State v. MacY

403 N.W.2d 743, 1987 S.D. LEXIS 257
CourtSouth Dakota Supreme Court
DecidedApril 8, 1987
Docket15402
StatusPublished
Cited by10 cases

This text of 403 N.W.2d 743 (State v. MacY) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering South Dakota Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. MacY, 403 N.W.2d 743, 1987 S.D. LEXIS 257 (S.D. 1987).

Opinions

WUEST, Chief Justice.

Appellant, Ralph Macy, appeals the circuit court’s revocation of suspended imposition of sentence. We affirm.

On February 7, 1983, appellant plead guilty to passing checks against insufficient funds (first degree), in violation of SDCL 22-41-1. Appellant faced a maximum of two years in the South Dakota State Penitentiary. SDCL 22-6-1(8). As part of a plea agreement, on March 18, 1983, the circuit court entered an order suspending imposition of sentence and placed appellant on ten years probation. Part of the conditions of probation were that appellant (1) violate no laws of any jurisdiction during this period; (2) make restitution of $158,000; (3) submit an updated restitution plan and a report of his financial status every six months; (4) have no insufficient funds checks; (5) maintain only one checking account; (6) record all income and expenses for amounts over $50; (7) honor all loan obligations; and, (8) perform 300 hours of community service.

Appellant wrote an insufficient funds check for $320 on June 15, 1985. His supervising court service officer filed a petition to revoke the suspended imposition of sentence based upon the June 15th check and a number of other checks written against insufficient funds between April and August 1983. The court revoked the order suspending imposition of sentence. In its order the court concluded that defendant had violated the terms of his probation by writing “insufficient funds” checks. There was the $320 returned check from July 15th as well as six others written in June and July, 1985. The court also concluded that defendant had written checks on a second account and had not reported all transactions over fifty dollars. The petition for revocation did not contain notice of other alleged violations. The court entered a judgment of conviction and sentenced the appellant to two years imprisonment. The court did not rule on appellant’s motion to correct illegal sentence.

Appellant argues that a period of probation cannot exceed the authorized maximum term of imprisonment. Appellant argues that if SDCL 23A-27-13 allows a court to set probation longer than the maximum sentence, then it is an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power to the judicial branch.

“[Ijmposition or execution of a sentence may be suspended by the court empowered to impose the sentence unless otherwise provided by law.” S.D. Const, art. V, § 5.

Upon receiving a verdict or plea of guilty for a misdemeanor or felony not punishable by death or life imprisonment by a person never before convicted of a crime which at the time of conviction thereof would constitute a felony in this state, a court having jurisdiction of the defendant, when satisfied that the ends of justice and the best interest of the public as well as the defendant will be served thereby may, without entering a judgment of guilty, and with the consent of the defendant, suspend the imposition of sentence and place the defendant on pro[745]*745bation for such period and upon such terms and conditions as the court may deem best. A court may revoke such suspension at any time during the probationary period and impose and execute sentence without diminishment or credit for any of the probationary period.

SDCL 23A-27-13.

Many states legislatively fix maximum periods of probation to a set number of years. See American Bar Association Standards for Criminal Justice, Standard 18-2.-3, 18-81 n. 19 (2 Ed. 1980 & 1986 Supp). Those fixed periods do not relate directly to the maximum term of imprisonment authorized for the relevant offense. Other states do legislatively limit probationary periods to the maximum sentence authorized for the offense. ABA Standards, supra. South Dakota, however, does not limit the court’s discretion in setting the period of probation.

There are good reasons for allowing flexibility in the length of suspended imposition of sentence as well as the conditions. The judge has the position, proximity, and perspective to provide an individualized, and retrospective evaluation of the offense and the offender. Appellant was free to accept the suspended imposition of sentence alternative in lieu of sentencing. SDCL 23A-27-13. He chose probation but now challenges what he voluntarily accepted.

Appellant asks this court to follow People v. Knaub, 624 P.2d 922 (Colo.Ct.App.1980) and Watts v. State, 328 So.2d 223 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1976). Those courts held that the duration of probation could not exceed the allowable term of confinement, but both states have statutory limits. In Colorado, probation is allowed “[wjithin the limitations of the penalties provided by the classification of the offense ...” COLO. REV.STAT. § 16-11-101(1) (1986). In Florida, similarly, limiting statutes still control. See FLA.STAT.ANN. §§ 948.01(5), 948.-04(1) (West 1985). South Dakota has no limiting statute.

Appellant also asks this court to follow Hicklin v. State of Wyoming, 535 P.2d 743 (Wyo.1975). The Wyoming Court held that since courts can only impose those sentences authorized by the legislature, and since probation is constructive confinement, therefore probation cannot exceed a period in excess of the maximum term of imprisonment authorized for violation of the relevant offense. The Court reached that conclusion even though Wyoming’s probation statute allowed the period of probation and the conditions thereof to be determined by the court.

We do not feel compelled to accept the reasoning of the Wyoming court over the provisions of SDCL 23A-27-13. This court has ruled that probation is an alternative to sentencing, not an actual sentence.1 See State v. Jackson, 272 N.W.2d 102 (1978). Thus we hold the court’s discretion to set a probation period is not an unconstitutional delegation of legislative authority.

Appellant argues the ten year period of suspended imposition of sentence was illegal, hence his motion for discharge should have been granted. First, appellant’s probation was not illegal. Second, since appellant did not observe the conditions of his probation, he was not entitled to discharge. SDCL 23A-27-14. Appellant also argues that the court should have granted his motion to correct an illegal sentence.2 We will not address the issue because appellant failed to brief the argument. An assignment of error not briefed and argued is deemed abandoned. Graham v. State, 328 N.W.2d 254 (S.D.1982).

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State v. MacY
403 N.W.2d 743 (South Dakota Supreme Court, 1987)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
403 N.W.2d 743, 1987 S.D. LEXIS 257, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-macy-sd-1987.