VERGERONT, J.
Richard Ludeking was charged with third offense operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of an intoxicant contrary to
§ 346.63(l)(a), STATS.;
third offense operating a motor vehicle with a prohibited blood alcohol concentration contrary to § 346.63(l)(b);
and fourth offense operating after revocation of one's license (OAR) as an habitual traffic offender contrary to § 343.44(1), STATS. He was convicted of all three offenses.
Ludeking appeals the convictions, claiming that the trial court erred when it admitted evidence of prior OMVWI con
victions.
Because we conclude that prior OMVWI convictions are an element of the offense of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration under §§ 346.63(l)(b) and 340.01(46m)(b), STATS., we affirm the convictions.
The pertinent facts are not in dispute. Prior to trial, Ludeking filed a motion
in limine,
seeking to exclude any reference to his prior convictions for OMVWI, OAR and any other moving or non-moving traffic offenses. He also asked that there be no references to the fact that he was being charged with third offense OMVWI and fourth offense OAR as an habitual traffic offender.
The trial court ruled that the State could introduce a record showing that Ludeking was sent an order of revocation but could not refer to his habitual traffic offender status except on rebuttal if Ludeking denied knowledge of the revocation. The court decided the State could present evidence of Ludeking's two prior OMVWI convictions because, in the court's view, that was an element of the OMVWI charge under § 346.63(l)(b), STATS., and the State had to prove it beyond a reasonable doubt. In reaching this decision, the court relied on WlS J I — CRIMINAL 2660.1.
The
State agreed that it did not need to refer to the fact that the OMVWI charge was the third offense since the State was permitted to prove the two prior OMVWI convictions, and it agreed that it did not need to refer to the "fourth offense" or "habitual traffic offender" in connection with the OAR charge. The court ordered that portions of Ludeking's driving record abstract be masked to cover up all information except that which it had specifically ruled was admissible.
Pursuant to the trial court's ruling, evidence of Ludeking's two prior OMVWI convictions was presented to the jury. The jury convicted Ludeking on all three charges. Ludeking argues that the prior OMVWI convictions are not an element of the charge of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration.
A crime is "conduct which is prohibited by state law and punishable by fine or imprisonment or both." Section 939.12, STATS. In order to determine the ele
ments of a crime, we look to the statute prohibiting the conduct.
See State v. McAllister,
107 Wis. 2d 532, 535, 319 N.W.2d 865, 867 (1982). Whether the trial court correctly decided that the two prior convictions were an element of the crime of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration depends upon an interpretation of § 346.63(l)(b), STATS. The construction of a statute when the facts are not disputed presents an issue of law, which this court reviews
de novo,
without deference to the trial court's determination.
Tahtinen v. MSI Ins. Co.,
122 Wis. 2d 158, 166, 361 N.W.2d 673, 677 (1985).
In construing a statute, our purpose is to ascertain and give effect to the legislative intent.
State ex rel. Dieckhoff v. Severson,
145 Wis. 2d 180, 189, 426 N.W.2d 71, 73 (Ct. App. 1988). We first look to the language of the statute and if that is unambiguous, our duty is to give the language its ordinary meaning.
Id.
at 190, 426 N.W.2d at 73. Legislative history cannot be used to demonstrate that a statute, unambiguous on its face, is ambiguous.
State v. Martin,
162 Wis. 2d 883, 897 n.5, 470 N.W.2d 900, 905 (1991).
Under § 346.63(l)(b), STATS., no person may operate a motor vehicle while" [t]he person has a prohibited alcohol concentration."
The plain language of § 340.01(46m)(b), Stats., defines "prohibited alcohol concentration" to include two separate components: (1) percentage of blood alcohol concentration by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or grams of alcohol in 210 liters of the person's breath, and (2) number of prior convictions.
A person
operating a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more, but less than a blood alcohol concentration of 0.1%, has not committed a crime unless that person has two prior convictions.
Ludeking argues that § 340.01(46m)(b), STATS., is ambiguous and therefore we must look to the legislative history. That legislative history, Ludeking contends, shows that the purpose in adopting it was to reduce the prohibited blood alcohol concentration for third and subsequent offenders. The legislative history does not show, according to Ludeking, whether the prior convictions of a third or subsequent offender are an element of the crime. According to Ludeking, the lack of legislative history on this point means that we cannot conclude the legislature intended the prior convictions to be an element of the crime. The legislative history is irrelevant. The statute is unambiguous. The only reasonable construction of § 340.01(46m)(b) makes the two or more prior convictions an element of the crime of driving with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more.
Ludeking also contends that evidence of his prior convictions is similar to a criminal defendant's prior record when charged as a repeater under § 939.62, STATS.
In
Mulkovich v. State,
73 Wis. 2d 464, 243 N.W.2d 198 (1976), the court held that it was error to read the repeater charge to a jury because the repeater charge is relevant only to the imposition of sentence after a jury has made a finding of guilt.
Id.
at 468, 243
N.W.2d at 201. Section 340.01(46m)(b), Stats., in contrast, defines the crime so that the jury can make a finding on guilt. This distinction was discussed in more detail in
McAllister.
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VERGERONT, J.
Richard Ludeking was charged with third offense operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of an intoxicant contrary to
§ 346.63(l)(a), STATS.;
third offense operating a motor vehicle with a prohibited blood alcohol concentration contrary to § 346.63(l)(b);
and fourth offense operating after revocation of one's license (OAR) as an habitual traffic offender contrary to § 343.44(1), STATS. He was convicted of all three offenses.
Ludeking appeals the convictions, claiming that the trial court erred when it admitted evidence of prior OMVWI con
victions.
Because we conclude that prior OMVWI convictions are an element of the offense of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration under §§ 346.63(l)(b) and 340.01(46m)(b), STATS., we affirm the convictions.
The pertinent facts are not in dispute. Prior to trial, Ludeking filed a motion
in limine,
seeking to exclude any reference to his prior convictions for OMVWI, OAR and any other moving or non-moving traffic offenses. He also asked that there be no references to the fact that he was being charged with third offense OMVWI and fourth offense OAR as an habitual traffic offender.
The trial court ruled that the State could introduce a record showing that Ludeking was sent an order of revocation but could not refer to his habitual traffic offender status except on rebuttal if Ludeking denied knowledge of the revocation. The court decided the State could present evidence of Ludeking's two prior OMVWI convictions because, in the court's view, that was an element of the OMVWI charge under § 346.63(l)(b), STATS., and the State had to prove it beyond a reasonable doubt. In reaching this decision, the court relied on WlS J I — CRIMINAL 2660.1.
The
State agreed that it did not need to refer to the fact that the OMVWI charge was the third offense since the State was permitted to prove the two prior OMVWI convictions, and it agreed that it did not need to refer to the "fourth offense" or "habitual traffic offender" in connection with the OAR charge. The court ordered that portions of Ludeking's driving record abstract be masked to cover up all information except that which it had specifically ruled was admissible.
Pursuant to the trial court's ruling, evidence of Ludeking's two prior OMVWI convictions was presented to the jury. The jury convicted Ludeking on all three charges. Ludeking argues that the prior OMVWI convictions are not an element of the charge of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration.
A crime is "conduct which is prohibited by state law and punishable by fine or imprisonment or both." Section 939.12, STATS. In order to determine the ele
ments of a crime, we look to the statute prohibiting the conduct.
See State v. McAllister,
107 Wis. 2d 532, 535, 319 N.W.2d 865, 867 (1982). Whether the trial court correctly decided that the two prior convictions were an element of the crime of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration depends upon an interpretation of § 346.63(l)(b), STATS. The construction of a statute when the facts are not disputed presents an issue of law, which this court reviews
de novo,
without deference to the trial court's determination.
Tahtinen v. MSI Ins. Co.,
122 Wis. 2d 158, 166, 361 N.W.2d 673, 677 (1985).
In construing a statute, our purpose is to ascertain and give effect to the legislative intent.
State ex rel. Dieckhoff v. Severson,
145 Wis. 2d 180, 189, 426 N.W.2d 71, 73 (Ct. App. 1988). We first look to the language of the statute and if that is unambiguous, our duty is to give the language its ordinary meaning.
Id.
at 190, 426 N.W.2d at 73. Legislative history cannot be used to demonstrate that a statute, unambiguous on its face, is ambiguous.
State v. Martin,
162 Wis. 2d 883, 897 n.5, 470 N.W.2d 900, 905 (1991).
Under § 346.63(l)(b), STATS., no person may operate a motor vehicle while" [t]he person has a prohibited alcohol concentration."
The plain language of § 340.01(46m)(b), Stats., defines "prohibited alcohol concentration" to include two separate components: (1) percentage of blood alcohol concentration by weight of alcohol in the person's blood or grams of alcohol in 210 liters of the person's breath, and (2) number of prior convictions.
A person
operating a motor vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more, but less than a blood alcohol concentration of 0.1%, has not committed a crime unless that person has two prior convictions.
Ludeking argues that § 340.01(46m)(b), STATS., is ambiguous and therefore we must look to the legislative history. That legislative history, Ludeking contends, shows that the purpose in adopting it was to reduce the prohibited blood alcohol concentration for third and subsequent offenders. The legislative history does not show, according to Ludeking, whether the prior convictions of a third or subsequent offender are an element of the crime. According to Ludeking, the lack of legislative history on this point means that we cannot conclude the legislature intended the prior convictions to be an element of the crime. The legislative history is irrelevant. The statute is unambiguous. The only reasonable construction of § 340.01(46m)(b) makes the two or more prior convictions an element of the crime of driving with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08% or more.
Ludeking also contends that evidence of his prior convictions is similar to a criminal defendant's prior record when charged as a repeater under § 939.62, STATS.
In
Mulkovich v. State,
73 Wis. 2d 464, 243 N.W.2d 198 (1976), the court held that it was error to read the repeater charge to a jury because the repeater charge is relevant only to the imposition of sentence after a jury has made a finding of guilt.
Id.
at 468, 243
N.W.2d at 201. Section 340.01(46m)(b), Stats., in contrast, defines the crime so that the jury can make a finding on guilt. This distinction was discussed in more detail in
McAllister.
There the court held that prior revocations under § 346.65(2), STATS., are not an element of the crime of driving while under the influence in violation of § 346.63(1), STATS.,
because the graduated penalty structure in § 346.65(2) goes only to the question of punishment, not to "the nature of the substantive offense."
McAllister,
107 Wis. 2d at 535, 319 N.W.2d at 867. Section 340.01(46m)(b) is not a repeater statute or penalty enhancer. It does not define the penalty for violating § 346.63(l)(b). It defines the element of § 346.63(l)(b), "prohibited alcohol concentration." It defines part of the offense itself.
We recognize the potential for prejudice any time evidence of a defendant's prior record is presented to a jury. Ludeking stresses this in his brief. However, Ludeking's prior convictions are nevertheless elements of the crime under §§ 346.63(l)(b) and 340.01(46m)(b), Stats. Wisconsin J I — Criminal 2660.1 provides that at the request of the defendant the following cautionary instruction should be given: "Evidence has been received that the defendant had prior convictions, suspensions, or revocations. This evidence was received as relevant to the status of the defendant's driving record,
which is an issue in this case. It must not be used for any other purpose." The trial court gave this instruction. There is a presumption that a jury follows the instructions given to it.
State v. Truax,
151 Wis. 2d 354, 362, 444 N.W.2d 432, 436 (Ct. App. 1989).
Because two or more prior convictions are an element of the offense of driving with a prohibited alcohol concentration in violation of §§ 346.63(l)(b) and 340.01(46m)(b), Stats., the trial court properly admitted evidence of Ludeking's two prior convictions.
By
the Court.
— Judgment affirmed.