[Cite as State v. Marrero, 2011-Ohio-3587.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95859
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
REINALDO MARRERO DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-417246
BEFORE: Blackmon, P.J., Boyle, J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 21, 2011 2 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Chief Public Defender
By: David M. King Assistant Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Thorin O. Freeman Assistant County Prosecutor 8th Floor Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant Reinaldo Marrero (“Marrero”) appeals his conviction for drug
trafficking and assigns the following four errors for our review:
“I. The trial court was divested of jurisdiction to impose sentence upon Mr. Marrero due to the inexcusable delay between appellant’s plea and finding of guilt in February of 2002 and his subsequent sentencing more than eight years later.”
“II. The trial court erred in sentencing Mr. Marrero after he had served more than seven years of his prison term despite Mr. Marrero’s expectation of finality in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and Ohio Constitution Article I, Section 10.” 3
“III. The trial court erred to the prejudice of Mr. Marrero when it improperly imposed consecutive sentences in violation of R.C. 2929.14 and 2929.41, United States Constitution Amendments V and XIV, and Ohio Constitution Article I, Sections 10 & 16.”
“IV. Pursuant to United States Constitution Amendments V and XIV, and Ohio Constitution Article I, Section 16, the trial court did not have jurisdiction to resentence Mr. Marrero because he had completed serving his sentence before his sentence de novo held September 13, 2010.”
{¶ 2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm Marrero’s
conviction. The apposite facts follow.
Facts
{¶ 3} On December 7, 2001, the Cuyahoga County Grand Jury indicted Marrero
in Case No. 417246, for three counts of drug trafficking, three counts of drug possession,
and one count of possession of criminal tools. On February 19, 2002, Marrero
withdrew his previously entered not guilty plea and entered a plea to one count of drug
trafficking with a juvenile specification. The remaining counts were dismissed. The
trial court immediately sentenced Marrero to the agreed upon five years in prison.
Additionally, the court ordered the sentence to run concurrently with the sentence
imposed in another case, Case No. 417361, but consecutive to the sentences he was
serving in Case Nos. 403692 and 408714, that were imposed in November 2001, for a
total of ten years in prison.
{¶ 4} On August 20, 2010, the state filed a motion for the trial court to resentence
Marrero because his sentence did not provide an adequate notice of postrelease control. 4 After conducting a de novo resentencing hearing, the trial court resentenced Marrero to
five years in prison to be served consecutively with the November 2001 sentences and
also imposed a mandatory term of five years postrelease control.
Unreasonable Delay in Resentencing
{¶ 5} In his first assigned error, Marrero argues there was an unreasonable delay
in resentencing him. He contends that although he entered his plea on February 19,
2002, he did not receive a valid sentence until September 21, 2010 because his original
sentence was void due to the trial court’s failure to properly impose postrelease control.
{¶ 6} This court has repeatedly held that Crim.R. 32(A)’s requirement that a
sentence be imposed without unnecessary delay does not apply to resentencing hearings.
State v. Wright, Cuyahoga App. No. 95096, 2011-Ohio-733; State v. Harris, Cuyahoga
App. No. 95010, 2011-Ohio-482; State v. Coleman, Cuyahoga App. No. 94866,
2011-Ohio-341; State v. McQueen, Cuyahoga App. No. 91370, 2009-Ohio-1085; State v.
Craddock, Cuyahoga App. No. 94387, 2010-Ohio-5782; State v. Huber, Cuyahoga App.
No. 85082, 2005-Ohio-2625. In so holding, we rationalized that it is when the original
sentence is imposed that determines whether there was unreasonable delay.
{¶ 7} The Ohio Supreme Court’s recent holding in State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio
St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, supports this conclusion. In Fischer, the
Court modified the holding in State v. Bezak, 114 Ohio St.3d 94, 2007-Ohio-3250, 868
N.E.2d 961, to the extent that Fischer held a “complete de novo resentencing is not 5 required when a defendant prevails only as to the postrelease-control aspect of a
particular sentence * * * and the limited resentencing must cover only the postrelease
control.” Fischer at ¶17. In so holding, the Court explained that only the postrelease
control portion of the sentence is void, not the entire sentence. In the instant case,
Marrero entered his plea on February 19, 2002, and was sentenced that same day;
therefore, he was clearly sentenced in a timely manner.
{¶ 8} Nonetheless, Marrero argues that in consideration of Fischer, we should
conclude that the postrelease control portion of his sentence was entered with
unreasonable delay. Given the numerous cases from this district that hold that Crim.R.
32(A) does not apply to resentencing, some of which predate Fischer, we conclude there
is no basis to create an exception. See Craddock; Huber; McQueen; State v. Taylor
(Oct. 29, 1992), Cuyahoga App. No. 63295; State v. Corrigan, Cuyahoga App. No.
83088, 2004-Ohio-4346. Moreover, the Supreme Court has sanctioned long intervals
between an original, void sentence and a proper entry resulting from a resentencing
hearing. See State ex rel. Carnail v. McCormick, 126 Ohio St.3d 124, 2010-Ohio-2671,
931 N.E.2d 110,(in which the Supreme Court, in 2010, ordered that a trial court properly
issue a sentencing entry that includes postrelease control when Carnail was originally
sentenced in 1999); State ex rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353,
2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, (defendant resentenced to include postrelease control 6 shortly prior to expiration of a three-year prison sentence). Accordingly, Marrero’s first
assigned error is overruled.
Resentencing Violated his Expectation of Finality
{¶ 9} In his second assigned error, Marrero argues that his expectation of finality
and protection from double jeopardy precludes the trial court from adding postrelease
control to his sentence. In so arguing, he relies on cases from the federal First and Sixth
Circuits that hold that at some point an expectation of finality attaches to an illegal
sentence.
{¶ 10} Ohio state courts, however, have repeatedly addressed the same due process
claims Marrero has raised and have consistently held that such resentencing does not
violate finality or double jeopardy restraints because jeopardy does not attach to a void
sentence. See State v. Simpkins, 117 Ohio St.3d 420, 2008 -Ohio-1197, 884 N.E.2d 568,
at ¶37; State v. Powell, 3d Dist. No. 10-07-12, 2008-Ohio-1012; State v. Beasley (1984),
14 Ohio St.3d 74, 75, 471 N.E.2d 774
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[Cite as State v. Marrero, 2011-Ohio-3587.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 95859
STATE OF OHIO PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
REINALDO MARRERO DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-417246
BEFORE: Blackmon, P.J., Boyle, J., and Celebrezze, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: July 21, 2011 2 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Robert L. Tobik Chief Public Defender
By: David M. King Assistant Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue Suite 200 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Thorin O. Freeman Assistant County Prosecutor 8th Floor Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant Reinaldo Marrero (“Marrero”) appeals his conviction for drug
trafficking and assigns the following four errors for our review:
“I. The trial court was divested of jurisdiction to impose sentence upon Mr. Marrero due to the inexcusable delay between appellant’s plea and finding of guilt in February of 2002 and his subsequent sentencing more than eight years later.”
“II. The trial court erred in sentencing Mr. Marrero after he had served more than seven years of his prison term despite Mr. Marrero’s expectation of finality in violation of the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and Ohio Constitution Article I, Section 10.” 3
“III. The trial court erred to the prejudice of Mr. Marrero when it improperly imposed consecutive sentences in violation of R.C. 2929.14 and 2929.41, United States Constitution Amendments V and XIV, and Ohio Constitution Article I, Sections 10 & 16.”
“IV. Pursuant to United States Constitution Amendments V and XIV, and Ohio Constitution Article I, Section 16, the trial court did not have jurisdiction to resentence Mr. Marrero because he had completed serving his sentence before his sentence de novo held September 13, 2010.”
{¶ 2} Having reviewed the record and pertinent law, we affirm Marrero’s
conviction. The apposite facts follow.
Facts
{¶ 3} On December 7, 2001, the Cuyahoga County Grand Jury indicted Marrero
in Case No. 417246, for three counts of drug trafficking, three counts of drug possession,
and one count of possession of criminal tools. On February 19, 2002, Marrero
withdrew his previously entered not guilty plea and entered a plea to one count of drug
trafficking with a juvenile specification. The remaining counts were dismissed. The
trial court immediately sentenced Marrero to the agreed upon five years in prison.
Additionally, the court ordered the sentence to run concurrently with the sentence
imposed in another case, Case No. 417361, but consecutive to the sentences he was
serving in Case Nos. 403692 and 408714, that were imposed in November 2001, for a
total of ten years in prison.
{¶ 4} On August 20, 2010, the state filed a motion for the trial court to resentence
Marrero because his sentence did not provide an adequate notice of postrelease control. 4 After conducting a de novo resentencing hearing, the trial court resentenced Marrero to
five years in prison to be served consecutively with the November 2001 sentences and
also imposed a mandatory term of five years postrelease control.
Unreasonable Delay in Resentencing
{¶ 5} In his first assigned error, Marrero argues there was an unreasonable delay
in resentencing him. He contends that although he entered his plea on February 19,
2002, he did not receive a valid sentence until September 21, 2010 because his original
sentence was void due to the trial court’s failure to properly impose postrelease control.
{¶ 6} This court has repeatedly held that Crim.R. 32(A)’s requirement that a
sentence be imposed without unnecessary delay does not apply to resentencing hearings.
State v. Wright, Cuyahoga App. No. 95096, 2011-Ohio-733; State v. Harris, Cuyahoga
App. No. 95010, 2011-Ohio-482; State v. Coleman, Cuyahoga App. No. 94866,
2011-Ohio-341; State v. McQueen, Cuyahoga App. No. 91370, 2009-Ohio-1085; State v.
Craddock, Cuyahoga App. No. 94387, 2010-Ohio-5782; State v. Huber, Cuyahoga App.
No. 85082, 2005-Ohio-2625. In so holding, we rationalized that it is when the original
sentence is imposed that determines whether there was unreasonable delay.
{¶ 7} The Ohio Supreme Court’s recent holding in State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio
St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, supports this conclusion. In Fischer, the
Court modified the holding in State v. Bezak, 114 Ohio St.3d 94, 2007-Ohio-3250, 868
N.E.2d 961, to the extent that Fischer held a “complete de novo resentencing is not 5 required when a defendant prevails only as to the postrelease-control aspect of a
particular sentence * * * and the limited resentencing must cover only the postrelease
control.” Fischer at ¶17. In so holding, the Court explained that only the postrelease
control portion of the sentence is void, not the entire sentence. In the instant case,
Marrero entered his plea on February 19, 2002, and was sentenced that same day;
therefore, he was clearly sentenced in a timely manner.
{¶ 8} Nonetheless, Marrero argues that in consideration of Fischer, we should
conclude that the postrelease control portion of his sentence was entered with
unreasonable delay. Given the numerous cases from this district that hold that Crim.R.
32(A) does not apply to resentencing, some of which predate Fischer, we conclude there
is no basis to create an exception. See Craddock; Huber; McQueen; State v. Taylor
(Oct. 29, 1992), Cuyahoga App. No. 63295; State v. Corrigan, Cuyahoga App. No.
83088, 2004-Ohio-4346. Moreover, the Supreme Court has sanctioned long intervals
between an original, void sentence and a proper entry resulting from a resentencing
hearing. See State ex rel. Carnail v. McCormick, 126 Ohio St.3d 124, 2010-Ohio-2671,
931 N.E.2d 110,(in which the Supreme Court, in 2010, ordered that a trial court properly
issue a sentencing entry that includes postrelease control when Carnail was originally
sentenced in 1999); State ex rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353,
2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, (defendant resentenced to include postrelease control 6 shortly prior to expiration of a three-year prison sentence). Accordingly, Marrero’s first
assigned error is overruled.
Resentencing Violated his Expectation of Finality
{¶ 9} In his second assigned error, Marrero argues that his expectation of finality
and protection from double jeopardy precludes the trial court from adding postrelease
control to his sentence. In so arguing, he relies on cases from the federal First and Sixth
Circuits that hold that at some point an expectation of finality attaches to an illegal
sentence.
{¶ 10} Ohio state courts, however, have repeatedly addressed the same due process
claims Marrero has raised and have consistently held that such resentencing does not
violate finality or double jeopardy restraints because jeopardy does not attach to a void
sentence. See State v. Simpkins, 117 Ohio St.3d 420, 2008 -Ohio-1197, 884 N.E.2d 568,
at ¶37; State v. Powell, 3d Dist. No. 10-07-12, 2008-Ohio-1012; State v. Beasley (1984),
14 Ohio St.3d 74, 75, 471 N.E.2d 774 (trial court’s correction of a statutorily incorrect
sentence did not violate appellant’s right to be free from double jeopardy); State v.
Ramey,10th Dist. No. 06AP-245, 2006-Ohio-6429 (an invalid sentence for which there is
no statutory authority is a circumstance under which there can be no expectation of
finality to trigger the protections of the Double Jeopardy Clause.) Thus, to the extent the
postrelease control portion of the sentence was void, no expectation of finality existed.
State v. Hunter, Cuyahoga App. Nos. 95111, 95112, and 95113, 2011-Ohio-1682; State v. 7 Zganjer, Cuyahoga App. No. 94724, 2011-Ohio-606. Accordingly, Marrero’s second
Maximum, Consecutive Sentence
{¶ 11} In his third assigned error, Marrero argues that the trial court erred by
imposing consecutive sentences without making findings under R.C. 2929.14(E)(4) and
asserts that the holding in State v. Foster, 109 Ohio St.3d 1, 2006-Ohio-856, 845 N.E.2d
470, that the statute was unconstitutional, is no longer valid in light of Oregon v. Ice
(2009), 555 U.S. 160, 129 S.Ct. 711, 172 L.Ed.2d 517.
{¶ 12} We reject this argument on the authority of State v. Hodge, 128 Ohio St.3d
1, 2010-Ohio-6320, 941 N.E.2d 768, in which the Ohio Supreme Court held that Ice does
not revive R.C. 2929.14(E)(4). Id. at paragraph two of the syllabus. Accordingly,
Marrero’s third assigned error is overruled.
Trial Court lacked Jurisdiction
{¶ 13} In his fourth assigned error, Marrero argues the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to impose postrelease control because he had completed his sentence for the
drug trafficking charge.
{¶ 14} We agree that once a defendant serves the entire sentence imposed by the
trial court, the court is without jurisdiction to impose postrelease control. State v. Bezak,
114 Ohio St.3d 94, 2007-Ohio-325, 868 N.E.2d 961. Marrero argues he was sentenced
to a total of 10 years in prison and that the five years imposed for the drug conviction had 8 to be served first because it was a mandatory sentence. He, therefore, concludes that
because he has served his time for the drug conviction, the court cannot impose
postrelease control for that offense.
{¶ 15} Marrero’s consecutive sentence did not derive from one case. Instead, the
sentence he received in the drug trafficking case was ordered to be served consecutive to
an earlier case he was sentenced upon. The sentence for the earlier case was imposed on
November 15, 2001, while the sentence for the instant case was imposed on February 8,
2002. In fact, Marrero was indicted in the instant case on December 7, 2001, after the
sentence was imposed in the first case. To argue that he served the second case prior to
the first case is illogical because there is no way to stop the sentence in the first case in
order that the term in the second case can commence.
{¶ 16} We acknowledge that O.A.C. 5120-2-021(L) requires that mandatory
prison terms must be served prior to nonmandatory terms; however, common sense
dictates that the rule applies when consecutive sentences are imposed regarding offenses
in a single case. Accordingly, Marrero’s fourth assigned error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant its costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 9 It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into
execution. The defendant’s conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending appeal is
terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for execution of sentence.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of
the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, PRESIDING JUDGE
MARY J. BOYLE, J., and FRANK D. CELEBREZZE, JR., J., CONCUR