McHUGH, Justice.
This action is before this Court upon the petition of Joseph T., an infant under the age of 18 years, for an appeal from the final order of the Circuit Court of Brooke County, West Virginia. W.Va.R.Crim.P. 37. The circuit court, during delinquency proceedings concerning the appellant, found that the appellant possessed marihuana in violation of W.Va.Code, 60A-4-401 [1983], and placed the appellant upon probation. W.Va.Code, 60A-4-407 [1971]. In this appeal, the appellant challenges the warrantless search of his school locker by school authorities. That search resulted in the finding of the circuit court that the appellant possessed marihuana.
By order entered on March 13, 1984, this Court granted the appellant’s motion for leave to move to reverse. This Court has before it the petition for appeal, the motion to reverse, all other matters of record and the briefs of counsel.
I
The appellant was a student in the eighth grade at Follansbee Middle School in Brooke County. On the morning of March 11,1982, Joseph Martray, an assistant principal at Follansbee, noticed the smell of alcohol upon Warren M., a student. Warren M. admitted to Martray that on the way to school he had consumed beer at the appellant's home.
Suspecting that the appellant “may have brought some type of alcoholic beverage into the school,” Martray directed Charles Baker and Joseph Starcher, teachers at the school, to search the appellant’s locker. The record indicates that students at Fol-lansbee were assigned separate lockers with combination locks. School authorities could open those lockers with a master key.
Baker and Starcher opened the appellant’s locker while Martray talked with the appellant in the principal’s office. Although no alcoholic beverages were located, Baker and Starcher found various items in a jacket in the locker including two or three wooden pipes, a number of “wrapper papers” for making cigarettes and a small plastic box. The plastic box contained several handmade cigarettes which were packed with what appeared to be marihuana.1 Baker and Starcher then placed the items back in the jacket and locked the jacket in the locker. With Starcher waiting at the locker, Baker went to the principal’s office and returned with the appellant, Martray and Robert Guio (Principal at Fol-lansbee). The appellant’s locker was again opened and its contents examined.
Thereafter, a petition signed by the Principal at Follansbee was filed in the Circuit Court of Brooke County. The petition alleged that the appellant possessed marihuana on March 11, 1982, and was thus a delinquent child within the meaning of W.Va.Code, 49-1-4 [1978].2 The appellant [601]*601moved to suppress the evidence found in his locker. The circuit court, however, denied that motion. Subsequently, the circuit court found that the appellant had possessed marihuana and, by order entered in March 1983, placed the appellant upon probation.
II
The Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of West Virginia provide the public with protection against “unreasonable searches and seizures.” 3 The appellant contends that the warrantless search of his school locker violated those constitutional principles and that, consequently, the evidence seized from the locker should have been suppressed.4 The circuit court, however, found that the search was reasonable. The appellee, the State of West Virginia, contends that the circuit court’s finding should be affirmed.
At the outset, we note that in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 63 S.Ct. 1178, 87 L.Ed. 1628 (1943), in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down a requirement in West Virginia that school children salute and pledge allegiance to the American flag, the court indicated that the Constitution of the United States “protects the citizen against the State itself and all of its creatures — Boards of Education not excepted. These have, of course, important, delicate, and highly discretionary functions, but none that they may not perform within the limits of the Bill of Rights.” 319 U.S. at 637, 63 S.Ct. at 1185, 87 L.Ed.2d at 1637.
In New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325, 105 S.Ct. 733, 83 L.Ed.2d 720 (1985), a New Jersey high school student, T.L.O, allegedly smoked a cigarette in a school lavatory, in violation of school regulations. Later, in the principal’s office, the student denied she had been smoking, and the assistant vice principal began to search her purse. In the purse, the assistant vice principal found a package of cigarettes and a package of cigarette rolling papers. Based upon his experience, the assistant vice principal associated the possession by a student of rolling papers with the use of marihuana. He then searched the purse more thoroughly and found “marihuana, a pipe, a number of empty plastic bags, a substantial quantity of money in one-dollar bills, an index card that appeared to be a list of students who owed T.L.O. money, and two letters that implicated T.L.O. in marihuana dealing.” 105 S.Ct. at 737. Subsequently, the student was adjudged to be a delinquent child and placed upon probation.
Upon appeal, the Supreme Court of New Jersey, in T.L.O., held the search of the student’s purse to be unreasonable. The Supreme Court of the United States, however, upheld the search.
Stating that the constitutional prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures applies to searches conducted by public school authorities, the Supreme Court of the United States, in T.L.O., recognized [602]*602that “the school setting requires some easing of the restrictions to which searches by public authorities are ordinarily subject.” 105 S.Ct. at 743. Thus, the court held that “school officials need not obtain a warrant before searching a student who is under their authority.” 105 S.Ct. at 743. Furthermore, the court stated:
We join the majority of courts that have examined this issue in concluding that the accommodation of the privacy interests of schoolchildren with the substantial need of teachers and administrators for freedom to maintain order in the schools does not require strict adherence to the requirement that searches be based on probable cause to believe that the subject of the search has violated or is violating the law. Rather, the legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search. Determining the reasonableness of any search involves a twofold inquiry: first, one must consider ‘whether the ... action was justified at its inception,’ Terry v. Ohio, [392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) ] ...; second, one must determine whether the search as actually conducted ‘was reasonably related in scope to the circumstances which justified the interference in the first place,’ ibid. Under ordinary circumstances, a search of a student by a teacher or other school official will be ‘justified at its inception’ when there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the search will turn up evidence that the student has violated or is violating either the law or the rules of the school.
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McHUGH, Justice.
This action is before this Court upon the petition of Joseph T., an infant under the age of 18 years, for an appeal from the final order of the Circuit Court of Brooke County, West Virginia. W.Va.R.Crim.P. 37. The circuit court, during delinquency proceedings concerning the appellant, found that the appellant possessed marihuana in violation of W.Va.Code, 60A-4-401 [1983], and placed the appellant upon probation. W.Va.Code, 60A-4-407 [1971]. In this appeal, the appellant challenges the warrantless search of his school locker by school authorities. That search resulted in the finding of the circuit court that the appellant possessed marihuana.
By order entered on March 13, 1984, this Court granted the appellant’s motion for leave to move to reverse. This Court has before it the petition for appeal, the motion to reverse, all other matters of record and the briefs of counsel.
I
The appellant was a student in the eighth grade at Follansbee Middle School in Brooke County. On the morning of March 11,1982, Joseph Martray, an assistant principal at Follansbee, noticed the smell of alcohol upon Warren M., a student. Warren M. admitted to Martray that on the way to school he had consumed beer at the appellant's home.
Suspecting that the appellant “may have brought some type of alcoholic beverage into the school,” Martray directed Charles Baker and Joseph Starcher, teachers at the school, to search the appellant’s locker. The record indicates that students at Fol-lansbee were assigned separate lockers with combination locks. School authorities could open those lockers with a master key.
Baker and Starcher opened the appellant’s locker while Martray talked with the appellant in the principal’s office. Although no alcoholic beverages were located, Baker and Starcher found various items in a jacket in the locker including two or three wooden pipes, a number of “wrapper papers” for making cigarettes and a small plastic box. The plastic box contained several handmade cigarettes which were packed with what appeared to be marihuana.1 Baker and Starcher then placed the items back in the jacket and locked the jacket in the locker. With Starcher waiting at the locker, Baker went to the principal’s office and returned with the appellant, Martray and Robert Guio (Principal at Fol-lansbee). The appellant’s locker was again opened and its contents examined.
Thereafter, a petition signed by the Principal at Follansbee was filed in the Circuit Court of Brooke County. The petition alleged that the appellant possessed marihuana on March 11, 1982, and was thus a delinquent child within the meaning of W.Va.Code, 49-1-4 [1978].2 The appellant [601]*601moved to suppress the evidence found in his locker. The circuit court, however, denied that motion. Subsequently, the circuit court found that the appellant had possessed marihuana and, by order entered in March 1983, placed the appellant upon probation.
II
The Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of West Virginia provide the public with protection against “unreasonable searches and seizures.” 3 The appellant contends that the warrantless search of his school locker violated those constitutional principles and that, consequently, the evidence seized from the locker should have been suppressed.4 The circuit court, however, found that the search was reasonable. The appellee, the State of West Virginia, contends that the circuit court’s finding should be affirmed.
At the outset, we note that in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 63 S.Ct. 1178, 87 L.Ed. 1628 (1943), in which the Supreme Court of the United States struck down a requirement in West Virginia that school children salute and pledge allegiance to the American flag, the court indicated that the Constitution of the United States “protects the citizen against the State itself and all of its creatures — Boards of Education not excepted. These have, of course, important, delicate, and highly discretionary functions, but none that they may not perform within the limits of the Bill of Rights.” 319 U.S. at 637, 63 S.Ct. at 1185, 87 L.Ed.2d at 1637.
In New Jersey v. T.L.O., 469 U.S. 325, 105 S.Ct. 733, 83 L.Ed.2d 720 (1985), a New Jersey high school student, T.L.O, allegedly smoked a cigarette in a school lavatory, in violation of school regulations. Later, in the principal’s office, the student denied she had been smoking, and the assistant vice principal began to search her purse. In the purse, the assistant vice principal found a package of cigarettes and a package of cigarette rolling papers. Based upon his experience, the assistant vice principal associated the possession by a student of rolling papers with the use of marihuana. He then searched the purse more thoroughly and found “marihuana, a pipe, a number of empty plastic bags, a substantial quantity of money in one-dollar bills, an index card that appeared to be a list of students who owed T.L.O. money, and two letters that implicated T.L.O. in marihuana dealing.” 105 S.Ct. at 737. Subsequently, the student was adjudged to be a delinquent child and placed upon probation.
Upon appeal, the Supreme Court of New Jersey, in T.L.O., held the search of the student’s purse to be unreasonable. The Supreme Court of the United States, however, upheld the search.
Stating that the constitutional prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures applies to searches conducted by public school authorities, the Supreme Court of the United States, in T.L.O., recognized [602]*602that “the school setting requires some easing of the restrictions to which searches by public authorities are ordinarily subject.” 105 S.Ct. at 743. Thus, the court held that “school officials need not obtain a warrant before searching a student who is under their authority.” 105 S.Ct. at 743. Furthermore, the court stated:
We join the majority of courts that have examined this issue in concluding that the accommodation of the privacy interests of schoolchildren with the substantial need of teachers and administrators for freedom to maintain order in the schools does not require strict adherence to the requirement that searches be based on probable cause to believe that the subject of the search has violated or is violating the law. Rather, the legality of a search of a student should depend simply on the reasonableness, under all the circumstances, of the search. Determining the reasonableness of any search involves a twofold inquiry: first, one must consider ‘whether the ... action was justified at its inception,’ Terry v. Ohio, [392 U.S. 1, 88 S.Ct. 1868, 20 L.Ed.2d 889 (1968) ] ...; second, one must determine whether the search as actually conducted ‘was reasonably related in scope to the circumstances which justified the interference in the first place,’ ibid. Under ordinary circumstances, a search of a student by a teacher or other school official will be ‘justified at its inception’ when there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that the search will turn up evidence that the student has violated or is violating either the law or the rules of the school. Such a search will be permissible in its scope when the measures adopted are reasonably related to the objectives of the search and not excessively intrusive in light of the age and sex of the student and the nature of the infraction.
105 S.Ct. at 743-44.5
The Supreme Court of the United States, in T.L.O., held the search of the student’s purse to be reasonable. Recognizing that the case involved two searches, “with the first — the search for cigarettes — providing the suspicion that gave rise to the second— the search for marihuana,” 105 S.Ct. at 745, the court found, upon the record before it, that the assistant vice principal’s search of the purse for cigarettes was reasonable. The court then stated:
Our conclusion that Mr. Choplick’s [the assistant vice principal’s] decision to open T.L.O.’s purse was reasonable brings us to the question of the further search for marihuana once the pack of cigarettes was located. The suspicion upon which the search for marihuana was founded was provided when Mr. Chopliek observed a package of rolling papers in the purse as he removed the pack of cigarettes. Although T.L.O. does not dispute the reasonableness of Mr. Choplick’s belief that the rolling papers indicated the presence of marihuana, she does contend that the scope of the search Mr. Chopliek conducted exceeded permissible bounds when he seized and read certain letters that implicated T.L.O. in drug dealing. This argument, too, is unpersuasive. The discovery of the rolling papers con-cededly gave rise to a reasonable suspicion that T.L.O. was carrying marihuana as well as cigarettes in her purse. This suspicion justified further exploration of T.L.O.’s purse, which turned up more evidence of drug-related activities: a pipe, a number of plastic bags of the type commonly used to store marihuana, a small quantity of marihuana, and a fairly substantial amount of money. Under these circumstances, it was not un[603]*603reasonable to extend the search to a separate zippered compartment of the purse; and when a search of that compartment revealed an index card containing a list of ‘people who owe me money’ as well as two letters, the inference that T.L.O. was involved in marihuana trafficking was substantial enough to justify Mr. Cho-plick in examining the letters to determine whether they contained any further evidence. In short, we cannot conclude that the search for marihuana was unreasonable in any respect.
105 S.Ct. at 746-47.
It should be noted that, in T.L.O., the Supreme Court of the United States did not address the question of searches by school authorities of student lockers. 105 S.Ct. at 741, n. 5. Nor did the court address the question of searches by school authorities “in conjunction with or at the behest of law enforcement agencies_” 105 S.Ct. at 744, n. 7. Finally, the court, in T.L.O., did not address the question of whether, had the search been found to be unreasonable, the evidence against T.L.O. could have been excluded from consideration in subsequent criminal proceedings against her. The court stated: “In holding that the search of T.L.O.’s purse did not violate the Fourth Amendment, we do not implicitly determine that the exclusionary rule applies to the fruits of unlawful searches conducted by school authorities.” 105 5.Ct. at 739, n. 3.
The question of searches by school authorities of student lockers was addressed, however, in In re W., 29 Cal.App.3d 777, 105 Cal.Rptr. 775 (1973). In In re W., a California court of appeal had before it a case in which the assistant principal of a high school opened a student locker with a master key, having been told by other students that the locker contained marihuana. The assistant principal found in the locker a “sack of marijuana.” Later, the student in question was brought to the locker, and the student opened the locker (still containing the marihuana) in the presence of the principal and assistant principal of the school. The student was ultimately placed upon probation.
Holding the search, conducted without a search warrant, to be reasonable, the court, in In re W., stated:
We believe that the appropriate test for searches by high school officials is two-pronged. The first requirement is that the search be within the scope of the school’s duties. The second requirement is that the action taken, the search, be reasonable under the facts and circumstances of the case. Although in loco ■parentis is applicable, the Fourth Amendment limits that power to acts that meet above requirements.
29 Cal.App.3d at 782, 105 Cal.Rptr. at 778.
See also In re Donaldson, 269 Cal.App.2d 509, 75 Cal.Rptr. 220 (1969), and Horton v. Goose Creek Independent School District, 690 F.2d 470, reh’g denied, 693 F.2d 524, 525 (5th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 463 U.S. 1207, 103 S.Ct. 3536, 77 L.Ed.2d 1387 (1983). In In re Donaldson, the court upheld a warrantless search by a high school vice principal of a student’s locker (which contained marihuana) which search resulted in the student being adjudged a “ward of the juvenile court.” The vice principal, in In re Donaldson, had conducted the search upon information that the student had been selling “speed or methedrine pills.”6 In Horton, the United [604]*604States Court of Appeals, in reviewing a “school district’s canine drug detection program,” stated that if a trained dog’s reaction is to justify a search of a student’s car or locker, the reaction “must give rise to reasonable suspicion that the search will produce something_” 690 F.2d at 482 (emphasis added).
As the Supreme Court stated in T.L.O., supra:
The majority of courts that have addressed the issue of the Fourth Amendment in the schools have ... [held that] the Fourth Amendment applies to searches conducted by school authorities, but the special needs of the school environment require assessment of the legality of such searches against a standard less exacting than that of probable cause. These courts have, by and large, upheld warrantless searches by school authorities provided that they are supported by a reasonable suspicion that the search will uncover evidence of an infraction of school disciplinary rules or a violation of law.
105 S.Ct. at 739, n.2.7
Not all searches in the schools have been upheld. The Supreme Court of Washington, in Kuehn v. Renton School District No. 403, 103 Wash.2d 594, 694 P.2d 1078 (1985), afforded constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures to a high school student who challenged the policy of his school that students planning to participate in a band concert tour must submit to a predeparture luggage search. The search was to be conducted by parent chaperones. The school’s decision to search was inspired by an incident two years earlier which involved the possession of liquor by two students in a hotel room.
Indicating that there was no evidence other than a “generalized probability” that the students in question had contraband in their luggage, the court, in Kuehn, held the search policy to be unreasonable. The court stated;
[605]*605The validity of searches of school children by school officials is judged by the reasonable belief standard. The reasonable belief standard requires that there be a reasonable belief on the part of the searching school official that the individual student searched possesses a prohibited item. When school officials search large groups of students solely for the purpose of deterring disruptive conduct and without any suspicion of each individual searched, the search does not meet the reasonable belief standard. Because the search at issue here was conducted without individualized suspicion the student’s rights under the Fourth Amendment were violated.
103 Wash.2d at —, 694 P.2d at 1079.
Similarly, in Bellnier v. Lund, 438 F.Supp. 47 (N.D.N.Y.1977), the United States District Court afforded constitutional protection against unreasonable searches and seizures to a class of fifth grade students who, as part of a search for $3.00 allegedly taken by a student, were ordered by school authorities to go to the student’s respective male and female restrooms and “strip down to their undergarments.... ” 438 F.Supp. at 50. Later, an action alleging violations of the student’s civil rights was brought against the school authorities, and the court determined the search to be unreasonable, “there being no reasonable suspicion to believe that each student searched possessed contraband or evidence of a crime.” 438 F.Supp. at 54. The court in Bellnier stated, “in view of the relatively slight danger of the conduct involved (as opposed to drug possession, for example), the extent of the search, and the age of the students involved, this Court cannot in good conscience say that the search undertaken was reasonable.” 438 F.Supp. at 54.8
On the other hand, a 17-year old student was criminally prosecuted in State v. Young, 234 Ga. 488, 216 S.E.2d 586, cert. denied, 423 U.S. 1039, 96 S.Ct. 576, 46 L.Ed.2d 413 (1975), where the student was directed by school authorities to empty the pockets of his pants, and marihuana was found. Holding that the school authorities were “state officers whose action is state action bringing the Fourth Amendment into play ...,” 234 Ga. at 493, 216 S.E.2d at 591, the Supreme Court of Georgia, in Young, nevertheless held the search to be reasonable. The court stated:
It is urged that [the] involuntary presence at school [of a public school student] argues for according to [the student] a higher level of Fourth Amendment protection. We cannot agree. It is not merely the unruly ... student who is involuntarily in school. All the other students are there involuntarily also, and are forced to associate with the ... immature and unwise few-closely and daily. The state owes those students a safe and secure environment. Searches of students directed to that end are reasonable under the Fourth Amendment on considerably less than probable cause.
234 Ga. at 496, 216 S.E.2d at 592.
Ill
In this action, we do not have before us the question of searches by school authori[606]*606ties “in conjunction with or at the behest of law enforcement agencies_” T.L.O., supra. Moreover, inasmuch as we hold that, for the reasons discussed below, the search of the appellant’s locker was reasonable, we do not reach the question of whether, in any context, the exclusionary rule “applies to the fruits of unlawful searches conducted by school authorities.” T.L.O., supra. See also n.6, supra. As the cases cited above demonstrate, however, a search and seizure occurred in this action, and the validity of that search and seizure is properly before this Court for review.
In syllabus point 1 of State v. Moore, 165 W.Va. 837, 272 S.E.2d 804 (1980), we held:
Searches conducted outside the judicial process, without prior approval by judge or magistrate, are per se unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment and Article III, Section 6 of the West Virginia Constitution — subject only to a few specifically established and well-delineated exceptions. The exceptions are jealously and carefully drawn, and there must be a showing by those who seek exemption that the exigencies of the situation made that course imperative.
This Court is of the opinion that public school students in West Virginia are entitled under U.S. Const, amend. IV and W.Va. Const, art. Ill, § 6, to security against unreasonable searches and seizures conducted in the schools by school principals, teachers and other school authorities. Furthermore, upon a review of the authorities in this area of the law, we hold that in determining whether a warrantless search concerning a public school student conducted by school authorities is reasonable under U.S. Const, amend. IV and W.Va. Const, art. Ill, § 6, in the context of delinquency or criminal proceedings instituted against the student, the search is to be assessed in view not only of the rights of the public school student but also in view of the need of this State’s educational system to prevent disruptive or illegal conduct by public school students; in particular, the search must be reasonable in terms of (1) the initial justification for the search and (2) the extent of the search conducted; the initial justification for the search is determined by the “reasonable suspicion standard” (a standard less exacting than “probable cause”) under which a search is justified where school authorities have reasonable grounds for suspecting that the search will reveal evidence that the student violated the rules of the school or the law; the extent of the search conducted is reasonable when reasonably related to the objective of the search and not excessively intrusive to the student.
In so holding, we recognize the entitlement of public school children to security against unreasonable searches and seizures conducted by school authorities. We also recognize, however, the many problems school authorities must face on a daily basis in keeping the school environment conducive to learning.
In this action, the appellant’s locker was searched at the request of assistant principal Martray by Baker and Starcher, teachers at Follansbee Middle School. Although Baker and Starcher were looking for alcoholic beverages, they found various items in a jacket in the locker, including wooden pipes, cigarette “wrapper papers” and a small plastic box which contained what appeared to be marihuana. They left the items in the locker. Subsequently, in the presence of various school authorities and the appellant, the locker was again opened and its contents examined.
The record in this action indicates that assistant principal Martray had reasonable grounds for suspecting that a search of the appellant’s locker would reveal the presence of an alcoholic beverage brought to school by the appellant in violation of the rules of the school. That suspicion was based upon information that the appellant’s companion, Warren M., had consumed beer at the appellant’s home that morning and that the smell of such drinking was present upon Warren M. at the school. Although Martray’s suspicion, that the appellant may have brought alcoholic beverages to the school, may not have reached the level of “probable cause,” we are of the opinion that Martray instituted the search of the appellant’s locker under [607]*607circumstances consistent with the “reasonable suspicion standard,” discussed above,
Furthermore, we conclude that the extent of the search conducted by Baker and Starcher was within permissible limits. Upon entering the locker with a master key which, the record indicates, the school kept as a means of opening any student locker,9 the jacket was observed. Under the circumstances of this case, Baker and Starcher were not unwarranted or “excessively intrusive” in reaching into the pockets of the jacket. In T.L.O., supra, a general search of a purse was extended to a “zippered compartment” of the purse, and the search was upheld. We are of the opinion that the discovery in this case of the wooden pipes and cigarette “wrapper papers” in the jacket gave rise to a reasonable suspicion that the jacket found in the locker also contained marihuana. The discovery of suspected marihuana in the locker was “reasonably related” to the search for alcoholic beverages.10
We hold that where an assistant principal of a public school had reasonable grounds for suspecting that the locker of a public school student contained an alcoholic beverage in violation of the rules of the school, and a warrantless search of the student’s locker revealed a number of marihuana cigarettes, the search, in the context of delinquency or criminal proceedings instituted against the student, did not constitute a violation of the student’s right under U.S. Const, amend. IV and W.Va. Const. art. Ill, § 6, to security against unreasonable searches and seizures.11
The circuit court was correct in denying the appellant’s motion to suppress the evidence found in his locker. Accordingly, the final order of the Circuit Court of Brooke County is hereby affirmed.
Affirmed.