State v. Henley

774 S.W.2d 908, 1989 Tenn. LEXIS 129
CourtTennessee Supreme Court
DecidedApril 10, 1989
StatusPublished
Cited by94 cases

This text of 774 S.W.2d 908 (State v. Henley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Tennessee Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Henley, 774 S.W.2d 908, 1989 Tenn. LEXIS 129 (Tenn. 1989).

Opinions

OPINION

O’BRIEN, Justice.

Steve Henley and Terry Wayne Flatt were indicted by the Jackson County Grand Jury on two (2) counts of first degree murder, two (2) counts of felony murder, two (2) counts of armed robbery and one (1) count of aggravated arson. Flatt submitted guilty pleas on two (2) counts of second degree murder with an agreed sentence of twenty-five (25) years. He received ten (10) years on each of the robbery counts and seven (7) years for arson with all sentences to be served concurrently as a Range I standard offender. Henley was found guilty in a jury trial on two (2) counts of first degree murder and sentenced to death. He was convicted of aggravated arson and sentenced to twenty (20) years as a Range I standard offender. He was acquitted on two (2) counts of felony murder and two (2) counts of robbery.

A number of issues have been raised for review, mainly relating to the death penalty. In procedural sequence in the trial court the first matter complained of occurred in the innocence-guilt phase of the proceedings. Defendant insists it was error for the trial judge to permit cross-examination relative to a prior conviction in the absence of a court finding that its probative value outweighed its prejudicial effect in accordance with the rule established in State v. Morgan, 541 S.W.2d 385 (Tenn.1976). In Morgan this Court adopted Federal Rule of Evidence 609 which provides for impeachment by evidence of prior conviction of a crime for the purpose of attacking the credibility of a witness. Evidence that he has been convicted of a crime shall be admitted under criteria set out in the rule if the crime (1) was punishable by death or imprisonment in excess of one (1) year and the Court determines that the probative value of admitting this evidence outweighs its prejudicial effect to the defendant, or (2) involved dishonesty or false statement, regardless of the punishment. (Emphasis supplied).

Prior to cross-examination of defendant in this case the trial judge held a hearing out of the presence of the jury and determined that defendant had been convicted of a previous offense involving dishonesty which had occurred within the preceding ten (10) years. He allowed cross-examination to bring out .evidence of this prior conviction for the purpose of impeaching defendant’s credibility. The cross-examination was allowable under the Morgan rule and the issue is without merit.

We note that the Assistant District Attorney General who represented the State did not follow the requirements of Morgan in his cross-examination. In Morgan, p. 389, the Court specifically applied the following statement from Hendricks v. State, 162 Tenn. 563, 39 S.W.2d 580, 581 (1931), “The inquiry must be limited to the fact of a former conviction and of what crime, with the object only of affecting the credibility of the witness, not prejudicing the minds of the jury as to the guilt of the defendant witness of the crime for which he is on trial.” However, this defect in the cross-examination of defendant is not complained of here, did not accrue to the prejudice of the defendant and at most, was harmless error under the facts of this case. Cf. State v. McKay, 680 S.W.2d 447, 452 (Tenn.1984).

Complaint is made about closing argument on behalf of the State which is divided into several sub-issues, the first of which complains of a statement made by the Attorney General purportedly having the effect of personally vouching for the credibility of a witness.

The statement complained of refers to the testimony of the accomplice, Terry [911]*911Flatt. The District Attorney General in responding to argument by defense counsel commented, “I thought Flatt made one of the best witnesses I’ve ever seen.” The principal evidence against defendant was the testimony of Flatt. Defense counsel made a strong attack on this testimony, as he properly should have, endeavoring to show that Flatt had sold his testimony to the State in return for a minimal sentence on the charges against him. A lawyer should not assert his personal opinion as to the credibility of a witness, or as to the guilt or innocence of an accused. He may argue, on his analysis of the evidence. Code of Professional Responsibility, Canon 7, DR 7-106(C)(4), Trial Conduct. It is unprofessional conduct for a prosecutor in his argument to the jury to express his or her personal belief or opinion as to the truth or falsity of any testimony or evidence, or the guilt of a defendant. ABA Standards for Criminal Justice, The Prosecution Function, Standard 3-5.8. The reasons for such requirements are obvious, and are stated in the commentary to the foregoing standard. Expressions of personal opinion by the prosecutor are a form of unsworn, unchecked testimony and tend to exploit the influence of the prosecutor’s office and undermine the objective detachment that should separate a lawyer from the cause being argued. See Lackey v. State, 578 S.W.2d 101, 107 (Tenn.Cr.App. 1978). Certainly, any intentional effort to influence the members of a jury by expressions of personal opinion cannot be condoned. Taken in context the remark of the Attorney General was innocuous and fell far short of constituting prejudice to the defendant. We find any error to be harmless. T.R.A.P. 36(b); Tenn.R.Crim.P. 52(a). See State v. Coury, 697 S.W.2d 373, 377 (Tenn.Cr.App.1985).

The same is true of defendant’s complaint regarding the Attorney General’s argument on his reasons for negotiating a plea bargain agreement with Terry Flatt. The transcript clearly shows he was responding to defense counsel’s attack on the credibility of Terry Flatt to the effect that his testimony was the product of the plea bargain. It appears that State’s counsel may have been about to enter upon extraneous matters, not in evidence, concerning the plea bargain process. He was interrupted by the objection of defense counsel and he abandoned this line of argument. There could have been no prejudice to the defendant.

We also give short shrift to the complaint about the Attorney General’s remarks concerning the plea bargain agreement made with Flatt and the length of time he would serve in prison. These comments were in direct response to the defense argument in reference to the plea bargain negotiations in which it was said, inter alia, “apparently there was a lot of negotiations, and finally we’ve got, struck a deal, on being eligible to get out of the penitentiary in less than seven years. To stand here and tell you that that man doesn’t have a motive,” [to testify] ... The trial judge became engaged in the discussion when opposing counsel began arguing with each other instead of addressing the court as they properly should have done. The atmosphere was tense, the argument was improper on both sides. The effect was harmless and without prejudice to the defendant.

Two issues are raised pertaining to the State’s argument at the sentencing hearing. The first was a reference by the Attorney General to the fear in the eyes and the minds and the hearts of the homicide victims immediately prior to their deaths.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

State of Tennessee v. Gavin Allen Clark
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2025
Clay Stuart Gregory v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2025
Doyle Wayne Mason, Jr. v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2024
State of Tennessee v. Roosevelt Pitts, III
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2023
State of Tennessee v. Javier C. Perez
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2022
State of Tennessee v. James Theodore Menard, Alias
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2022
Corinio Pruitt v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2022
State of Tennessee v. Brandon Scott Donaldson
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2022
State of Tennessee v. Waynard Quartez Winbush
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2020
William Edward Arnold, Jr. v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2020
State of Tennessee v. Zackary James Earl Ponder
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2019
Bendale Romero v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2019
State of Tennessee v. Damarkus Lowe
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2018
State of Tennessee v. Courtney Fifer
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2017
Roderick McAlpin v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2017
Johnny L. Heitz v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2013
Jerry Ray Davidson v. State of Tennessee
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2013
State of Tennessee v. Tina M. Dixon
Court of Criminal Appeals of Tennessee, 2012
State of Tennessee v. Hubert Glenn Sexton
368 S.W.3d 371 (Tennessee Supreme Court, 2012)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
774 S.W.2d 908, 1989 Tenn. LEXIS 129, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-henley-tenn-1989.