State v. Honton

87 P.3d 328, 32 Kan. App. 2d 623, 2004 Kan. App. LEXIS 270
CourtCourt of Appeals of Kansas
DecidedMarch 26, 2004
DocketNo. 90,016
StatusPublished

This text of 87 P.3d 328 (State v. Honton) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Kansas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Honton, 87 P.3d 328, 32 Kan. App. 2d 623, 2004 Kan. App. LEXIS 270 (kanctapp 2004).

Opinion

Hill, J.:

Thomas Honton appeals the district court’s denial of his motion to correct an illegal sentence. Honton contends that he should have been sentenced for his securities fraud violation under the lesser 1989 penalty for his crime instead of the more harsh 1990 penalty. Because his misappropriation of funds took place in January 1991, the 1990 penalty applies, and we affirm the district court’s denial of Honton’s motion.

[624]*624 HISTORY OF THIS MOTION

Honton was convicted in January 1996 of one count of securities fraud in violation of K.S.A. 17-1253 (Ensley 1988) (penalty section K.S.A. 1991 Supp. 17-1267). He received an indeterminate sentence of 3 to 10 years for the Class D felony as well as 2 years’ probation and was ordered to pay restitution. Honton’s conviction was affirmed by this court in State v. Honton, No. 77,317, unpublished opinion filed May 1, 1998. His probation was extended in January 1999. Probation was revoked in November 2001 when the district court ordered Honton to serve his 3- to 10-year sentence.

Honton filed a pro se motion to correct an illegal sentence in July 2002, arguing that he had been improperly sentenced to an indeterminate 3- to 10-year sentence under K.S.A. 1991 Supp. 17-1267 when he should have been sentenced under K.S.A. 17-1267 (Ensley 1988) that provided for a maximum sentence of 3 years. Honton also argued that the district court erred when it extended his probation in 1999 because he was not present for the hearing. The district court denied Honton’s motion and ruled that Honton was not eligible for sentence conversion from an indeterminate sentence to a determinate sentence. Plonton appeals this order, contending his is an illegal sentence, and asks us to remand his case for resentencing. He also argues that his probation could not have exceeded 3 years (matching the maximum 1989 sentence), and, therefore, the district court could not have extended his probation past 1999.

CASE BACKGROUND

Lee and Dorothy Hansen initially retained Honton as their C.P.A. in a tax dispute with the Internal Revenue Service. Lee Hansen testified during Honton’s trial that he later wired $58,000 to Honton in 1989 in accordance with a tax shelter and investment plan they had discussed. The Hansens thought that Honton was going to invest the money in mutual funds. Without the knowledge or consent of the Hansens, Honton spent the money in January 1991 on a worthless Colorado water rights investment and some personal business expenses. The Hansens tried to contact Honton [625]*625for 2 years. His fraud was not discovered until 1993, after Lee Hansen filed a complaint about Honton with the Kansas Securities Commissioner.

POINTS OF LAW

An illegal sentence is defined

“ ‘ “ ‘[as] either a sentence imposed by a court -without jurisdiction; a sentence which does not conform to the statutory provision, either in the character or the term of the punishment authorized; or a sentence which is ambiguous with respect to the time and manner in which it is to be served.’ ” ’ [Citations omitted].” State v. Sisk, 266 Kan. 41, 43, 966 P.2d 671 (1998).

An illegal sentence may be corrected at any time under K.S.A. 22-3504(1). The issue of whether a criminal sentence is illegal is a question of law, State v. Reed, 23 Kan. App. 2d 661, Syl. ¶ 1, 934 P.2d 157, rev. denied 262 Kan. 968 (1997), and an appellate court’s review of a question of law is unlimited. State v. Robinson, 261 Kan. 865, Syl. ¶ 1, 934 P.2d 38 (1997).

APPELLANTS CONTENTIONS

Honton contends that because of the way he was charged, the manner in which his jury was instructed, and the fact that his jury rendered a general verdict that did not specify the date of his offense, he should have been sentenced under the 1989 penalty for his crime and not the more harsh 1990 penalty. The complaint filed against Honton alleged that he committed securities fraud “on or about the 12th day of April, 1989 . . . through and including on or around the month of August, 1993.”

The elements instruction given to his jury provided:

“In this case, the defendant, Thomas B. Honton, is charged with the crime Unlawful Acts in Connection with The Offer, Sale or Purchase of Securities. The defendant’s plea to this charge is not guilty.
“To prove this charge, the State must prove the following:
“1. That the defendant was involved directly or indirectly in the offer or sale of a security to or for Lee and/or Dorothy Hansen;
“2. That the defendant
(A) Engaged in an act, practice or course of business which operated as a fraud or deceit upon Lee and/or Dorothy Hansen, or
[626]*626(B) Omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to malee the statements which were made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, to-wit:
(1) that money of the Hansens had been misappropriated in January, 1991, and that the misappropriated money had been used for the defendant’s personal benefit.
(2) that the Hansen’s money was lost in the Colorado water investment.
“3. That one or more of these acts and/or omissions occurred between the 12th day of April, 1989, and the month of August, 1993, in Sedgwick County, Kansas.”

ANALYSIS

Between April 1989 and August 1993, there were three possible sentences for violating the securities fraud statute. First, K.S.A. 17-1267 (Ensley 1988) stated the maximum sentence available was not more than 3 years. Then in 1990, that statute was amended and the crime was reclassified as a class D felony with a possible minimum sentence of 1 to 3 years’ confinement and maximum of 5 to 10 years. See K.S.A. 1991 Supp. 17-1267. After that, on July 1, 1993, with the advent of sentencing guidelines, the crime was described as a level 6, nonperson felony. See K.S.A. 1993 Supp. 17-1267.

Honton does not argue in this appeal that his sentence should have been converted from an indeterminate to a determinate sentence under the sentencing guidelines.

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Related

State v. Mullins
977 P.2d 931 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 1999)
State v. Micheaux
747 P.2d 784 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 1987)
State v. Robinson
934 P.2d 38 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 1997)
State v. REED, SR.
934 P.2d 157 (Court of Appeals of Kansas, 1997)
State v. Sisk
966 P.2d 671 (Supreme Court of Kansas, 1998)

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Bluebook (online)
87 P.3d 328, 32 Kan. App. 2d 623, 2004 Kan. App. LEXIS 270, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-honton-kanctapp-2004.