[Cite as State v. Loffing, 2022-Ohio-408.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2021-CA-44 : v. : Trial Court Case Nos. 2021-CR-202 : KYLE LOFFING : : (Criminal Appeal from Defendant-Appellant : Common Pleas Court) :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 11th day of February, 2022.
IAN A. RICHARDSON, Atty. Reg. No. 0100124, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, 50 East Columbia Street, Suite 449, Springfield, Ohio 45502 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
L. PATRICK MULLIGAN, Atty. Reg. No. 0016118, 28 North Wilkinson Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
............. -2-
DONOVAN, J.
{¶ 1} Kyle Loffing appeals from his conviction for pandering sexually oriented
materials involving a minor following his guilty plea. The trial court imposed the maximum
prison sentence, and Loffing contends that the sentence was contrary to law because the
trial court showed bias against him by seeking to punish him for charges that were
dismissed under a plea agreement. We find no error and affirm.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} In April 2021, Loffing was indicted on 25 charges based on his possession of
child pornography: Counts 1-5, pandering sexually oriented materials involving a minor,
in violation of R.C. 2907.322(A)(1); Counts 6-10, pandering sexually oriented matter
involving a minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.322(A)(5); Counts 11-20, pandering obscenity
involving a minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.322(A)(5); and Counts 21-25, pandering
obscenity involving a minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.321(A)(5). Loffing had multiple
images and pictures and at least six separate videos that each showed different children,
at least one of whom was only four years old.
{¶ 3} Under a plea agreement, Loffing pleaded guilty to Count 1, pandering
sexually oriented materials involving a minor, a second-degree felony, and the state
dismissed the remaining charges and agreed to remain silent at sentencing. In July 2021,
the trial court sentenced Loffing to an indefinite term of eight to twelve years in prison, the
maximum sentence for the offense. He was also classified as a Tier II sexual offender.
{¶ 4} Loffing appeals.
II. Analysis
{¶ 5} In his sole assignment of error, Loffing argues that his sentence must be -3-
vacated because it is contrary to law.
{¶ 6} R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b) establishes the standard that we use to review
Loffing’s sentence. This provision permits an appellate court to vacate or modify a felony
sentence on appeal if the court determines by clear and convincing evidence that the
sentence is “contrary to law.”
{¶ 7} Loffing argues that his sentence is contrary to law because the trial court
improperly sought to punish him for the dismissed charges by imposing the maximum
sentence. He argues that the record “belies the trial court’s true purpose and objective in
sentencing [him]: the trial court felt that the State’s plea offer was too lenient and too
generous.” As evidence, Loffing points to the court’s comment at the sentencing hearing:
“the prosecutor did dismiss all the remaining counts involving videos and because of that
I’m not sure why the Court should give you any further consideration.” (Sentencing Tr.
11.) In support of his argument, Loffing relies on State v. Fisher, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2002-
L-020, 2003-Ohio-3499, and State v. Blake, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-03-33, 2004-Ohio-
1952. Blake acknowledges that a “trial court may consider allegations that form the basis
of charges dismissed pursuant to a plea agreement when sentencing a defendant.” Blake
at ¶ 5. But the trial court’s discretion is limited, and “cannot indicate a bias toward the
defendant indicating that the trial court believes that the defendant is guilty of the charges
which were dismissed.” Id., citing Fisher at ¶ 20-27. Fisher noted that the Ohio Supreme
Court “has held that considering evidence relating to a past dismissed charge at the
sentencing stage does not constitute reversible error.” Fisher at ¶ 24, citing State v.
Wiles, 59 Ohio St.3d 71, 78, 571 N.E.2d 97 (1991).
{¶ 8} Neither of these cases applies here. As both cases recognize, a trial court -4-
may consider “a broad range of information” at sentencing, including charges that were
dismissed under a plea agreement. State v. Bowser, 186 Ohio App.3d 162, 2010-Ohio-
951, 926 N.E.2d 714, ¶ 13-16 (2d Dist.). See also State v. Tyree, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-
CA-26, 2021-Ohio-2217, ¶ 8. The problem in Fisher and Blake was that the trial courts
imposed the maximum sentence based solely on their belief that the defendants had
committed the dismissed charges—absent any evidence in the record—and should be
punished for those charges. See State v. Jordan, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-CA-62, 2021-
Ohio-2332, ¶ 37 (finding Fisher and Blake distinguishable on this basis for purposes of
imposing consecutive sentences). Conversely, the record here contains evidence
relevant to the court’s consideration of the purposes of felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11
and the seriousness factors in R.C. 2929.12. As the trial court noted, “the first six counts
involve videos, separate videos with what I understand to have different children in each
of them.” (Sentencing Tr. 10.) Further, the court noted that “the police reports indicate
that on at least one of the videos, there was a 4-year-old-girl being molested, performing
oral sex on an adult male wearing a ski mask and actually being forced to submit to
intercourse with a male.” (Id.) It was based on the facts in this case that the trial court
decided the maximum sentence was required to protect the community and punish
Loffing. Loffing fails to convince us that the court exhibited an improper sentencing bias.
{¶ 9} We are not permitted to second guess the trial court’s sentencing decision.
“[A]n appellate court’s determination that the record does not support a sentence does
not equate to a determination that the sentence is ‘otherwise contrary to law[.]’ ” State v.
Jones, 163 Ohio St.3d 242, 2020-Ohio-6729, 169 N.E.3d 649, ¶ 32. “R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(b) * * * does not provide a basis for an appellate court to modify or vacate -5-
a sentence based on its view that the sentence is not supported by the record under R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12.” Id. at ¶ 39. An appellate court may not “independently weigh the
evidence in the record and substitute its judgment for that of the trial court concerning the
sentence that best reflects compliance with R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12,” nor may it
“modify or vacate a sentence based on its view that the sentence is not supported by the
record under [those statutes].” Id. at ¶ 39, 42. Furthermore, “neither R.C. 2929.11 nor
2929.12 requires a trial court to make any specific factual findings on the record.” Id. at
¶ 20, citing State v. Wilson, 129 Ohio St.3d 214, 2011-Ohio-2669, 951 N.E.2d 381, ¶ 31.
Nor is a trial court required to make any particular finding before imposing the authorized
maximum sentence. State v. Clark, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2020-CA-19, 2021-Ohio-
1427, ¶ 22.
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[Cite as State v. Loffing, 2022-Ohio-408.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT CLARK COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 2021-CA-44 : v. : Trial Court Case Nos. 2021-CR-202 : KYLE LOFFING : : (Criminal Appeal from Defendant-Appellant : Common Pleas Court) :
...........
OPINION
Rendered on the 11th day of February, 2022.
IAN A. RICHARDSON, Atty. Reg. No. 0100124, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Clark County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, 50 East Columbia Street, Suite 449, Springfield, Ohio 45502 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee
L. PATRICK MULLIGAN, Atty. Reg. No. 0016118, 28 North Wilkinson Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant
............. -2-
DONOVAN, J.
{¶ 1} Kyle Loffing appeals from his conviction for pandering sexually oriented
materials involving a minor following his guilty plea. The trial court imposed the maximum
prison sentence, and Loffing contends that the sentence was contrary to law because the
trial court showed bias against him by seeking to punish him for charges that were
dismissed under a plea agreement. We find no error and affirm.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} In April 2021, Loffing was indicted on 25 charges based on his possession of
child pornography: Counts 1-5, pandering sexually oriented materials involving a minor,
in violation of R.C. 2907.322(A)(1); Counts 6-10, pandering sexually oriented matter
involving a minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.322(A)(5); Counts 11-20, pandering obscenity
involving a minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.322(A)(5); and Counts 21-25, pandering
obscenity involving a minor, in violation of R.C. 2907.321(A)(5). Loffing had multiple
images and pictures and at least six separate videos that each showed different children,
at least one of whom was only four years old.
{¶ 3} Under a plea agreement, Loffing pleaded guilty to Count 1, pandering
sexually oriented materials involving a minor, a second-degree felony, and the state
dismissed the remaining charges and agreed to remain silent at sentencing. In July 2021,
the trial court sentenced Loffing to an indefinite term of eight to twelve years in prison, the
maximum sentence for the offense. He was also classified as a Tier II sexual offender.
{¶ 4} Loffing appeals.
II. Analysis
{¶ 5} In his sole assignment of error, Loffing argues that his sentence must be -3-
vacated because it is contrary to law.
{¶ 6} R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b) establishes the standard that we use to review
Loffing’s sentence. This provision permits an appellate court to vacate or modify a felony
sentence on appeal if the court determines by clear and convincing evidence that the
sentence is “contrary to law.”
{¶ 7} Loffing argues that his sentence is contrary to law because the trial court
improperly sought to punish him for the dismissed charges by imposing the maximum
sentence. He argues that the record “belies the trial court’s true purpose and objective in
sentencing [him]: the trial court felt that the State’s plea offer was too lenient and too
generous.” As evidence, Loffing points to the court’s comment at the sentencing hearing:
“the prosecutor did dismiss all the remaining counts involving videos and because of that
I’m not sure why the Court should give you any further consideration.” (Sentencing Tr.
11.) In support of his argument, Loffing relies on State v. Fisher, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2002-
L-020, 2003-Ohio-3499, and State v. Blake, 3d Dist. Union No. 14-03-33, 2004-Ohio-
1952. Blake acknowledges that a “trial court may consider allegations that form the basis
of charges dismissed pursuant to a plea agreement when sentencing a defendant.” Blake
at ¶ 5. But the trial court’s discretion is limited, and “cannot indicate a bias toward the
defendant indicating that the trial court believes that the defendant is guilty of the charges
which were dismissed.” Id., citing Fisher at ¶ 20-27. Fisher noted that the Ohio Supreme
Court “has held that considering evidence relating to a past dismissed charge at the
sentencing stage does not constitute reversible error.” Fisher at ¶ 24, citing State v.
Wiles, 59 Ohio St.3d 71, 78, 571 N.E.2d 97 (1991).
{¶ 8} Neither of these cases applies here. As both cases recognize, a trial court -4-
may consider “a broad range of information” at sentencing, including charges that were
dismissed under a plea agreement. State v. Bowser, 186 Ohio App.3d 162, 2010-Ohio-
951, 926 N.E.2d 714, ¶ 13-16 (2d Dist.). See also State v. Tyree, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-
CA-26, 2021-Ohio-2217, ¶ 8. The problem in Fisher and Blake was that the trial courts
imposed the maximum sentence based solely on their belief that the defendants had
committed the dismissed charges—absent any evidence in the record—and should be
punished for those charges. See State v. Jordan, 2d Dist. Clark No. 2020-CA-62, 2021-
Ohio-2332, ¶ 37 (finding Fisher and Blake distinguishable on this basis for purposes of
imposing consecutive sentences). Conversely, the record here contains evidence
relevant to the court’s consideration of the purposes of felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11
and the seriousness factors in R.C. 2929.12. As the trial court noted, “the first six counts
involve videos, separate videos with what I understand to have different children in each
of them.” (Sentencing Tr. 10.) Further, the court noted that “the police reports indicate
that on at least one of the videos, there was a 4-year-old-girl being molested, performing
oral sex on an adult male wearing a ski mask and actually being forced to submit to
intercourse with a male.” (Id.) It was based on the facts in this case that the trial court
decided the maximum sentence was required to protect the community and punish
Loffing. Loffing fails to convince us that the court exhibited an improper sentencing bias.
{¶ 9} We are not permitted to second guess the trial court’s sentencing decision.
“[A]n appellate court’s determination that the record does not support a sentence does
not equate to a determination that the sentence is ‘otherwise contrary to law[.]’ ” State v.
Jones, 163 Ohio St.3d 242, 2020-Ohio-6729, 169 N.E.3d 649, ¶ 32. “R.C.
2953.08(G)(2)(b) * * * does not provide a basis for an appellate court to modify or vacate -5-
a sentence based on its view that the sentence is not supported by the record under R.C.
2929.11 and 2929.12.” Id. at ¶ 39. An appellate court may not “independently weigh the
evidence in the record and substitute its judgment for that of the trial court concerning the
sentence that best reflects compliance with R.C. 2929.11 and 2929.12,” nor may it
“modify or vacate a sentence based on its view that the sentence is not supported by the
record under [those statutes].” Id. at ¶ 39, 42. Furthermore, “neither R.C. 2929.11 nor
2929.12 requires a trial court to make any specific factual findings on the record.” Id. at
¶ 20, citing State v. Wilson, 129 Ohio St.3d 214, 2011-Ohio-2669, 951 N.E.2d 381, ¶ 31.
Nor is a trial court required to make any particular finding before imposing the authorized
maximum sentence. State v. Clark, 2d Dist. Champaign No. 2020-CA-19, 2021-Ohio-
1427, ¶ 22.
{¶ 10} In sum, when reviewing a felony sentence that is imposed solely after
considering the factors in R.C. 2929.11 and R.C. 2929.12, we do not look at whether the
sentence is unsupported by the record but only whether the sentence is contrary to law.
State v. Dorsey, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 28747, 2021-Ohio-76, ¶ 18. “A sentence is
contrary to law when it does not fall within the statutory range for the offense or if the trial
court fails to consider the purposes and principles of felony sentencing set forth in R.C.
2929.11 and the sentencing factors set forth in R.C. 2929.12.” (Citation omitted.) State v.
Brown, 2017-Ohio-8416, 99 N.E.3d 1135, ¶ 74 (2d Dist.).
{¶ 11} Loffing’s sentence is not contrary to law. The sentence is within the statutory
range, and the judgment entry shows that the trial court considered the purposes and
principles of felony sentencing in R.C. 2929.11 and balanced the seriousness and
recidivism factors in R.C. 2929.12. -6-
III. Conclusion
{¶ 12} The sole assignment of error is overruled. The trial court’s judgment is
affirmed.
.............
TUCKER, P.J. and EPLEY, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Ian A. Richardson L. Patrick Mulligan Hon. Douglas M. Rastatter