State v. Jensen

429 N.W.2d 445, 1988 N.D. LEXIS 257, 1988 WL 96436
North Dakota Supreme Court·Decided September 20, 1988·No. Cr. 880125·Published·Cited by 6 cases

Opinions

ERICKSTAD, Chief Justice.

This is the eighth time we have conHerbert O. Jensen. See State v. Jensen, 373 N.W.2d 902 (N.D.1985), Jensen v. State, 373 N.W.2d 894 (N.D.1985), State v. Jensen, 333 N.W.2d 686 (N.D.1983), State v. Jensen, 282 N.W.2d 55 (N.D.1979), State v. Jensen, 265 N.W.2d 691 (N.D.1978), State v. Jensen, 251 N.W.2d 182 (N.D.1977), and State v. Jensen, 241 N.W.2d 557 (N.D.1976), for background information leading to this appeal.

[446] Jensen was convicted on two counts of murder in the second degree. He appealed the original convictions, this Court reversed and remanded for a new trial, State v. Jensen, 251 N.W.2d 182 (N.D.1977), and Jensen was again found guilty on both counts. Jensen was sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment on each count, with an additional ten years’ confinement on each count as a dangerous special offender. The sentences were ordered served concurrently. The convictions following the new trial were upheld on appeal by this Court. State v. Jensen, 282 N.W.2d 55 (N.D.1979).

When Jensen was not successful in state court he sought relief in the federal court. On grounds not explained in his brief nor appearing in the judgment role, Jensen petitioned the United States Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari. When certiorari was denied by that court, Jensen brought a motion in state district court for a reduction of sentence under Rule 35(b) of the North Dakota Rules of Criminal Procedure. Jensen asked the Court to modify his sentence by ordering all judgments to run concurrently so as to make the total sentences twenty years rather than thirty years. Jensen asserts his discharge date would then be April 20, 1989, as compared to his present discharge date, with good time, of February 11, 1996. The district court dismissed the motion as untimely and without merit. Jensen appeals from this dismissal. We affirm.

On appeal Jensen asserts six issues in his brief and three more in oral argument.

The timeliness of the motion under Rule 35(b), N.D.R.Crim.P., is the only new issue Jensen presents. All the rest of Jensen’s contentions appear to have been disposed of by this Court in earlier proceedings and several are not properly before us as Jensen did not raise them in his Rule 35(b) motion to the district court.

Jensen’s first contention concerns his motion for reduction of sentence under Rule 35(b), N.D.R.Crim.P. Rule 35(b) provides in relevant part:

“The sentencing court may reduce a sentence within 120 days after the sentence is imposed or probation is revoked, or within 120 days after receipt by that court of a mandate issued upon affirmance of the judgment or dismissal of the appeal, or within 120 days after entry of any order or judgment of the Supreme Court of the United States denying review of, or having the effect of upholding a judgment of conviction or probation revocation.” [Emphasis added.]

Jensen claims his motion is timely because it was brought within 120 days after the United States Supreme Court denied certio-rari.

Rule 35(b) was derived from the corresponding federal rule.1 We may therefore look to the legislative history of the federal rule and interpretive federal caselaw for guidance in construing our rule. See Union State Bank v. Woell, 357 N.W.2d 234, 235-37 (N.D.1984).

Rule 35(b) is essentially a plea for leniency. Poole v. United States, 250 F.2d 396, 401 (D.C.Cir.1957). This plea for lenience is addressed to the discretion of the sentencing court, and may be granted if the court decides that the sentence originally imposed, for any reason, was unduly severe. Wright, Federal Practice and Procedure: Criminal, § 586, p. 568 (1968).

The 120 day time limitation stated in Rule 35(b) is not discretionary but jurisdic[447] tional and cannot under any circumstances be extended by the court. United States v. Gonzalez-Perez, 629 F.2d 1081, 1083 (5th Cir.1980). The purpose of the time constraint is that “[s]ome limitation on jurisdiction to seek a reduction of sentence is necessary to protect the district judges from repeated entreaties by a defendant to change a penalty.” Id. [Cites omitted.] “Rule 35 is intended to establish ‘clear lines of demarcation so that all concerned would know exactly when the time for filing would expire.’” Id. [Cite omitted.] “A defendant through his own volition cannot confer jurisdiction to reduce sentence on the district court by purporting to activate a new 120-day period through the filing of a pleading years after the case is essentially over.” Id. See United States v. Kirk, 761 F.2d 463 (8th Cir.1985) (holding that the 120-day period ran from the original sentence in 1975 or the Supreme Court’s denial of certiorari in 1977 and not from any subsequent event.)

Jensen was convicted, and that conviction upheld on appeal, in 1979. He applied to the United States Supreme Court for certiorari and was denied in 1988. We do not construe the language of Rule 35(b) to permit a motion for reduction of sentence some nine years after that sentence is imposed. We therefore hold that Jensen’s Rule 35(b) motion for reduction of sentence is not timely.

An issue not raised in the trial court is generally not reviewable by this Court unless the issue constitutes “obvious error” under Rule 52(b), N.D.R.Crim.P. State v. Kopp, 419 N.W.2d 169, 172 (N.D.1988) (citing State v. Miller, 388 N.W.2d 522 (N.D.1986)). Our authority to notice obvious error is exercised cautiously and only in exceptional situations where the defendant has suffered serious injustice. Id. None of Jensen’s claims approach the level of obvious error. However, a short discussion of those issues is appropriate in the interests of justice.

Jensen’s second contention is that he is protected under section 12.1-01-01(2), N.D.C.C.2 This issue was disposed of in State v. Jensen, 333 N.W.2d 686, 694 (N.D.1983). In that case we said:

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State v. Jensen, 429 N.W.2d 445, 1988 N.D. LEXIS 257, 1988 WL 96436 (N.D. 1988).

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