[Cite as State v. Hoke, 2011-Ohio-1221.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LAWRENCE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : : Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 10CA32 : vs. : : ROBERT E. HOKE, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY : Defendant-Appellant. : RELEASED 03/09/11 : ______________________________________________________________________ APPEARANCES:
Michael A. Davenport, Lambert Law Offices, Ironton, Ohio, for Appellant.
J.B. Collier, Jr., Lawrence County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jeffrey M. Smith, Lawrence County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Ironton, Ohio, for Appellee. ______________________________________________________________________ Harsha, P.J.
{1} Robert E. Hoke appeals his convictions for rape and failing to provide a
change of address. He contends that the trial court erred by refusing to allow him to
withdraw his guilty plea before the court sentenced him. Because Hoke failed to set
forth any reasonable basis for withdrawing his plea, but rather, raised a general
assertion that he did not understand the consequences of the change of plea hearing,
the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying his motion. Hoke also asserts that
trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by apparently misinforming
Hoke that Hoke’s sister would testify against him at trial. However, this assertion rests
upon an alleged off-the-record discussion and, thus, is not a proper argument to raise
on direct appeal. Accordingly, we overrule Hoke’s two assignments of error and affirm
the trial court’s judgment. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 2
I. FACTS
{2} On March 26, 2010, the Lawrence County Grand Jury returned an
indictment that charged Hoke with one count of rape, in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(1)(b), and failure to provide a change of address, in violation of R.C.
2950.05(E)(1). Hoke initially entered not guilty pleas, but later agreed to plead guilty.
{3} Before the change of plea hearing, Hoke signed a four-page, twenty-six
question document entitled “Proceeding on Plea of Guilty.” The twenty-six questions
tracked the language contained in Crim.R. 11 and fully covered all of the Crim.R. 11
requirements. Hoke indicated his understanding to each and every one of the twenty-
six questions. At the plea hearing, he advised the court that he signed the document
and that he answered the questions truthfully. When the court asked Hoke if he
understood the rights he waived by pleading guilty, Hoke stated that he did. The court
read the charges set forth in the indictment and the corresponding penalties and asked
Hoke if he understood that a guilty plea is an admission that he committed the
allegations in the indictment. Hoke stated that he did. At no point did Hoke express any
confusion or failure to understand the consequences of pleading guilty. The court thus
accepted Hoke’s pleas and set the matter for sentencing.
{4} Before sentencing, Hoke filed a motion to withdraw his guilty pleas. He
asserted that he did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily enter his plea because
“he did not fully appreciate the consequences of his plea.” The court held a hearing.
Hoke did not cite any specific reason to withdraw his plea, beyond alleging that he did
not understand. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 3
{5} The trial court subsequently overruled Hoke’s motion to withdraw his guilty
plea. The court determined that Hoke “failed to disclose any reasonable or articulate
basis for [his] motion,” but rather, “took the position that he ‘did not understand.’” The
court found that his statement that he “did not understand” “flies in the face of a properly
conducted Crim.R. 11 hearing, which was afforded [Hoke] and properly carried out.”
The court concluded that Hoke failed to satisfy “the minimal requirements for a motion
to withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing.”
{6} The trial court later sentenced Hoke to (1) life imprisonment with parole
eligibility after serving 15 years for the rape offense and (2) eleven months of
imprisonment for the failure to provide a change of address offense.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{7} Hoke raises two assignments of error:
First Assignment of Error:
“The court erred in denying appellant’s motion to withdraw plea.”
Second Assignment of Error:
“Appellant received ineffective assistance of counsel.”
III. MOTION TO WITHDRAW PLEA
{8} In his first assignment of error, Hoke argues that the trial court erred by
rejecting his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. He asserts, for the first time on appeal,
that the court should have allowed him to withdraw his plea because his trial counsel
incorrectly informed him that if the case went to trial, Hoke’s sister would be a
prosecution witness. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 4
A. NEW ARGUMENT
{9} It is well-established that an appellate court will not entertain new
arguments on appeal. See, e.g., State v. Pigg, Scioto App. No. 04CA2947, 2005-Ohio-
2227, at ¶34 (citation omitted). Hoke never mentioned during the trial court proceedings
that his counsel gave him any information regarding his sister’s testimony. Thus, to the
extent Hoke’s assignment of error rests upon an argument he failed to raise during the
trial court proceedings, we will not consider it.
B. OFF-THE-RECORD ASSERTIONS
{10} Hoke’s assertion regarding what his defense counsel advised him relies
upon an alleged conversation that appears nowhere in the trial court record. We may
not consider matters outside the record on a direct appeal. Instead, an appellant may
raise matters outside the record by filing a postconviction relief petition in the trial court.
See, e.g., State v. Nichols (1984), 11 Ohio St.3d 40, 42, 463 N.E.2d 375 (citing State v.
Gibson (1980), 69 Ohio App.2d 91, 95, 430 N.E.2d 954 (stating that postconviction relief
provides the appropriate remedy when referring to matters outside the record)); State v.
Schofield (Dec. 10, 1999), Washington App. No. 99CA10; see, also, State v. Wolfson,
Lawrence App. No. 02CA28, 2003-Ohio-4440; State v. Jacobson, Adams App. No.
01CA730, 2003-Ohio-1201.
C. PRE-SENTENCE MOTION TO WITHDRAW GUILTY PLEA
{11} To the extent that Hoke generally asserts that the trial court erred by
overruling his motion to withdraw his guilty plea, we disagree.
{12} Crim.R. 32.1 states: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest
may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 5
court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant
to withdraw his or her plea.” “‘[A] presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea should
be freely and liberally granted.’” State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-
3831, 935 N.E.2d 9, at ¶57, quoting State v. Xie (1992), 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 527, 584
N.E.2d 715. However, a defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a guilty
or no contest plea prior to sentencing. Xie at paragraph one of the syllabus; State v.
Spivey, 81 Ohio St.3d 405, 415, 1998-Ohio-437, 692 N.E.2d 151. Thus, the trial court
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[Cite as State v. Hoke, 2011-Ohio-1221.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT LAWRENCE COUNTY
STATE OF OHIO, : : Plaintiff-Appellee, : Case No. 10CA32 : vs. : : ROBERT E. HOKE, : DECISION AND JUDGMENT ENTRY : Defendant-Appellant. : RELEASED 03/09/11 : ______________________________________________________________________ APPEARANCES:
Michael A. Davenport, Lambert Law Offices, Ironton, Ohio, for Appellant.
J.B. Collier, Jr., Lawrence County Prosecuting Attorney, and Jeffrey M. Smith, Lawrence County Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, Ironton, Ohio, for Appellee. ______________________________________________________________________ Harsha, P.J.
{1} Robert E. Hoke appeals his convictions for rape and failing to provide a
change of address. He contends that the trial court erred by refusing to allow him to
withdraw his guilty plea before the court sentenced him. Because Hoke failed to set
forth any reasonable basis for withdrawing his plea, but rather, raised a general
assertion that he did not understand the consequences of the change of plea hearing,
the trial court did not abuse its discretion by denying his motion. Hoke also asserts that
trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel by apparently misinforming
Hoke that Hoke’s sister would testify against him at trial. However, this assertion rests
upon an alleged off-the-record discussion and, thus, is not a proper argument to raise
on direct appeal. Accordingly, we overrule Hoke’s two assignments of error and affirm
the trial court’s judgment. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 2
I. FACTS
{2} On March 26, 2010, the Lawrence County Grand Jury returned an
indictment that charged Hoke with one count of rape, in violation of R.C.
2907.02(A)(1)(b), and failure to provide a change of address, in violation of R.C.
2950.05(E)(1). Hoke initially entered not guilty pleas, but later agreed to plead guilty.
{3} Before the change of plea hearing, Hoke signed a four-page, twenty-six
question document entitled “Proceeding on Plea of Guilty.” The twenty-six questions
tracked the language contained in Crim.R. 11 and fully covered all of the Crim.R. 11
requirements. Hoke indicated his understanding to each and every one of the twenty-
six questions. At the plea hearing, he advised the court that he signed the document
and that he answered the questions truthfully. When the court asked Hoke if he
understood the rights he waived by pleading guilty, Hoke stated that he did. The court
read the charges set forth in the indictment and the corresponding penalties and asked
Hoke if he understood that a guilty plea is an admission that he committed the
allegations in the indictment. Hoke stated that he did. At no point did Hoke express any
confusion or failure to understand the consequences of pleading guilty. The court thus
accepted Hoke’s pleas and set the matter for sentencing.
{4} Before sentencing, Hoke filed a motion to withdraw his guilty pleas. He
asserted that he did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily enter his plea because
“he did not fully appreciate the consequences of his plea.” The court held a hearing.
Hoke did not cite any specific reason to withdraw his plea, beyond alleging that he did
not understand. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 3
{5} The trial court subsequently overruled Hoke’s motion to withdraw his guilty
plea. The court determined that Hoke “failed to disclose any reasonable or articulate
basis for [his] motion,” but rather, “took the position that he ‘did not understand.’” The
court found that his statement that he “did not understand” “flies in the face of a properly
conducted Crim.R. 11 hearing, which was afforded [Hoke] and properly carried out.”
The court concluded that Hoke failed to satisfy “the minimal requirements for a motion
to withdraw a guilty plea prior to sentencing.”
{6} The trial court later sentenced Hoke to (1) life imprisonment with parole
eligibility after serving 15 years for the rape offense and (2) eleven months of
imprisonment for the failure to provide a change of address offense.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{7} Hoke raises two assignments of error:
First Assignment of Error:
“The court erred in denying appellant’s motion to withdraw plea.”
Second Assignment of Error:
“Appellant received ineffective assistance of counsel.”
III. MOTION TO WITHDRAW PLEA
{8} In his first assignment of error, Hoke argues that the trial court erred by
rejecting his motion to withdraw his guilty plea. He asserts, for the first time on appeal,
that the court should have allowed him to withdraw his plea because his trial counsel
incorrectly informed him that if the case went to trial, Hoke’s sister would be a
prosecution witness. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 4
A. NEW ARGUMENT
{9} It is well-established that an appellate court will not entertain new
arguments on appeal. See, e.g., State v. Pigg, Scioto App. No. 04CA2947, 2005-Ohio-
2227, at ¶34 (citation omitted). Hoke never mentioned during the trial court proceedings
that his counsel gave him any information regarding his sister’s testimony. Thus, to the
extent Hoke’s assignment of error rests upon an argument he failed to raise during the
trial court proceedings, we will not consider it.
B. OFF-THE-RECORD ASSERTIONS
{10} Hoke’s assertion regarding what his defense counsel advised him relies
upon an alleged conversation that appears nowhere in the trial court record. We may
not consider matters outside the record on a direct appeal. Instead, an appellant may
raise matters outside the record by filing a postconviction relief petition in the trial court.
See, e.g., State v. Nichols (1984), 11 Ohio St.3d 40, 42, 463 N.E.2d 375 (citing State v.
Gibson (1980), 69 Ohio App.2d 91, 95, 430 N.E.2d 954 (stating that postconviction relief
provides the appropriate remedy when referring to matters outside the record)); State v.
Schofield (Dec. 10, 1999), Washington App. No. 99CA10; see, also, State v. Wolfson,
Lawrence App. No. 02CA28, 2003-Ohio-4440; State v. Jacobson, Adams App. No.
01CA730, 2003-Ohio-1201.
C. PRE-SENTENCE MOTION TO WITHDRAW GUILTY PLEA
{11} To the extent that Hoke generally asserts that the trial court erred by
overruling his motion to withdraw his guilty plea, we disagree.
{12} Crim.R. 32.1 states: “A motion to withdraw a plea of guilty or no contest
may be made only before sentence is imposed; but to correct manifest injustice the Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 5
court after sentence may set aside the judgment of conviction and permit the defendant
to withdraw his or her plea.” “‘[A] presentence motion to withdraw a guilty plea should
be freely and liberally granted.’” State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-
3831, 935 N.E.2d 9, at ¶57, quoting State v. Xie (1992), 62 Ohio St.3d 521, 527, 584
N.E.2d 715. However, a defendant does not have an absolute right to withdraw a guilty
or no contest plea prior to sentencing. Xie at paragraph one of the syllabus; State v.
Spivey, 81 Ohio St.3d 405, 415, 1998-Ohio-437, 692 N.E.2d 151. Thus, the trial court
possesses broad discretion to grant or deny a presentence motion to withdraw a plea,
and we will not reverse the court’s decision absent an abuse of that discretion. Xie at
paragraph two of the syllabus; Spivey, 81 Ohio St.3d at 415. The term “abuse of
discretion” implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, unconscionable, or arbitrary.
See, e.g., State v. Adams (1980), 62 Ohio St.2d 151, 157, 404 N.E.2d 144.
Furthermore, “[w]hen applying the abuse of discretion standard, a reviewing court is not
free to merely substitute its judgment for that of the trial court.” In re Jane Doe 1 (1991),
57 Ohio St.3d 135, 137-138, 566 N.E.2d 1181.
{13} We have set forth a list of factors that we consider when determining
whether a trial court abused its discretion by denying a presentence motion to withdraw
a plea: “‘(1) whether the accused was represented by highly competent counsel, (2)
whether the accused was given a full Crim.R. 11 hearing before entering the plea, (3)
whether a full hearing was held on the withdrawal motion, and (4) whether the trial court
gave full and fair consideration to the motion.’” State v. Campbell, Athens App. No.
08CA31, 2009-Ohio-4992, at ¶7, quoting State v. McNeil (2001), 146 Ohio App.3d 173,
176, 765 N.E.2d 884; see, also, State v. Gibbs, Ross App. Nos. 10CA3137 and Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 6
10CA3138, 2010-Ohio-2246, at ¶9. Other considerations include: “‘(1) whether the
motion was made within a reasonable time; (2) whether the motion set out specific
reasons for the withdrawal; (3) whether the accused understood the nature of the
charges and the possible penalties; and (4) whether the accused was perhaps not guilty
or had a complete defense to the charges.’” Campbell at ¶7, quoting McNeil, 146 Ohio
App.3d at 176. A change of heart or mistaken belief about the plea is not a reasonable
basis requiring a trial court to permit the defendant to withdraw the plea. Campbell at
¶7, citing State v. Lambros (1988), 44 Ohio App.3d 102, 103, 541 N.E.2d 632.
{14} In the case at bar, the trial court did not abuse its discretion. The trial
court conducted a full Crim.R. 11 hearing and Hoke answered twenty-six questions in a
four-page plea proceeding document that essentially tracked all of the Crim.R. 11
requirements. Hoke’s answers indicated his understanding of the entire document. At
the plea hearing, Hoke never expressed any confusion or failure to understand the
consequences of pleading guilty. The trial court conducted a hearing regarding Hoke’s
withdrawal motion, and neither Hoke nor his counsel could articulate any reasonable
basis upon which to withdraw the plea. Rather, Hoke merely asserted that he did not
understand. However, as the trial court aptly noted, the record belies Hoke’s assertion.
It does not appear that Hoke failed to understand the plea proceedings or the
consequences of pleading guilty, but rather, that he had a change of heart. A change of
heart is not a sufficient reason to withdraw a guilty plea.
{15} Accordingly, we overrule Hoke’s first assignment of error.
IV. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 7
{16} In order to prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, an
appellant must show that (1) his counsel’s performance was deficient, and (2) the
deficient performance prejudiced his defense so as to deprive him of a fair trial. State v.
Drummond, 111 Ohio St.3d 14, 2006-Ohio-5084, 854 N.E.2d 1038, at ¶205, citing
Strickland v. Washington (1984), 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674.
To establish deficient performance, an appellant must show that trial counsel’s
performance fell below an objective level of reasonable representation. State v.
Conway, 109 Ohio St.3d 412, 2006-Ohio-2815, 848 N.E.2d 810, at ¶95. To establish
prejudice, an appellant must show a reasonable probability exists that, but for the
alleged errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. Id. The
appellant has the burden of proof on the issue of counsel’s ineffectiveness because a
properly licensed attorney is presumed competent. State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d
377, 2006-Ohio-6679, 860 N.E.2d 77, at ¶62.
{17} Hoke claims that trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance because
counsel was either misinformed or misunderstood Hoke’s sister’s intent to testify at trial.
Hoke asserts that he decided to plead guilty based upon defense counsel’s assertion
that Hoke’s sister intended to testify against him at trial. Because this claim rests upon
an alleged off-the-record statement, we may not consider it in this direct appeal. The
proper avenue by which to raise such a claim would be through the filing of a
postconviction relief petition. See supra.
{18} Accordingly, we overrule Hoke’s second assignment of error and affirm
the trial court’s judgment.
JUDGMENT AFFIRMED. Lawrence App. No. 10CA32 8
JUDGMENT ENTRY
It is ordered that the JUDGMENT IS AFFIRMED and that Appellant shall pay the costs.
The Court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this Court directing the Lawrence County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution.
IF A STAY OF EXECUTION OF SENTENCE AND RELEASE UPON BAIL HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY GRANTED BY THE TRIAL COURT OR THIS COURT, it is temporarily continued for a period not to exceed sixty days upon the bail previously posted. The purpose of a continued stay is to allow Appellant to file with the Supreme Court of Ohio an application for a stay during the pendency of proceedings in that court. If a stay is continued by this entry, it will terminate at the earlier of the expiration of the sixty day period, or the failure of the Appellant to file a notice of appeal with the Supreme Court of Ohio in the forty-five day appeal period pursuant to Rule II, Sec. 2 of the Rules of Practice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. Additionally, if the Supreme Court of Ohio dismisses the appeal prior to expiration of sixty days, the stay will terminate as of the date of such dismissal.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Exceptions.
Kline, J. & McFarland, J.: Concur in Judgment and Opinion.
For the Court
BY: ______________________________ William H. Harsha, Presiding Judge
NOTICE TO COUNSEL
Pursuant to Local Rule No. 14, this document constitutes a final judgment entry and the time period for further appeal commences from the date of filing with the clerk.