State v. Kaiser

417 N.W.2d 376, 1987 N.D. LEXIS 459, 1987 WL 29091
CourtNorth Dakota Supreme Court
DecidedDecember 29, 1987
DocketCrim. 870057
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 417 N.W.2d 376 (State v. Kaiser) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering North Dakota Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Kaiser, 417 N.W.2d 376, 1987 N.D. LEXIS 459, 1987 WL 29091 (N.D. 1987).

Opinions

GIERKE, Justice.

Gregory C. Kaiser (Kaiser) appeals from a jury verdict convicting him of terrorizing, a class C felony, in violation of Section 12.1-17-04, N.D.C.C. We affirm.

Kaiser was charged with two offenses, terrorizing in violation of Section 12.1-17-04, N.D.C.C., and theft of property in violation of Section 12.1-23-02, N.D.C.C. A jury trial was held on December 18 and 19, 1986. The jury returned verdicts finding Kaiser “guilty” of terrorizing and “not guilty” of theft of property.

The facts of the terrorizing charge came from the testimony of both a complaining witness, Kim Bossart (Bossart), and the defendant, Kaiser. Bossart testified that on May 31, 1986, Kaiser phoned her following a disagreement they had earlier that evening and wanted to get together to talk things over. Bossart agreed to meet Kaiser. Bossart’s testimony continues that Kaiser picked her up and drove her out to a remote gravel road south of West Fargo. Bossart stated that Kaiser held a knife to her throat and made verbal threats to her.1 Bossart further testified that only by verbally patronizing Kaiser was she able to talk him out of harming her. Kaiser testified that they did have a disagreement on the evening of May 31, 1986. Kaiser further testified that later that evening he drove over and picked Bossart up at her home. However, Kaiser stated that they just drove around in West Fargo while they talked. Kaiser denied that he threatened Bossart or held a knife to her. Thus, Kaiser denied that the knife incident occurred.

During closing argument, the prosecutor made several comments that were objected to by defense counsel. The text of the prosecutor’s final argument that contains two of the remarks objected to by defense counsel is as follows:

“Well, ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I would like to suggest to you that she’s finally done that. She’s got up the courage to call the cops. She’s got up the courage to defy Greg Kaiser. She’s mustered the courage to tell what happened on June 1st.
“She told the police. Criminal Complaint filed. This trial is the result. She placed her trust in the criminal justice system to — as she put it, T needed to know I would have protection from Greg.’
“She’s been told that the criminal justice system can provide that. She’s trusted us, ladies and gentlemen. And whether you want to or not, you are part of the system now. A very important part of this system.
“She’s trusted you to help her, to protect her, and to do justice. That’s what we’re here for. You, as this jury, drawn from all parts of the county, all walks of life, all different backgrounds, all different experiences, sit here as the conscience of the community, to render justice in this particular case.”

At this point, defense counsel objected to the prosecutor’s statements that Bossart placed her trust in the jury and that the jury is the conscience of the community. The objection was noted by the trial judge. The final argument of the prosecutor continued as follows:

“It is our job, ladies and gentlemen, to render justice in criminal cases such as this. Cases like this, committed in the dark of the night, rural areas, two peo-[378]*378pie, one much larger than the other, one armed and one unarmed, can have any number of results.
“Kim Bossart was able to keep her wits about her and talk her way out of it. She was terrorized, nonetheless. And I think that you will find from your review of the evidence and your review of the law that the Court will give you that the State has proven beyond any reasonable doubt the essential elements of that crime.
“I think you will also find, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the State has also proven beyond any doubt that the defendant, Greg Kaiser, also stole her ring. Crimes like holding weapons, knives to people’s throats and threatening or threatening to kill them are very serious.
“When you stop and think about it, she had no control at that point over whether she was going to live or die. Her very life hung in the balance of what Greg Kaiser wanted to do. Does he or doesn’t he do it? She has lost control.
“Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, I suggest to you now that this type of physical violence, of domestic-relations-type relationship, cannot go on. It is better that we treat or deal with cases like that and matters like this, where we still have a victim that is alive and able to tell us about it, than it is to have to wait until we come in here and tell you that Kim Bossart’s body was found on this rural road, stabbed and beaten.”

Defense counsel objected to the prosecutor’s remark about the body. Defense counsel asserted that the statement was highly prejudicial. In response to the objection, the trial judge stated, “very well.” Defense counsel sought a mistrial based upon the allegedly improper statements made by the prosecutor during his closing argument. The trial court denied Kaiser’s motion for a mistrial. In denying the motion for mistrial, the trial court found the prosecutor’s argument about the body to be improper but, deemed it not to be reversible.2

Defense counsel then brought a motion for a new trial pursuant to Rule 83, N.D.R. Crim.P., and predicated upon the allegedly improper statements made by the prosecutor during the course of his closing argument. On January 30, 1987, the trial court issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order denying the motion for new trial. The trial court’s reasoning in denying the motion for new trial is summarized in the final paragraph of the Memorandum Opinion as follows:

“In determining whether the interests of justice require a new trial, the Court must consider the closing argument as a whole. The statements made by Mr. Hoy were in the context of his presentation of the evidence. Although the statement referring to waiting until the victim’s body was brought into Court is improper argument, it did not preclude Defendant from receiving a fair trial. The jury was instructed that statements of counsel are not evidence. The Court in its discretion finds that the Defendant was not denied a fair trial as a result of these statements. When considered in the context of the entire argument by Mr. Hoy, they were not intended to inflame or prejudice the jury.”3

[379]*379Thus, the trial court, after considering the closing argument as a whole, reasoned that Kaiser was not denied a fair trial as a result of the statements. This appeal followed.

On appeal, Kaiser asserts that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his motions for a mistrial and for a new trial.

The determination to grant or deny a new trial by reason of the misconduct of counsel rests within the sound discretion of the trial court, and in the absence of a clear abuse of discretion, the trial court’s determination will not be reversed on appeal. State v. Kraft, 413 N.W.2d 303, 308 (N.D.1987); Holte v. Carl Albers, Inc., 370 N.W. 2d 520, 526 (N.D.1985); South v. National R.R. Passenger Corp., 290 N.W.2d 819, 840 (N.D.1980); Kresel v. Giese,

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State v. Kaiser
417 N.W.2d 376 (North Dakota Supreme Court, 1987)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
417 N.W.2d 376, 1987 N.D. LEXIS 459, 1987 WL 29091, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-kaiser-nd-1987.