Dupont, C. J.
The main issue of these combined appeals is whether the defendant’s motions to withdraw his pleas of guilty should have been granted because his pleas were not made knowingly and voluntarily. Specifically, he claims that the trial court erred in not advising him during the taking of his pleas of the mandatory minimum sentences which could be imposed for the crimes with which he was charged, and in accepting the pleas when he was under stress and suffering from a mental illness. A second issue raised by the defendant is whether the same trial court acted as an unsworn witness at the defendant’s hearing on his motions to withdraw his pleas, thereby depriving him of his federal sixth amendment rights. The defendant claims that these alleged errors of the court require that his cases be remanded to the trial court with direction that he be allowed to withdraw his guilty pleas.
On January 13, 1983, the defendant’s counsel filed motions, under General Statutes § 54-56d, to determine his competence to stand trial. Pursuant to these motions, the defendant was found competent to stand trial. On July 26, 1983, the defendant entered guilty pleas under the Alford doctrine to all of the counts in all of the informations with which he was charged.1 See [493]*493North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970). The plea agreement was that the state would recommend a total effective sentence of ten years, suspended after eight years, and that the defendant could argue for a lesser sentence. It is clear from the record that the entire plea bargain was a unitary package.
Written motions to withdraw the pleas as involuntary due to the defendant’s “mental status” were filed on August 3, 1984. All of the motions were identical, were based upon a report concerning the mental illness of the defendant prepared one and one-half months after the date of the taking of the pleas, and specifically alleged that the canvasses of the defendant’s pleas were proper under Practice Book §§ 711 through 713. The trial court, Callahan, J., which had originally accepted the pleas, heard testimony on the motions and denied them. The denials were based solely upon a [494]*494review of the testimony relating to the defendant’s mental condition existing at the time the pleas were taken, and upon the court’s own knowledge of the defendant’s attitude, appearance, and manner at that time. Ultimately, on March 15, 1985, the trial court, Nigro, J., imposed a series of concurrent sentences, with a total effective sentence of eight years. These appeals followed.
The state concedes that the trial court did not, during the canvasses of the defendant’s pleas, inform the defendant of the mandatory minimum sentences for each of the crimes with which he was charged, as mandated by Practice Book § 711 (1).2 Both parties concede that the defendant did not raise the first issue of this appeal during the hearing on the defendant’s motions to withdraw his pleas. Since the record supports the defendant’s claims that a violation of a fundamental constitutional right is involved, however, the claims may be considered for the first time on appeal. State v. Childree, 189 Conn. 114, 119, 454 A.2d 1274 (1983); State v. Evans, 5 Conn. App. 113, 116, 497 A.2d 73 (1985); see also State v. James, 197 Conn. 358, 365, 497 A.2d 402 (1985) (failure to comply with Practice Book [494A]*494A§ 711 raises “grave questions . . . pertaining to the voluntary nature of the plea and consequently its constitutional validity”).3
The failure of the trial court to canvass the defendant’s pleas in order to ascertain the knowing, voluntary, and intelligent nature of his pleas is of constitutional dimension and is cognizable on appeal under the “exceptional circumstances” doctrine of State v. Evans, 165 Conn. 61, 70, 327 A.2d 576 (1973). State v. Badgett, 200 Conn. 412, 418, 434, 512 A.2d 160 (1986); State v. Amarillo, 198 Conn. 285, 313 n.16, 503 A.2d 146 (1986).
The principles oí Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243, 89 S. Ct. 1709, 23 L. Ed. 2d 274 (1969), require that a plea be knowing, intelligent and voluntary. In State v. Badgett, supra, a plea was found to be knowing, intelligent and voluntary because the record showed that the defendant must have been aware of his right to a jury trial, although the trial court only advised him of his right to a trial. There was, in effect, substantial compliance with a constitutional requirement and with Practice Book § 711 (5) although there was not precise compliance. In the present case, there is nothing in the record from which we can assume that the defendant was aware of the mandatory minimum sentences for each of the crimes with which he was charged or that two of those crimes provided for sentences which could not be suspended. Not only was there no substantial compliance with Practice Book § 711 (2) and (3), there was no compliance with those sections at all.
[494B]*494BWe do not read State v. Badgett as holding that the federal constitution requires only that there be a voluntary waiver during a plea canvass of the right to a jury trial, the right of confrontation, and the right against self-incrimination. Boykin v. Alabama, supra, upon which Badgett must and does rely, involved a situation where there was no plea canvass at all. The Boykin court emphasizes that a plea of guilty is a conviction and that it must be voluntary. Although that court discusses the triumverate of knowledge of rights to a jury trial, confrontation, and the right not to incriminate oneself, the court also discusses the fact that the defendant must be aware of and have an understanding of all of the elements of the crime or crimes with which he is charged, and of his sixth amendment right to counsel. The essential holding of Boykin is that an accused must be equipped with a full understanding of what a guilty plea “connotes and of its consequences.” One consequence of a guilty plea is surely the punishment which may follow. The dissenters in Badgett state that the entire court agrees that the defendant may challenge the constitutional implications of his plea canvass even though he failed to mount such a challenge in the trial court. It is also clear that the dissent does not interpret the majority decision as negating the obligation of the trial court to acquaint the defendant with the elements of the crime, and the maximum penalty for the crime.
The provisions of Practice Book § 711 are mandatory when challenged on direct appeal. “ ‘After a guilty plea is accepted but before the imposition of sentence the court is obligated to permit withdrawal upon proof of one of the grounds in § 721.’ ”4 State v. Lasher,
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Dupont, C. J.
The main issue of these combined appeals is whether the defendant’s motions to withdraw his pleas of guilty should have been granted because his pleas were not made knowingly and voluntarily. Specifically, he claims that the trial court erred in not advising him during the taking of his pleas of the mandatory minimum sentences which could be imposed for the crimes with which he was charged, and in accepting the pleas when he was under stress and suffering from a mental illness. A second issue raised by the defendant is whether the same trial court acted as an unsworn witness at the defendant’s hearing on his motions to withdraw his pleas, thereby depriving him of his federal sixth amendment rights. The defendant claims that these alleged errors of the court require that his cases be remanded to the trial court with direction that he be allowed to withdraw his guilty pleas.
On January 13, 1983, the defendant’s counsel filed motions, under General Statutes § 54-56d, to determine his competence to stand trial. Pursuant to these motions, the defendant was found competent to stand trial. On July 26, 1983, the defendant entered guilty pleas under the Alford doctrine to all of the counts in all of the informations with which he was charged.1 See [493]*493North Carolina v. Alford, 400 U.S. 25, 91 S. Ct. 160, 27 L. Ed. 2d 162 (1970). The plea agreement was that the state would recommend a total effective sentence of ten years, suspended after eight years, and that the defendant could argue for a lesser sentence. It is clear from the record that the entire plea bargain was a unitary package.
Written motions to withdraw the pleas as involuntary due to the defendant’s “mental status” were filed on August 3, 1984. All of the motions were identical, were based upon a report concerning the mental illness of the defendant prepared one and one-half months after the date of the taking of the pleas, and specifically alleged that the canvasses of the defendant’s pleas were proper under Practice Book §§ 711 through 713. The trial court, Callahan, J., which had originally accepted the pleas, heard testimony on the motions and denied them. The denials were based solely upon a [494]*494review of the testimony relating to the defendant’s mental condition existing at the time the pleas were taken, and upon the court’s own knowledge of the defendant’s attitude, appearance, and manner at that time. Ultimately, on March 15, 1985, the trial court, Nigro, J., imposed a series of concurrent sentences, with a total effective sentence of eight years. These appeals followed.
The state concedes that the trial court did not, during the canvasses of the defendant’s pleas, inform the defendant of the mandatory minimum sentences for each of the crimes with which he was charged, as mandated by Practice Book § 711 (1).2 Both parties concede that the defendant did not raise the first issue of this appeal during the hearing on the defendant’s motions to withdraw his pleas. Since the record supports the defendant’s claims that a violation of a fundamental constitutional right is involved, however, the claims may be considered for the first time on appeal. State v. Childree, 189 Conn. 114, 119, 454 A.2d 1274 (1983); State v. Evans, 5 Conn. App. 113, 116, 497 A.2d 73 (1985); see also State v. James, 197 Conn. 358, 365, 497 A.2d 402 (1985) (failure to comply with Practice Book [494A]*494A§ 711 raises “grave questions . . . pertaining to the voluntary nature of the plea and consequently its constitutional validity”).3
The failure of the trial court to canvass the defendant’s pleas in order to ascertain the knowing, voluntary, and intelligent nature of his pleas is of constitutional dimension and is cognizable on appeal under the “exceptional circumstances” doctrine of State v. Evans, 165 Conn. 61, 70, 327 A.2d 576 (1973). State v. Badgett, 200 Conn. 412, 418, 434, 512 A.2d 160 (1986); State v. Amarillo, 198 Conn. 285, 313 n.16, 503 A.2d 146 (1986).
The principles oí Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 243, 89 S. Ct. 1709, 23 L. Ed. 2d 274 (1969), require that a plea be knowing, intelligent and voluntary. In State v. Badgett, supra, a plea was found to be knowing, intelligent and voluntary because the record showed that the defendant must have been aware of his right to a jury trial, although the trial court only advised him of his right to a trial. There was, in effect, substantial compliance with a constitutional requirement and with Practice Book § 711 (5) although there was not precise compliance. In the present case, there is nothing in the record from which we can assume that the defendant was aware of the mandatory minimum sentences for each of the crimes with which he was charged or that two of those crimes provided for sentences which could not be suspended. Not only was there no substantial compliance with Practice Book § 711 (2) and (3), there was no compliance with those sections at all.
[494B]*494BWe do not read State v. Badgett as holding that the federal constitution requires only that there be a voluntary waiver during a plea canvass of the right to a jury trial, the right of confrontation, and the right against self-incrimination. Boykin v. Alabama, supra, upon which Badgett must and does rely, involved a situation where there was no plea canvass at all. The Boykin court emphasizes that a plea of guilty is a conviction and that it must be voluntary. Although that court discusses the triumverate of knowledge of rights to a jury trial, confrontation, and the right not to incriminate oneself, the court also discusses the fact that the defendant must be aware of and have an understanding of all of the elements of the crime or crimes with which he is charged, and of his sixth amendment right to counsel. The essential holding of Boykin is that an accused must be equipped with a full understanding of what a guilty plea “connotes and of its consequences.” One consequence of a guilty plea is surely the punishment which may follow. The dissenters in Badgett state that the entire court agrees that the defendant may challenge the constitutional implications of his plea canvass even though he failed to mount such a challenge in the trial court. It is also clear that the dissent does not interpret the majority decision as negating the obligation of the trial court to acquaint the defendant with the elements of the crime, and the maximum penalty for the crime.
The provisions of Practice Book § 711 are mandatory when challenged on direct appeal. “ ‘After a guilty plea is accepted but before the imposition of sentence the court is obligated to permit withdrawal upon proof of one of the grounds in § 721.’ ”4 State v. Lasher, 190 [495]*495Conn. 259, 265, 460 A.2d 970 (1983); see also State v. Watson, 198 Conn. 598, 604, 504 A.2d 497 (1986); State v. James, supra, 363-64; State v. Schaeffer, 5 Conn. App. 378, 390, 498 A.2d 134 (1985); cf. D’Amico v. Manson, 193 Conn. 144, 156-57, 476 A.2d 543 (1984) (error which requires relief on appeal does not necessarily require relief in habeas corpus proceeding). Here, there was no substantial compliance with Practice Book § 711 because of the trial court’s failure to inform the defendant of the mandatory minimum sentences for each of the crimes with which he was charged, and of the fact that, as to the two burglary counts, five years of the sentences could not be reduced or suspended. We conclude that the defendant’s motions to withdraw his pleas should have been granted.
The second claim of the defendant is that the trial court acted as an unsworn witness at the hearing on the defendant’s motions because the judge utilized his own observations about the defendant’s attitude, appearance and manner in determining the mental competency of the defendant at the time the pleas were entered. When the trial court finds that the defendant’s plea is knowing, intelligent and voluntary, there is an implicit finding that the defendant was competent at that time. State v. Watson, supra, 607. The trial judge who takes a plea is obviously in the best position to assess whether a defendant, at that time, behaved or spoke inappropriately or was, in any way, irrational. See State v. Watson, supra, 606-607. The court acted not as a witness but as the trier of the factual issue of the competency of the defendant to enter his guilty pleas. The court is mandated to determine whether guilty pleas are knowingly and voluntarily entered. Of necessity, that determination must be based, in part, upon its own personal observations relating to the demeanor, appearance and attitude of a defendant while answering the questions asked during a canvass [496]*496of a guilty plea. In this case, based upon the evidence introduced at the hearing on the defendant’s motions, and the court’s own conclusions about the defendant’s mental competency, the denial of the defendant’s motions would have been proper, absent the failure to comply with Practice Book § 711.
There is error, the judgments are set aside and the cases are remanded with direction to permit the defendant to withdraw his guilty pleas, and for further proceedings according to law.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.