State v. House

481 A.2d 1129, 1984 Me. LEXIS 781
CourtSupreme Judicial Court of Maine
DecidedSeptember 5, 1984
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 481 A.2d 1129 (State v. House) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Judicial Court of Maine primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. House, 481 A.2d 1129, 1984 Me. LEXIS 781 (Me. 1984).

Opinion

WATHEN, Justice.

Defendant Kirk House was convicted after a jury trial in Superior Court (Somerset County) of the following charges: two counts of vehicular manslaughter, 17-A M.R.S.A. § 203 (1983 & Supp.1983-1984); one count of OUI, 29 M.R.S.A. § 1312-B (Supp.1983-1984); one count of operating after suspension, 29 M.R.S.A. § 2184 [1131]*1131(Supp.1983-1984); and, one count of driving to endanger, 29 M.R.S.A. § 1314 (Supp. 1983-1984).

On appeal defendant argues that the court erred in the following respects: by failing to dismiss all charges because of the state’s failure to preserve evidence; by denying pretrial motions for the suppression of physical evidence and a statement made by defendant; by failing to grant a mistrial; and, by permitting inadmissible testimony to be introduced. We find no error, and we deny the appeal.

I.

Defendant is the sole survivor of a one car accident in which his companions, Carl Foster and Leroy Goodrich, died. The accident occurred at approximately 5:00 a.m. on August 27, 1982 when a car owned by defendant failed to negotiate a curve and hit a telephone pole at the intersection of Routes 23 and 104 in Fairfield Center. The car split into two parts on impact, and the body of Leroy Goodrich was found wedged against the telephone pole in the rear portion of the car. Carl Foster and defendant were found in the roadway, apparently having been thrown from the front portion of the car.

It was the position of the defense at trial that Carl Foster was driving at the time of the accident. There were no witnesses to the accident, and defendant did not testify. The state presented two medical witnesses and an expert in accident reconstruction who testified that in their opinion defendant was the driver of the vehicle. Defendant presented an expert in accident reconstruction who testified that in his opinion the identity of the driver could not be determined. Defendant was convicted on all charges, and he appeals.

II.

Three days before trial, defendant moved to dismiss all counts of the indictment on the ground that the state failed to preserve the car, thereby depriving defendant of an opportunity to gather evidence for his defense.

The accident occurred during the early morning of August 27, 1982. That same day, the two halves of the car were towed from the accident scene to an autobody shop in Fairfield at the direction of the State Police. Numerous photographs of the car were taken both at the scene and at the shop. The car was secured in a locked building for about one week while the state’s agents conducted their examination. At the end of that week, an unidentified police officer told the shop's owner to do what he pleased with the car, and it was moved outside. Later in the fall of 1982, the back portion of the car was moved to a field in Rome. In July of 1983, the shop owner moved the front portion to the same location after removing the transmission and engine.

Defense counsel was appointed on September 17, 1982. He made no attempt to examine the vehicle before August 10, 1983, when he learned for the first time that the car was no longer secured. Defendant’s motion for the appointment of an expert witness was granted on August 4, 1983. Defense counsel and his expert witness visited the field to inspect the ear at some point after August 10, 1983. On Friday, September 16, 1983 — three days before the trial began — defendant moved to dismiss the indictment for the state’s failure to preserve the car. He argues that he was prejudiced in the following manner: first, he was precluded from testing the state’s evidence by challenging the thoroughness of the state’s examination of the car; second, he was precluded from discovering and introducing exculpatory evidence which the state might have missed; and third, the credibility of his expert witness was diminished because his expert had not personally examined the car while it was secured.

Defendant does not contend that the state destroyed or withheld exculpatory evidence; such conduct would clearly be violative of defendant’s right to due pro[1132]*1132cess. See United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97 (1976); Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963). The prosecutor’s duty to disclose evidence is not implicated in this case because there is no suggestion that the state, either intentionally or innocently, suppressed any exculpatory evidence. See generally An-not., 34 A.L.R.3d 16, at § 6 (1970 & Supp. 1983). Defendant does not contend that the state failed to preserve relevant evidence. Each item of evidence obtained from defendant’s car by agents of the state was preserved and made available to defendant’s counsel.1 Defendant concedes that the frame and body of the car were still available at the time of trial and had been personally examined by his expert witness prior to trial. Notwithstanding the fact that the state made available to defendant all evidence taken from the car, defendant argues that the entire car should have been secured from August 27, 1982 until August 10, 1983, when defense counsel and his expert were prepared to examine the interior of the car for evidence which the state might have overlooked.

Defendant’s complaint does not involve the destruction or suppression of evidence but rather it involves the loss of an opportunity to examine evidence under the same conditions as were afforded to the agents of the state. Defendant attempts to characterize his car immediately after impact as one piece of evidence, and would require the state to secure that piece of evidence and make it available to him without alteration. In fact a car sheared in half and scattered over the roadway is more analogous to the scene of a crime than to a single piece of evidence. Defense counsel’s speculation that exculpatory evidence might have been overlooked does not entitle defendant to a dismissal of the indictment. The Superior Court committed no error in denying defendant’s motion to dismiss.

III.

Defendant moved to suppress both the articles seized from defendant’s car and the results of the tests performed on those articles, on the ground that the state conducted a warrantless search and seizure. The presiding justice ruled that a warrant was not required under the circumstances, and we agree.

In State v. Johnson, 413 A.2d 931 (Me.1980) we held that the police are justified in entering a house to locate a possible homicide victim and are justified in conducting a limited search and seizure of items in plain view. The search at issue in Johnson was the officer’s examination of a jewelry box and his dusting of the box for fingerprints. We held that the search was limited “in scope, time and method to the exigencies of the situation.” 413 A.2d at 934.

In the instant case the police were similarly justified in being at the scene of the accident on a public highway and in trying to aid the accident victims. Empty beer bottles and a cooler in the back seat were in the plain view of the officers at the scene and reasonably suggested that alcohol was a factor in the accident. In addition, the accident scene provided probable cause to believe that the operation of the car was criminal even in the absence of alcohol. In Johnson

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Bluebook (online)
481 A.2d 1129, 1984 Me. LEXIS 781, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-house-me-1984.