[Cite as State v. Hile, 2017-Ohio-1221.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT HURON COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. H-16-008
Appellee Trial Court No. CRB 1501366
v.
Justin R. Hile DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: March 31, 2017
*****
G. Stuart O’Hara, Jr., Law Director, and Scott M. Christophel, Assistant Law Director, for appellee.
John M. Felter, for appellant.
***** SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Justin Hile, appeals the March 4, 2016 judgment of the Norwalk
Municipal Court convicting him, following a bench trial, of obstruction of official
business in violation of R.C. 2921.31(A), a misdemeanor of the second degree. Finding
no error, we affirm. Assignments of Error
{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignments of error:
1. DEFENDANT/APPELLANT DID NOT PROPERLY WAIVE
HIS RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL.
2. THE COURT’S DECISION WAS NOT BASED ON
SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.
3. THE COURT’S DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
Background Facts
{¶ 3} On January 28, 2015, appellant was arrested for outstanding warrants.
Appellant was transported to and admitted into the Huron County jail. Upon arriving at
the jail, appellant was confrontational with officers.
{¶ 4} Appellant had a puncture wound on his neck which the officers perceived as
indication of intravenous drug use. This prompted a more thorough response and intake
process, because the officers intended to eliminate the possibility of appellant’s drug use
affecting his intake or his or other inmates’ stay. Included in this more thorough intake
process are, among others, procedures such as cavity searches, showers, and drug
screening. During the process, appellant was uncooperative.
{¶ 5} Appellant’s behavior ranged from refusing drug screening and a shower,
using offensive language, ignoring lawful commands, deliberately and physically
resisting officers, attempting to kick and injure officers, actually injuring an officer, and
2. eventually requiring a restraint chair. All this was corroborated by photographic and
testimonial evidence at trial.
{¶ 6} On February 6, 2015, appellant was charged with obstructing official
business in violation of R.C. 2921.31(A). Appellant was originally bound over to the
grand jury on February 24, 2015. However, Huron County prosecutors dismissed the
case and it was sent back to Norwalk Municipal Court by way of bill of information.
{¶ 7} On October 21, 2015, appellant pled not guilty to the obstruction of justice.
The matter was set for trial on November 3, 2015. At this time, appellant proceeded pro
se and appellee moved the court to convert the trial to pretrial because, “in the best
interest of justice[,]” appellee desired time “to speak with the pro se defendant.” On
November 2, 2015, the trial court granted the motion and reset trial for November 10,
2015.
{¶ 8} On November 10, 2015, appellant’s counsel made appearance. In so doing,
counsel filed a written appearance wherein he also reiterated appellant’s not guilty plea,
waived time limits, moved to convert the November 10 trial date to a pretrial, and
requested full and complete discovery. The written entry/motion made no mention of
appellant’s request for jury trial, and appellant had not made such request pro se. The
matter was reset on numerous occasions, and trial was eventually set for February 24,
2016.
{¶ 9} On February 16, 2016, appellant’s counsel moved for another continuance,
and the court issued two responding judgments on February 17, 2016. On the docket, one
3. judgment denied the motion but stated “jury trial” was set for March 4, 2016. However,
the corresponding judgment entry makes no mention of a “jury trial” or alternate date.
The entry simply reflects a denial of the continuance.
{¶ 10} The second judgment, on both the docket and within its entry, actually
reflects the trial date as March 4, 2016. Further, this judgment does not state “jury” when
stating that “[t]he matter is continued for trial from February 24, 2016 at 9:00 a.m. until
March 4, 2016[.]” In fact, the trial was reset for March 4, 2016.
{¶ 11} On March 4, 2016, appellant and his counsel arrived at court prepared for a
jury trial. Upon being notified of the trial being tried by the court, appellant and his
counsel made no objection and proceeded with the bench trial. Appellant’s brief argues
this was in an effort to bypass the court denying another continuance because, according
to appellant, there was a strong possibility the court would deny the request.
{¶ 12} The bench trial commenced, and photographic and testimonial evidence
was presented. One officer, who was the supervisor during the January 28, 2015 intake
incident, testified to the occurrences that led to appellant’s obstruction of justice charge.
The bench trial proceeded and appellant was convicted.
{¶ 13} The judgment was journalized that day. Appellant was fined $400 and
sentenced to 90 days incarceration. On March 17, 2016, appellant filed a notice of appeal
from the March 4, 2016 judgment.
4. Assignment of Error No. 1
{¶ 14} In the first assignment of error, appellant argues his open court waiver of a
jury trial was insufficient to deem his waiver valid. Appellee contends appellant never
demanded a jury trial in writing and, to the contrary, accepted and acquiesced to being
tried by the bench for his petty offense.
{¶ 15} Crim.R. 23(A) specifically provides:
In petty offense cases, where there is a right of jury trial, the
defendant shall be tried by the court unless he demands a jury trial. Such
demand must be in writing and filed with the clerk of court not less than ten
days prior to the date set for trial, or on or before the third day following
receipt of notice of the date set for trial, whichever is later. Failure to
demand a jury trial as provided in this subdivision is a complete waiver of
the right thereto.
See, e.g., State v. Straka, 3d Dist. Paulding No. 11-06-01, 2006-Ohio-2786, ¶ 5 (“[T]here
is no absolute right to a jury trial in cases where the defendant has been charged with
misdemeanor offenses.”).
{¶ 16} Crim.R. 2 defines a “petty offense” as “a misdemeanor other than a serious
offense.” See Crim.R. 2(D). A “serious offense” is “any felony, and any misdemeanor
for which the penalty prescribed by law includes confinement for more than six months.”
Thus, a petty offense is one for which a defendant is at risk of six months incarceration or
less. See City of Toledo v. Prude, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-02-1250, 2003-Ohio-3226, ¶ 7.
5. {¶ 17} Here, appellant appeared before the court on October 19, 2015, pled not
guilty and, according to appellee’s November 2, 2015 motion to convert trial to pretrial,
proceeded pro se until his counsel made appearance on November 10, 2015. In counsel’s
entry of appearance, there is a reiteration of appellant’s not guilty plea, a waiver of time,
a motion to convert trial, and a request for discovery. The motion does not mention or
request a trial by jury, and up until that point, there is no record of appellant requesting a
jury trial while proceeding pro se.
{¶ 18} Further, the record and appellant reveal that he and his counsel did not
challenge the bench trial once provided notice.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as State v. Hile, 2017-Ohio-1221.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT HURON COUNTY
State of Ohio Court of Appeals No. H-16-008
Appellee Trial Court No. CRB 1501366
v.
Justin R. Hile DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Appellant Decided: March 31, 2017
*****
G. Stuart O’Hara, Jr., Law Director, and Scott M. Christophel, Assistant Law Director, for appellee.
John M. Felter, for appellant.
***** SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, Justin Hile, appeals the March 4, 2016 judgment of the Norwalk
Municipal Court convicting him, following a bench trial, of obstruction of official
business in violation of R.C. 2921.31(A), a misdemeanor of the second degree. Finding
no error, we affirm. Assignments of Error
{¶ 2} Appellant sets forth the following assignments of error:
1. DEFENDANT/APPELLANT DID NOT PROPERLY WAIVE
HIS RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL.
2. THE COURT’S DECISION WAS NOT BASED ON
SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE.
3. THE COURT’S DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST
WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
Background Facts
{¶ 3} On January 28, 2015, appellant was arrested for outstanding warrants.
Appellant was transported to and admitted into the Huron County jail. Upon arriving at
the jail, appellant was confrontational with officers.
{¶ 4} Appellant had a puncture wound on his neck which the officers perceived as
indication of intravenous drug use. This prompted a more thorough response and intake
process, because the officers intended to eliminate the possibility of appellant’s drug use
affecting his intake or his or other inmates’ stay. Included in this more thorough intake
process are, among others, procedures such as cavity searches, showers, and drug
screening. During the process, appellant was uncooperative.
{¶ 5} Appellant’s behavior ranged from refusing drug screening and a shower,
using offensive language, ignoring lawful commands, deliberately and physically
resisting officers, attempting to kick and injure officers, actually injuring an officer, and
2. eventually requiring a restraint chair. All this was corroborated by photographic and
testimonial evidence at trial.
{¶ 6} On February 6, 2015, appellant was charged with obstructing official
business in violation of R.C. 2921.31(A). Appellant was originally bound over to the
grand jury on February 24, 2015. However, Huron County prosecutors dismissed the
case and it was sent back to Norwalk Municipal Court by way of bill of information.
{¶ 7} On October 21, 2015, appellant pled not guilty to the obstruction of justice.
The matter was set for trial on November 3, 2015. At this time, appellant proceeded pro
se and appellee moved the court to convert the trial to pretrial because, “in the best
interest of justice[,]” appellee desired time “to speak with the pro se defendant.” On
November 2, 2015, the trial court granted the motion and reset trial for November 10,
2015.
{¶ 8} On November 10, 2015, appellant’s counsel made appearance. In so doing,
counsel filed a written appearance wherein he also reiterated appellant’s not guilty plea,
waived time limits, moved to convert the November 10 trial date to a pretrial, and
requested full and complete discovery. The written entry/motion made no mention of
appellant’s request for jury trial, and appellant had not made such request pro se. The
matter was reset on numerous occasions, and trial was eventually set for February 24,
2016.
{¶ 9} On February 16, 2016, appellant’s counsel moved for another continuance,
and the court issued two responding judgments on February 17, 2016. On the docket, one
3. judgment denied the motion but stated “jury trial” was set for March 4, 2016. However,
the corresponding judgment entry makes no mention of a “jury trial” or alternate date.
The entry simply reflects a denial of the continuance.
{¶ 10} The second judgment, on both the docket and within its entry, actually
reflects the trial date as March 4, 2016. Further, this judgment does not state “jury” when
stating that “[t]he matter is continued for trial from February 24, 2016 at 9:00 a.m. until
March 4, 2016[.]” In fact, the trial was reset for March 4, 2016.
{¶ 11} On March 4, 2016, appellant and his counsel arrived at court prepared for a
jury trial. Upon being notified of the trial being tried by the court, appellant and his
counsel made no objection and proceeded with the bench trial. Appellant’s brief argues
this was in an effort to bypass the court denying another continuance because, according
to appellant, there was a strong possibility the court would deny the request.
{¶ 12} The bench trial commenced, and photographic and testimonial evidence
was presented. One officer, who was the supervisor during the January 28, 2015 intake
incident, testified to the occurrences that led to appellant’s obstruction of justice charge.
The bench trial proceeded and appellant was convicted.
{¶ 13} The judgment was journalized that day. Appellant was fined $400 and
sentenced to 90 days incarceration. On March 17, 2016, appellant filed a notice of appeal
from the March 4, 2016 judgment.
4. Assignment of Error No. 1
{¶ 14} In the first assignment of error, appellant argues his open court waiver of a
jury trial was insufficient to deem his waiver valid. Appellee contends appellant never
demanded a jury trial in writing and, to the contrary, accepted and acquiesced to being
tried by the bench for his petty offense.
{¶ 15} Crim.R. 23(A) specifically provides:
In petty offense cases, where there is a right of jury trial, the
defendant shall be tried by the court unless he demands a jury trial. Such
demand must be in writing and filed with the clerk of court not less than ten
days prior to the date set for trial, or on or before the third day following
receipt of notice of the date set for trial, whichever is later. Failure to
demand a jury trial as provided in this subdivision is a complete waiver of
the right thereto.
See, e.g., State v. Straka, 3d Dist. Paulding No. 11-06-01, 2006-Ohio-2786, ¶ 5 (“[T]here
is no absolute right to a jury trial in cases where the defendant has been charged with
misdemeanor offenses.”).
{¶ 16} Crim.R. 2 defines a “petty offense” as “a misdemeanor other than a serious
offense.” See Crim.R. 2(D). A “serious offense” is “any felony, and any misdemeanor
for which the penalty prescribed by law includes confinement for more than six months.”
Thus, a petty offense is one for which a defendant is at risk of six months incarceration or
less. See City of Toledo v. Prude, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-02-1250, 2003-Ohio-3226, ¶ 7.
5. {¶ 17} Here, appellant appeared before the court on October 19, 2015, pled not
guilty and, according to appellee’s November 2, 2015 motion to convert trial to pretrial,
proceeded pro se until his counsel made appearance on November 10, 2015. In counsel’s
entry of appearance, there is a reiteration of appellant’s not guilty plea, a waiver of time,
a motion to convert trial, and a request for discovery. The motion does not mention or
request a trial by jury, and up until that point, there is no record of appellant requesting a
jury trial while proceeding pro se.
{¶ 18} Further, the record and appellant reveal that he and his counsel did not
challenge the bench trial once provided notice. There is no objection on record, and
appellant states in his brief that “[a]fter learning of [no jury trial] * * * Defendant/
Appellant and Counsel made the decision to proceed with bench trial.”
{¶ 19} Therefore, because appellant was charged with a petty offense, does not
point to record of his or counsel’s compliance with Crim.R. 23(A), and now challenges
an error he knowingly waived by proceeding to trial, we decline to give merit to his first
assigned error and it is found not well-taken.
Assignment of Error No. 2
{¶ 20} In the second assignment of error, appellant argues his convictions are not
supported by sufficient evidence. Appellee contends sufficient evidence was presented
during trial.
{¶ 21} In reviewing the record for sufficiency, “the relevant inquiry is whether,
after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier
6. of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable
doubt.” State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph two of the
syllabus.
{¶ 22} R.C. 2921.31(A) states “[n]o person, without privilege to do so and with
purpose to prevent, obstruct, or delay the performance by a public official of any
authorized act within the public official’s official capacity, shall do any act that hampers
or impedes a public official in the performance of the public official’s lawful duties.”
{¶ 23} A violation of R.C. 2921.31(A) requires an affirmative act, which is done
with intent to hamper or impede, and the act in fact hampers or impedes a public
official’s performance of lawful duties. See, e.g., State v. Mignard, 6th Dist. Ottawa Nos.
OT-10-007, OT-10-008, 2010-Ohio-5177, ¶ 22.
{¶ 24} Here, we find ample support for appellant’s conviction on record.
Specifically, the officer testified appellant repeatedly ignored commands, physically
resisted officers, attempted to kick officers, and required a restraint chair. Further, based
on appellant’s offensive language during the incident, we can reasonably infer appellant’s
actions were deliberately aimed at hampering or impeding the officers’ performances.
The testifying officer stated how he suffered for seven weeks from a resulting injury, and
how appellant’s actions otherwise hindered progress of the intake process that evening.
{¶ 25} Therefore, we find any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the crimes proven. The evidence is legally sufficient and this assigned error
has no merit and is found not well-taken.
7. Assignment of Error No. 3
{¶ 26} In the third assignment of error, appellant argues his convictions are against
the manifest weight. Appellee contends the convictions are amply supported by the
record.
{¶ 27} The standard of review for manifest weight is the same in a criminal case
as in a civil case, and an appellate court’s function is to determine whether the greater
amount of credible evidence supports the conviction. See Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio
St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, 972 N.E.2d 517, ¶ 12, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio
St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). The appellate court, as if the “thirteenth juror”
must review the record, weigh the evidence and all reasonable inferences drawn from it,
consider the witnesses’ credibility and decide, in resolving any conflicts in the evidence,
whether the trier-of-fact “clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of
justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” See State v. Steed,
6th Dist. Wood No. WD-15-069, 2016-Ohio-8088, ¶ 51, citing State v. Prescott, 190
Ohio App.3d 702, 2010-Ohio 6048, 943 N.E.2d 1092 (6th Dist.).
{¶ 28} Here, there is competent, credible evidence to support each element of
appellant’s obstruction of justice charge. As articulated above, appellant committed
affirmative acts which were intended and did in fact hinder or impede the progress of the
officers. Moreover, the greater amount of credible evidence amply supports the verdicts
reached because there was no conflict in the evidence presented at trial. This is not the
exceptional case in which the evidence weighs heavily against conviction.
8. {¶ 29} Accordingly, we find there is no indication the court lost its way or
otherwise created a manifest miscarriage of justice. The third assignment of error is
found not well-taken.
Conclusion
{¶ 30} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Norwalk Municipal Court is
affirmed. Appellant is ordered to pay the costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
9.