the result of the trial would have been different, or he would not have
pled guilty. Id.
Application of res judicata in postconviction-relief proceedings raising ineffective
assistance of counsel claims
{¶25} With respect to post-conviction petitions asserting grounds for relief based
on ineffective assistance, res judicata does not bar a post-conviction ineffective-
assistance-of-counsel claim when either (1) the petitioner had the same attorney at trial
and on appeal or (2) he must rely on evidence outside the trial record to establish his
claim for relief. * * * The converse is that when the petitioner had a new attorney on appeal
and the claim could have been litigated based on the trial record, res judicata applies and
the postconviction claim is barred.” State v. Blanton, 171 Ohio St.3d 19, 2022-Ohio-3985, Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 9
215 N.E.3d 467, ¶ 2, citing State v. Cole, 2 Ohio St.3d 112, 113-114, 443 N.E.2d 169
(1982). However, merely providing evidence outside the record is not sufficient to entitle
a petitioner to a hearing. Rather, to secure a hearing, a petitioner “‘must proffer evidence
which, if believed, would establish not only that his trial counsel had substantially violated
at least one of a defense attorney's essential duties to his client but also that said violation
was prejudicial to the [petitioner].’” Id. at ¶ 31, quoting Cole at 114, 443 N.E.2d 169; State
v. Johnson, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2022-09-063, 2023-Ohio-879, ¶21.
Monaco is not represented by the same attorney that represented him in the trial
court or in Monaco, I; however, the attorney representing Monaco in this appeal is the
same attorney who represented him in Monaco, II. Monaco attached his affidavit and
documents to his PCR petition that were not a part of the trial court record.
Review of affidavits submitted in support of postconviction relief petition
{¶26} When reviewing a postconviction petition a trial court “should give due
deference to affidavits sworn to under oath and filed in support of the petition, but may, in
the sound exercise of discretion, judge their credibility in determining whether to accept
the affidavits as “true statements of fact” or “discard frivolous claims.” State v. Calhoun,
86 Ohio St.3d 279, 282, 714 N.E.2d 905 (1999). In determining the credibility of
supporting affidavits in postconviction relief proceedings, the trial court should consider
all relevant factors, including (1) whether the judge reviewing the post-conviction relief
petition also presided at the trial, (2) whether multiple affidavits contain nearly identical
language, or otherwise appear to have been drafted by the same person, (3) whether the
affidavits contain or rely on hearsay, (4) whether the affiants are relatives of the petitioner,
or otherwise interested in the success of the petitioner's efforts, and (5) whether the Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 10
affidavits contradict evidence proffered by the defense at trial. Id. at 285, 714 N.E.2d 905.
“Moreover, a trial court may find sworn testimony in an affidavit to be contradicted by
evidence in the record by the same witness, or to be internally inconsistent, thereby
weakening the credibility of that testimony.” Id. “Depending on the entire record, one or
more of these or other factors may be sufficient to justify the conclusion that an affidavit
asserting information outside the record lacks credibility. Such a decision should be within
the discretion of the trial court.” Id.
{¶27} A trial court that discounts the credibility of sworn affidavits must include an
explanation of its basis for doing so in its findings of fact and conclusions of law. Id.; State
v. Blanton, 171 Ohio St.3d 19, 2022-Ohio-3985, 215 N.E.3d 467, ¶98; State v. Barron,
12th Dist. Warren No. CA2022-09-059, 2023-Ohio-1249, ¶ 20, appeal not allowed, 170
Ohio St.3d 1517, 2023-Ohio-2771, 214 N.E.3d 590, ¶ 20.
{¶28} Justice Donnelly recently expressed the following concern about the
treatment of a defendant’s affidavit submitted in support of his petition for post-conviction
relief,
It is, of course, possible that Dunlap’s claims would not have been
borne out by the facts established during an evidentiary hearing. But he
does not deserve to have his claims dismissed out of hand with the usual
bromides about relying on a “self-serving affidavit.” A defendant in this
scenario is rarely ever going to have anything to back up a plea-withdrawal
motion other than his own claims about what happened. And only an
evidentiary hearing will establish whether those claims are true. As I stated
in my dissenting opinion in State v. Bozso, 162 Ohio St.3d 68, 2020-Ohio- Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 11
3779, 164 N.E.3d 344, “a defendant cannot be expected to make a record
of the fact that he has been misinformed about a crucial issue at the time
he is operating under that misinformation.” Id. at ¶ 44 (Donnelly, J.,
dissenting). To say that a defendant’s claims in support of withdrawing his
plea do not warrant an evidentiary hearing because they are not already
backed up by solid, admissible evidence puts the defendant in an
impossible position and ensures that an evidentiary hearing is never
warranted no matter how specific and convincing a defendant’s claims
might be.
State v. Dunlap, 161 Ohio St.3d 1416, 2021-Ohio-181, 161 N.E.3d 704 (Table), appeal
not allowed, Donnelly, J., dissenting. See also, State v. Blanton, 171 Ohio St.3d 19, 2022-
Ohio-3985, 215 N.E.3d 467, ¶98 (“But sworn affidavits ‘should not lightly be deemed
false.’ [State v. Calhoun, 86 Ohio St.3d 279,] 284, [714 N.E.2d 905 (1999)]. And when a
trial court ‘discounts the credibility of sworn affidavits,’ it should ‘include an explanation of
its basis for doing so.’ Id. at 285, 714 N.E.2d 905.”).
Monaco’s Substantive Claims
{¶29} Monaco’s petition was filed by counsel. As grounds, Monaco claims he
received ineffective assistance of trial counsel contending 1). trial counsel did not meet
with him and go over the discovery provided by the state; 2). That while in jail Monaco
had a “mental health breakdown” and was placed on suicide watch for approximately one
week; 3). That he was on medication and suffering mental health issues when he entered
his plea and was in fear that his trial attorney was not prepared for trial. [Jason D.
Monaco’s Petition to Vacate and Set Aside Sentence Hearing Requested, filed Nov. 18, Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 12
2021 at 6. [Docket Entry No. 95] [Hereinafter, “PCR petition”]; 4). Trial counsel was under
investigation by the Board of Professional Conduct during the time period during which
he was representing Monaco. Id. at 7.
Monaco’s guilty plea
{¶30} A plea of guilty constitutes a complete admission of guilt. Crim. R. 11 (B)
(1). “By entering a plea of guilty, the accused is not simply stating that he did the discreet
acts described in the indictment; he is admitting guilt of a substantive crime.” United v.
Broce, 488 U.S. 563, 570, 109 S.Ct. 757, 762, 102 L.Ed.2d 927(1989).
{¶31} Crim. R. 11 requires guilty pleas to be made knowingly, intelligently and
voluntarily. The constitutional rights that the trial court must advise the defendant before
accepting his or her plea are: (1) a jury trial; (2) confrontation of witnesses against him;
(3) the compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor; (4) that the state must
prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt at trial; and (5) that the defendant
cannot be compelled to testify against himself. State v. Veney, 120 Ohio St.3d 176, 2008-
Ohio-5200, 897 N.E.2d 621, ¶ 19. If the trial court fails to strictly comply with these
requirements, the defendant’s plea is invalid. Id. at ¶ 31.
{¶32} The non-constitutional rights that the defendant must be informed of are: (1)
the nature of the charges; (2) the maximum penalty involved, which includes, if applicable,
an advisement on post-release control; (3) if applicable, that the defendant is not eligible
for probation or the imposition of community control sanctions; and (4) that after entering
a guilty plea or a no-contest plea, the court may proceed directly to judgment and
sentencing. Crim.R. 11(C)(2)(a)(b); Veney at ¶ 10-13; State v. Sarkozy, 117 Ohio St.3d Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 13
86, 2008-Ohio-509, 423 N.E.2d 1224, ¶ 19-26, (post-release control is a non-
constitutional advisement).
{¶33} For the non-constitutional rights, the trial court must substantially comply
with Crim.R. 11’s mandates. State v. Nero, 56 Ohio St.3d 106, 108, 564 N.E.2d 474
(1990). “Substantial compliance means that under the totality of the circumstances the
defendant subjectively understands the implications of his plea and the rights he is
waiving.” Veney at ¶ 15.
{¶34} Monaco does not argue that the trial court failed to comply with Crim R. 11’s
strict or substantial compliance requirements before accepting his guilty pleas.
Monaco’s written waivers
{¶35} A written waiver of constitutional rights is presumed to have been voluntary,
knowing, and intelligent. State v. Turner, 105 Ohio St.3d 331, 2005-Ohio-1938, 826
N.E.2d 266, ¶25. In this case, Monaco signed both the original plea agreement and a
revised plea agreement. T. Nov. 30, 2020 at 24. See also, Monaco, I at ¶4. Further, the
trial court conducted a lengthy inquiry concerning each of Monaco’s constitutional rights
during the change of plea hearing. Monaco, I, at ¶6. The trial judge gave Monaco several
opportunities to ask questions or bring any concerns to her attention. Id. Monaco did not.
{¶36} In the case at bar, the state did not seek consecutive sentences, the
sentence Monaco received was negotiated and was known by him prior to entering his
plea. T. Nov. 30, 2020 at 26. Additional charges were not pursued by the state based
upon the plea negotiations. Id. at 31. Prior to sentencing, the state detailed the evidence
in support of each charge to which Monaco pled guilty on the record. T. Change of Plea
and Imposition of Sentence Hearing, Oct. 21, 2020 at 16 – 26; See also, Monaco, I at ¶7. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 14
Monaco did not dispute the recitation, inform the trial judge he was not guilty of some or
any of the allegations, or indicate his confusion or inability to comprehend the evidence
against him.
{¶37} We find based upon our review of the entire record, the record discloses
that: (1) Monaco’s guilty plea was not the result of coercion, deception or intimidation; (2)
counsel was present at the time of the plea; (3) counsel’s advice was competent in light
of the circumstances surrounding the indictment; (4) the plea was made with the
understanding of the nature of the charges; and, (5) Monaco was motivated either by a
desire to seek a lesser penalty or a fear of the consequences of a jury trial, or both,
therefore the guilty plea has been voluntarily and intelligently made. See, State v.
Piacella, 27 Ohio St.2d 92, 271 N.E.2d 852 (1971), paragraph one of the syllabus.
Monaco’s mental health claims
{¶38} The Community Mental Health summary attached to Monaco’s PCR petition
as Defendant’s Exhibit B is dated October 14, 2021. The document indicates that intake
was completed on September 22, 2020 with a finding, “Adjustment Disorder with mixed
anxiety & depressed mood & Alcohol Use Disorder, severe.” The recommendation was
for Monaco to attend weekly counseling sessions. The document indicates Monaco
completed five sessions before his transfer to prison.
{¶39} The mental health assessment does not indicate that Monaco was, or is,
incapable of exercising rational, intelligent thought as a result of his diagnosis. The report
makes no mention of an inability of the intake officer to communicate with Monaco or that
Monaco’s responses were incoherent, unintelligent or indicative that he was unaware of
what was being asked by the intake officer or counselor. Monaco admitted that no special Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 15
requests in terms of his mental health were made by his counselor while Monaco was in
the jail. T. Nov. 30, 2020 at 17. Monaco saw the counselor the Monday before he entered
his plea and the Monday after he entered his plea and no special requests were made to
the jail by his counselor. Id. Monaco admitted that he had been released from suicide
watch after one week, telling the doctor that he was no longer having suicidal thoughts.
T., Nov. 30, 2020 at 16.
{¶40} The Supreme Court of Ohio has recognized a distinction exists between
being mentally or emotionally ill and not being competent to stand trial. “[A] defendant
may be emotionally disturbed or even mentally ill and yet competent to stand trial.” State
v. Ferguson, 108 Ohio St.3d 451, 2006-Ohio-1502, ¶ 46, quoting State v. Mink, 101 Ohio
St.3d 350, 2004-Ohio 1580, ¶ 38. Stated differently, “Incompetency is defined in Ohio as
the defendant’s inability to understand “* * * the nature and objective of the proceedings
against him or of presently assisting in his defense.” R.C. 2945.37(A). Incompetency must
not be equated with mere mental or emotional instability or even with outright insanity. A
defendant may be emotionally disturbed or even psychotic and still be capable of
understanding the charges against him and of assisting his counsel. State v. Bock, 28
Ohio St.3d 108, 110, 502 N.E.2d 1016 (1986).
{¶41} Monaco has never raised a claim that he was incapable of assisting his
attorney or that he was unable to understand the proceedings. In fact, his pro se filings in
the case evidence his acumen with respect to the criminal charges, court proceeding, the
role of the prosecutor, defense counsel and the trial judge.
{¶42} The evidence in the record does not demonstrate a long and continuing
history of pronounced irrational behavior on Monaco’s part that would give rise to a Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 16
constitutional right to a formal inquiry into his competency to stand trial. Drope v. Missouri,
420 U.S. 162, 180, 95 S.Ct. 896, 908, 43 L.Ed.2d 103 (1975); Brock, at 110. Nor does
the evidence Monaco submitted in support of his claim that his plea of guilty should be
vacated because he was emotionally disturbed or even mentally ill at the time he entered
his plea, give rise to a claim that he was unable to understand the charges, the effect of
his decision to plead guilty, the court proceedings and the sentence. Monaco points to no
evidence in the record or outside the record that suggests “a reasonable and legitimate
basis for withdrawal of the plea,” or that he has a viable defense to the charges. State v.
Xie, 62 Ohio St.3d 521 at 584, 584 N.E.2d 715; State v. Cuthbertson, 139 Ohio App.3d
895, 899, 746 N.E.2d 197 (7th Dist. 2000).
{¶43} Accordingly, we find that the petition, the supporting affidavits, the
documentary evidence, the files, and the records do not demonstrate that Monaco set
forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief. Calhoun, 86 Ohio
St.3d at paragraph two of the syllabus; see R.C. 2953.21(C).
Monaco’s affidavit
{¶44} Monaco’s affidavit again addresses his claims that he was too mentally
distraught to understand the charges, and that his attorney did not review discovery with
him. The trial court discounted the affidavit because the trial judge found the statements
to be contradicted by the record.
{¶45} “Not every restriction on counsel’s time or opportunity * * * to consult with
his client or otherwise to prepare for trial violates a defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to
counsel.” Morris v. Slappy, 461 U.S. 1, 11, 103 S.Ct. 1610, 75 L.Ed.2d 610 (1983).
“[T]here is generally no basis for finding a Sixth Amendment violation unless the accused Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 17
can show how specific errors of counsel undermined the reliability of the finding of guilt.”
United States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 659, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984) United
States v. Cronic, 466 U.S. 648, 659, 104 S.Ct. 2039, 80 L.Ed.2d 657 (1984) fn. 26;
Accord, State v. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, 2006-Ohio-160, 840 N.E.2d 1032.
{¶46} “[T]he Sixth Amendment imposes on counsel a duty to investigate, because
reasonably effective assistance must be based on professional decisions and informed
legal choices can be made only after investigation of options.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at
680. However, “[i]f counsel does not conduct a substantial investigation into each of
several plausible lines of defense, assistance may nonetheless be effective.... Limitations
of time and money ... may force early strategic choices, often based solely on
conversations with the defendant and a review of the prosecution’s evidence.” Id. at 681.
{¶47} The right to competent counsel does not require that a criminal defendant
develop and share a "meaningful relationship" with his attorney. Morris v. Slappy, 461
U.S. 1, 13, 103 S.Ct. 1610, 1617, 75 L.Ed.2d 610(1983); State v. Blankenship, 102 Ohio
App.3d 534, 657 N.E.2d 559(12th Dist. 1995); State v. Burroughs, 5th Dist. Delaware No.
04CAC03018, 2004-Ohio-4769, ¶ 11. When there is no demonstration that counsel failed
to research the facts or the law or that counsel was ignorant of a crucial defense, a
reviewing court defers to counsel's judgment in the matter. State v. Clayton, 62 Ohio St.2d
45, 49, 402 N.E.2d 1189(1980), citing People v. Miller, 7 Cal.3d 562, 573-574, 102
Cal.Rptr. 841, 498 P.2d 1089 (1972); State v. Wiley, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-340, 2004-
Ohio-1008, ¶ 21.
{¶48} Monaco provides no evidence that counsel failed to investigate any line of
defense, or that counsel himself failed to review the evidence provided to him by the state. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 18
Monaco does not suggest that counsel overlooked or failed to investigate evidence of
Monaco’s innocence and does not provide any witnesses or other evidence to refute the
compelling and overwhelming evidence of his guilt provided by the state. In the case at
bar, Monaco points to no specific attorney errors that resulted from counsel’s
representation, and he makes no showing of prejudice. We cannot presume that the
defendant has suffered prejudice. Hancock, 108 Ohio St.3d 57, ¶112, citing, State v.
Coleman, 85 Ohio St.3d 129 at 144, 707 N.E.2d 476 (1999); State v. Sanders, 92 Ohio
St.3d 245 at 277, 750 N.E.2d 90 (2001).
{¶49} A review of the whole record demonstrates that defense counsel zealously
and effectively negotiated a favorable plea agreement to limit Monaco’s potential prison
sentence and forgo the potential filing of additional charges. Counsel candidly advised
Monaco concerning his appraisal of the case based upon counsel’s review of the
evidence against Monaco.
{¶50} In the case at bar, Monaco’s trial attorney was retained. Monaco signed two
written acknowledgements of his understanding of the charges, his constitutional rights,
the possible penalties and desire to enter guilty pleas. Monaco told the trial judge that he
understood each one of the rights that he was waiving by entering his guilty pleas without
hesitation, asking questions or confusion. Monaco further acknowledged he had the
opportunity to fully discuss these matters with his attorney. T. Change of Plea and
Imposition of Sentence Hearing, Oct. 21, 2020 at 15. After a defect in the original plea
form was noted, Monaco’s trial counsel told the judge that he had an opportunity to review
the revised version with Monaco. Id. at 11-12. Monaco agreed. Id. When asked if he had Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 19
any questions or concerns about the changes that were made to the written plea
agreement Monaco responded, “No your Honor.” Id. at 12.
{¶51} Monaco’s claims in his affidavit are disingenuous in light of his interview
with the police and the hour-long tape-recorded telephone call with the victim in which the
allegations were discussed. T. Nov. 30, 2020 at 29-30; State’s Exhibit F. Monaco can
hardly claim he did not know who is accuser was or what she was alleging. Clearly, having
been interviewed by the police and speaking to the victim by telephone, Monaco was
aware of the allegations being made and who was making them. Further, Monaco
admitted that his trial attorney discussed the child pornography found by the police on his
computer and electronic equipment at his home. T. Nov. 30, 2020 at 23. There is no
evidence in the record, including the affidavit of Monaco, that provides any evidence or
explanation to cast doubt upon the victim’s credibility or motivation in coming forward with
the allegations, or that suggests Monaco has a viable defense to any of the charges.
{¶52} We find the record supports the trial judge’s decision discounting the
statements made in Monaco’s affidavit as being in conflict with the facts contained in the
record.
{¶53} Accordingly, we find that the petition, the supporting affidavits, the
documentary evidence, the files, and the records do not demonstrate that Monaco set
forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief. Calhoun, 86 Ohio
Counsel’s investigation by the Board of Professional Conduct
{¶54} Monaco next contends that his attorney was preoccupied with a pending
disciplinary complaint and therefore did not provide effective representation. PCR Petition Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 20
at 7. He further contends that his attorney was found to be untruthful in the pending
investigation. Id.
{¶55} In a December 2020 complaint, disciplinary counsel alleged that Monaco’s
trial counsel had committed several ethical violations by engaging in inappropriate sexual
communications and a physical sexual relationship with a client and then lying about that
conduct during the ensuing disciplinary investigation. Disciplinary Counsel v. Cox, 168
Ohio St.3d 78, 2022-Ohio-784, 195 N.E.3d 1018. Counsel was eventually suspended
from the practice of law in Ohio for two years with the second year stayed on conditions.
Id. at ¶ 38.
{¶56} Counsel was licensed to practice law in the State of Ohio and was not under
suspension at any time that he represented Monaco. The allegations of misconduct did
not involve Monaco and it was not alleged that counsel was implicated in Monaco’s
crimes. Monaco provided no evidentiary materials to suggest that his attorney was not
truthful in any matter related to Monaco’s case.
{¶57} “[T]he breach of an ethical standard does not necessarily make out a denial
of the Sixth Amendment guarantee of assistance of counsel.” Nix v. Whiteside, 475 U.S.
157, 165, 106 S.Ct. 988, 993, 89 L.Ed.2d 123, 134 (1986); Bond v. United States 1 F.3d
631, 636-637(7th Cir., 1993). Courts consistently have declined to adopt a per se rule that
ineffective assistance always results when a disciplinary action is pending against the
defendant’s attorney. Id. Accord, State v. Allen, 121 Ohio App.3d 666, 669-670, 700
N.E.2d 682 (8th Dist. 1997). Rather the courts have required the defendant to show “actual
errors and omissions by counsel that prejudiced the defense.” United States v. Williams,
934 F.2d 847, 851-52 (7th Cir. 1991). Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 21
{¶58} Importantly, in the case at bar, counsel’s disciplinary action occurred in an
unrelated case and had nothing to do with his representation of Monaco. Given the
compelling evidence against Monaco, we cannot say that the result would have been
different had Monaco had a different attorney.
{¶59} Accordingly, we find that the petition, the supporting affidavits, the
documentary evidence, the files, and the records do not demonstrate that Monaco set
forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds for relief. Calhoun, 86 Ohio
Conclusion
{¶60} The petition, supporting affidavit and documents, file, and the record do not
demonstrate Monaco set forth sufficient operative facts to establish substantive grounds
for relief concerning.
{¶61} As Monaco did not establish substantive grounds for relief, the trial judge
was not required to conduct a hearing before overruling his petition for postconviction
relief. Accordingly, the trial court properly denied Monaco’s petition for post-conviction
relief without holding an evidentiary hearing. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2023AP070040 22
{¶62} Monaco’s First and Second Assignments of Error are overruled.
{¶63} The judgment of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas,
Tuscarawas County, Ohio is affirmed.
By Gwin, J.,
Delaney, P.J., and
Wise, J., concur