IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
MARCH 1997 SESSION
STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) APPELLEE, ) ) No. 02-C-01-9604-CC-00124 ) ) Madison County v. ) ) J. Franklin Murchison, Judge ) ) (Aggravated Robbery and ) Aggravated Burglary) JOHN WAYNE BLUE, ) ) APPELLANT. )
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
George Morton Googe John Knox Walkup District Public Defender Attorney General & Reporter 227 West Baltimore Street 500 Charlotte Avenue Jackson, TN 38301 Nashville, TN 37243-0497 (Appeal Only) Robin L. Harris Thomas T. Woodall Assistant Attorney General Attorney at Law 450 James Robertson Parkway 203 Murrell Street Nashville, TN 37243-0493 P.O. Box 1075 Dickson, TN 37056-1075 James G. Woodall (At Trial and of Counsel on Appeal) District Attorney General P.O. Box 2825 Daniel J. Taylor Jackson, TN 38302 Assistant Public Defender 227 West Baltimore Street Donald W. Allen Jackson, TN 38301 Assistant District Attorney General (Trial Only) P.O. Box 2825 Jackson, TN 38302
OPINION FILED:___________________________________
AFFIRMED
Joe B. Jones, Presiding Judge OPINION
The appellant, John W ayne Blue (defendant), was convicted of aggravated robbery,
a Class B felony, and aggravated burglary, a Class C felony, by a jury of his peers. The
trial court found the defendant was a standard offender in the aggravated robbery case and
imposed a Range I sentence of twelve (12) years confinement in the Department of
Correction. In the aggravated burglary case, the trial court found the defendant was a
multiple offender and imposed a Range II sentence of eight (8) years confinement in the
Department of Correction. In this Court, the defendant contends the State of Tennessee
failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the victim sustained "serious bodily injury" and
the sentences imposed by the trial court were excessive. After a thorough review of the
record, the briefs submitted by the parties, and the law governing the issues presented for
review, it is the opinion of this Court the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.
On the evening of August 1, 1994, the victim, J. D. Tolliver, was preparing for bed
when he heard a woman at his front door say "Let me in" at approximately 8:00 p.m. The
victim asked the woman to identify herself. She told the victim she was Aramele Blue.1
The victim recognized the voice of the woman. She was the sister of the defendant. The
victim sat in a chair next to the front door and talked with the woman. He refused to permit
her to enter the apartment.
While the victim was talking to the defendant's sister, the defendant ripped the
screen from the bathroom window and entered the victim's apartment through the window.
The torn screen and the tools used by the defendant were on the ground below the
window. The defendant went to the victim's bedroom upon entering the apartment. He
went through the victim's chest of drawers. When the defendant failed to locate the
victim's money, he removed a blanket from the bed with the pillows and walked to where
the victim was talking to his sister. The victim saw the defendant when he entered the
room and recognized him. The defendant placed the blanket and pillows over the victim's
head. The defendant struck the victim in the mouth with an object. He told the victim he
1 The victim also referred to the woman as Ann Marie Blue. A police officer testified the name of the woman was Ann Marie Blue.
2 was going to kill him if he did not give him his money. The victim, who had cashed a
retirement check that day, gave the defendant $220. The defendant exited the apartment
through the back door.
The victim suffered a laceration to his lip and two of his bottom teeth were knocked
out of his mouth. The lip was oozing blood when the first officer arrived. There was blood
on both sides of the front door jam, and there was blood in the kitchen.
The defendant asserted an alibi defense. He called several witnesses to support
his defense. However, a statement the defendant gave a police officer two days after the
date of the offense contradicted the testimony of the alibi witnesses.
I.
The defendant contends the State of Tennessee failed to establish the victim
suffered serious bodily injury, an essential element of aggravated robbery in the context
of this case. He does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence in the aggravated
burglary case.
When an accused challenges the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, this Court
must review the record to determine if the evidence adduced at trial is sufficient "to support
the finding by the trier of fact of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e).
This rule is applicable to findings of guilt based upon direct evidence, circumstantial
evidence, or a combination of direct and circumstantial evidence. State v. Dykes, 803
S.W.2d 250, 253 (Tenn. Crim. App.), per. app. denied (Tenn. 1990).
In determining the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, this Court does not
reweigh or reevaluate the evidence. State v. Matthews, 805 S.W.2d 776, 779 (Tenn. Crim.
App.), per. app. denied (Tenn. 1990). Nor may this Court substitute its inferences for those
drawn by the trier of fact from circumstantial evidence. Liakas v. State, 199 Tenn. 298,
305, 286 S.W.2d 856, 859, cert. denied, 352 U.S. 845, 77 S.Ct. 39, 1 L.Ed.2d 49 (1956).
To the contrary, this Court is required to afford the State of Tennessee the strongest
legitimate view of the evidence contained in the record as well as all reasonable and
legitimate inferences which may be drawn from the evidence. State v. Cabbage, 571
3 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978).
Questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses, the weight and value to be
given the evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved by the
trier of fact, not this Court. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d at 835. In State v. Grace, 493 S.W.2d
474, 476 (Tenn. 1973), our Supreme Court said: "A guilty verdict by the jury, approved by
the trial judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the State and resolves all
conflicts in favor of the theory of the State."
Since a verdict of guilt removes the presumption of innocence and replaces it with
a presumption of guilt, the accused, as the appellant, has the burden in this Court of
illustrating why the evidence is insufficient to support the verdicts returned by the trier of
fact. State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tenn. 1982). This Court will not disturb a
verdict of guilt due to the sufficiency of the evidence unless the facts contained in the
record are insufficient, as a matter of law, for a rational trier of fact to find that the accused
is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d at 914.
In the context of this case, the state was required to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt the following elements to establish the offense of aggravated robbery:
1) The defendant intentionally or knowingly took property from the person of the
victim;
2) The theft was committed by violence or placing the victim in fear; and
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IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
MARCH 1997 SESSION
STATE OF TENNESSEE, ) ) APPELLEE, ) ) No. 02-C-01-9604-CC-00124 ) ) Madison County v. ) ) J. Franklin Murchison, Judge ) ) (Aggravated Robbery and ) Aggravated Burglary) JOHN WAYNE BLUE, ) ) APPELLANT. )
FOR THE APPELLANT: FOR THE APPELLEE:
George Morton Googe John Knox Walkup District Public Defender Attorney General & Reporter 227 West Baltimore Street 500 Charlotte Avenue Jackson, TN 38301 Nashville, TN 37243-0497 (Appeal Only) Robin L. Harris Thomas T. Woodall Assistant Attorney General Attorney at Law 450 James Robertson Parkway 203 Murrell Street Nashville, TN 37243-0493 P.O. Box 1075 Dickson, TN 37056-1075 James G. Woodall (At Trial and of Counsel on Appeal) District Attorney General P.O. Box 2825 Daniel J. Taylor Jackson, TN 38302 Assistant Public Defender 227 West Baltimore Street Donald W. Allen Jackson, TN 38301 Assistant District Attorney General (Trial Only) P.O. Box 2825 Jackson, TN 38302
OPINION FILED:___________________________________
AFFIRMED
Joe B. Jones, Presiding Judge OPINION
The appellant, John W ayne Blue (defendant), was convicted of aggravated robbery,
a Class B felony, and aggravated burglary, a Class C felony, by a jury of his peers. The
trial court found the defendant was a standard offender in the aggravated robbery case and
imposed a Range I sentence of twelve (12) years confinement in the Department of
Correction. In the aggravated burglary case, the trial court found the defendant was a
multiple offender and imposed a Range II sentence of eight (8) years confinement in the
Department of Correction. In this Court, the defendant contends the State of Tennessee
failed to prove beyond a reasonable doubt the victim sustained "serious bodily injury" and
the sentences imposed by the trial court were excessive. After a thorough review of the
record, the briefs submitted by the parties, and the law governing the issues presented for
review, it is the opinion of this Court the judgment of the trial court should be affirmed.
On the evening of August 1, 1994, the victim, J. D. Tolliver, was preparing for bed
when he heard a woman at his front door say "Let me in" at approximately 8:00 p.m. The
victim asked the woman to identify herself. She told the victim she was Aramele Blue.1
The victim recognized the voice of the woman. She was the sister of the defendant. The
victim sat in a chair next to the front door and talked with the woman. He refused to permit
her to enter the apartment.
While the victim was talking to the defendant's sister, the defendant ripped the
screen from the bathroom window and entered the victim's apartment through the window.
The torn screen and the tools used by the defendant were on the ground below the
window. The defendant went to the victim's bedroom upon entering the apartment. He
went through the victim's chest of drawers. When the defendant failed to locate the
victim's money, he removed a blanket from the bed with the pillows and walked to where
the victim was talking to his sister. The victim saw the defendant when he entered the
room and recognized him. The defendant placed the blanket and pillows over the victim's
head. The defendant struck the victim in the mouth with an object. He told the victim he
1 The victim also referred to the woman as Ann Marie Blue. A police officer testified the name of the woman was Ann Marie Blue.
2 was going to kill him if he did not give him his money. The victim, who had cashed a
retirement check that day, gave the defendant $220. The defendant exited the apartment
through the back door.
The victim suffered a laceration to his lip and two of his bottom teeth were knocked
out of his mouth. The lip was oozing blood when the first officer arrived. There was blood
on both sides of the front door jam, and there was blood in the kitchen.
The defendant asserted an alibi defense. He called several witnesses to support
his defense. However, a statement the defendant gave a police officer two days after the
date of the offense contradicted the testimony of the alibi witnesses.
I.
The defendant contends the State of Tennessee failed to establish the victim
suffered serious bodily injury, an essential element of aggravated robbery in the context
of this case. He does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence in the aggravated
burglary case.
When an accused challenges the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, this Court
must review the record to determine if the evidence adduced at trial is sufficient "to support
the finding by the trier of fact of guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." Tenn. R. App. P. 13(e).
This rule is applicable to findings of guilt based upon direct evidence, circumstantial
evidence, or a combination of direct and circumstantial evidence. State v. Dykes, 803
S.W.2d 250, 253 (Tenn. Crim. App.), per. app. denied (Tenn. 1990).
In determining the sufficiency of the convicting evidence, this Court does not
reweigh or reevaluate the evidence. State v. Matthews, 805 S.W.2d 776, 779 (Tenn. Crim.
App.), per. app. denied (Tenn. 1990). Nor may this Court substitute its inferences for those
drawn by the trier of fact from circumstantial evidence. Liakas v. State, 199 Tenn. 298,
305, 286 S.W.2d 856, 859, cert. denied, 352 U.S. 845, 77 S.Ct. 39, 1 L.Ed.2d 49 (1956).
To the contrary, this Court is required to afford the State of Tennessee the strongest
legitimate view of the evidence contained in the record as well as all reasonable and
legitimate inferences which may be drawn from the evidence. State v. Cabbage, 571
3 S.W.2d 832, 835 (Tenn. 1978).
Questions concerning the credibility of the witnesses, the weight and value to be
given the evidence, as well as all factual issues raised by the evidence are resolved by the
trier of fact, not this Court. Cabbage, 571 S.W.2d at 835. In State v. Grace, 493 S.W.2d
474, 476 (Tenn. 1973), our Supreme Court said: "A guilty verdict by the jury, approved by
the trial judge, accredits the testimony of the witnesses for the State and resolves all
conflicts in favor of the theory of the State."
Since a verdict of guilt removes the presumption of innocence and replaces it with
a presumption of guilt, the accused, as the appellant, has the burden in this Court of
illustrating why the evidence is insufficient to support the verdicts returned by the trier of
fact. State v. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d 913, 914 (Tenn. 1982). This Court will not disturb a
verdict of guilt due to the sufficiency of the evidence unless the facts contained in the
record are insufficient, as a matter of law, for a rational trier of fact to find that the accused
is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Tuggle, 639 S.W.2d at 914.
In the context of this case, the state was required to prove beyond a reasonable
doubt the following elements to establish the offense of aggravated robbery:
1) The defendant intentionally or knowingly took property from the person of the
victim;
2) The theft was committed by violence or placing the victim in fear; and
3) The defendant caused the victim to suffer serious bodily injury.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-402.
The term "serious bodily injury" is defined in the following manner:
Serious bodily injury means bodily injury which involves:
(A) A substantial risk of death;
(B) Protracted unconsciousness;
(C) Extreme physical pain;
(D) Protracted or obvious disfigurement; or
(E) Protracted loss or substantial impairment of a function of a bodily member, organ or mental faculty;
Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-11-106(a)(33).
4 In this case, the defendant caused the victim to lose his two bottom teeth on the
night in question. The two officers who went to the victim’s apartment to investigate the
aggravated burglary and aggravated robbery testified the victim lost his two bottom teeth
at the hands of the defendant. This Court is of the opinion the loss of the two teeth
constituted “obvious disfigurement” within the meaning of “serious bodily injury.” See State
v. Sims, 909 S.W.2d 46, 48-49 (Tenn. Crim. App.), per. app. denied (Tenn. 1995).
There is sufficient evidence to support a finding by a rational trier of fact that the
defendant was guilty of aggravated robbery beyond a reasonable doubt. Tenn. R. App.
P. 13(e).
II.
The defendant contends the sentences imposed by the trial court are excessive.
The assertion is made in very general terms. This issue is not seriously argued.
Based upon the requisite de novo review of the record within the meaning of Tenn.
Code Ann. § 40-35-401(d), it is the opinion of this Court the sentence imposed for
aggravated burglary and aggravated robbery should be affirmed. The trial court found four
enhancement factors and no mitigating factors.
The defendant has an extensive criminal record. He committed the crimes in
question while on probation. He had previous revocation of release into the community.
The trial court also found the victim was particularly vulnerable due to his age. The
defendant was 26 while the victim was in his mid-70s. These factors are supported by the
record.
_____________________________________________ JOE B. JONES, PRESIDING JUDGE
CONCUR:
______________________________________
5 GARY R. WADE, JUDGE
______________________________________ CURWOOD WITT, JUDGE