State v. Harvey

12 So. 3d 496, 2008 La.App. 4 Cir. 0217, 2009 La. App. LEXIS 801, 2009 WL 1332344
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedMay 13, 2009
Docket2008-KA-0217
StatusPublished
Cited by19 cases

This text of 12 So. 3d 496 (State v. Harvey) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Harvey, 12 So. 3d 496, 2008 La.App. 4 Cir. 0217, 2009 La. App. LEXIS 801, 2009 WL 1332344 (La. Ct. App. 2009).

Opinions

ROLAND L. BELSOME, Judge.

|! A jury found Dwayne Harvey guilty of distribution of cocaine and possession with intent to distribute cocaine. As a second felony offender, Mr. Harvey was sentenced to serve sixty years at hard labor on count one and on count two he was sentenced to thirty years at hard labor. Mr. Harvey’s objections to the excessiveness of his sentences were denied. This appeal followed.

ERRORS PATENT

A review of the record fails to show that the district court restricted parole eligibility for the first two years of appellant’s sentences as required by La. R.S. 40:967 and La. R.S. 15:529.1. However, as per La. R.S. 15:301.1 A and State v. Williams, 2000-1725 (La.11/28/01), 800 So.2d 790, the sentence is deemed to have been imposed with the restriction, even in [498]*498the absence of the trial court’s failure to delineate the restriction. Thus, there is no need for this court to correct the sentence. See State v. Phillips, 2003-0304 (La.App. 4 Cir. 7/23/03), 853 So.2d 675.

STATEMENT OF FACTS

On May 5, 2005, Detective Sislo was conducting surveillance in the area of Mandeville and North Derbigny Streets. He was conducting surveillance in that [2area because he had received a citizen complaint regarding drug activity. In the 1600 block of Mandeville Street, the detective observed a group loitering in front of a residence; hence, he parked his vehicle so that he could watch the group’s activity. While watching, he observed that Mr. Harvey would step into the street anytime a car would come down Mandeville Street, and he would lean towards the car as if to make contact with the people inside. Based on the detective’s experience, he believed that Mr. Harvey was trying to solicit customers.

As the detective continued to monitor him, Mr. Harvey met with a pedestrian. Detective Sislo observed the pedestrian give him money. Mr. Harvey then walked to the side of the house where he removed an object from under the siding of the house. He manipulated the object and then placed the object back under the siding. He then returned to the pedestrian and gave a small object to the pedestrian, who left. Because Detective Sislo believed he had just witnessed a narcotics transaction, he notified other officers working with him that there was activity in the area. Those officers relocated to the area to assist Detective Sislo. Detective Sislo told the other officers that Mr. Harvey was wearing a red baseball cap, a white undershirt, and blue jeans.

After the other officers relocated, a second pedestrian approached. The second pedestrian was later identified as appellant’s codefendant, Mr. Gardner. Mr. Gardner handed money to Mr. Harvey. Mr. Harvey again went to the side of the house, retrieved the object, which this time Detective Sislo said looked like a bag. He removed something from the bag and gave it to Mr. Gardner, who placed it under the brim of his white baseball cap. Mr. Gardner left the area and was followed by Detectives Robinson and Dalfares to Elysian Fields Avenue where he was stopped and found in possession of cocaine. Once Mr. Gardner was arrested, | .¡Detective Sis-lo advised Detectives Roccaforte and Dal-fares to arrest Mr. Harvey for distribution of cocaine. Detective Sislo then directed Detective Roccaforte to his stash on the side of the house, and a bag containing sixteen pieces of what appeared to be crack cocaine was retrieved. A search incident to his arrest found that he was in possession of one five dollar bill and five one dollar bills. Detective Sislo testified that during the entire time that he watched Mr. Harvey, no one else went to the side of the house. Both sides stipulated that the substance found in the bag retrieved by Officer Roccaforte tested positive for cocaine.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

On appeal Mr. Harvey first argues that the district court abused its discretion by overruling defense counsel’s objections to the state’s rebuttal argument that inferred that the burden of proof shifted to the appellant.

During the prosecutor’s rebuttal, the following colloquy occurred:

State: Now, when he wants — going back to this issue about other people, why didn’t they question other people, why didn’t they question other people, well, Detective Roccaforte and Detective Sislo told you they had — they weren’t doing anything, they were just [499]*499there. So, what would they have to offer, why? Why question them?
And not only that, if the defendant was so concerned about hearing from them today, just like the State has access to Court to subpoena witnesses, he has that same access
Defense: Objection.
Court: I’ll overrule that.

In State v. Clark, 2001-2087 (La.App. 4 Cir. 9/25/02), 828 So.2d 1173, this court set forth the standard for determining whether a prosecutor’s remarks are so prejudicial as to warrant a new trial:

|4The scope of closing argument “shall be confined to evidence admitted, to the lack of evidence, to conclusions of fact that the state or defendant may draw therefrom, and to the law applicable to the case. The argument shall not appeal to prejudice. The state’s rebuttal shall be confined to answering the argument of the defendant.” Prosecutors may not resort to personal experience or turn argument into a plebiscite on crime. However, prosecutors have wide latitude in choosing closing argument tactics. Further, the trial judge has broad discretion in controlling the scope of closing arguments. Even if the prosecutor exceeds the bounds of proper argument, a reviewing court will not reverse a conviction unless “thoroughly convinced” that the argument influenced the jury and contributed to the verdict. Even where the prosecutor’s statements are improper, credit should be accorded to the good sense and fair mindedness of the jurors who have heard the evidence.

Id., p. 15, 828 So.2d at 1183. (citations omitted)

The state’s rebuttal argument was in response to defense counsel’s argument alluding to the fact that the state failed to subpoena other people who were on the street at the time of the arrest who allegedly could have solidified the evidence either for or against appellant. The state was entitled to answer the arguments of defendant. State v. Baudier, 2000-1108 (La.App. 4 Cir. 5/23/01), 789 So.2d 696; La.C.Cr.P. art. 774. However, we find that the state exceeded the bounds of proper argument and the district court abused its discretion by overruling the defense’s objection. Further, the district court, at that time, should have instructed the jury to disregard the remarks and informed them of the state’s burden of proof.

Mr. Harvey contends that the “generic burden of proof instruction” the jury ultimately receives is not sufficient to overcome the prejudice created by the comments. We disagree. Even though the statements inferring that the defendant had a burden to disprove the charges against him were improper, we are not | sthoroughly convinced that it contributed to the verdict. Therefore, we find the abuse of discretion on the part of the trial court was a harmless error.

Next, Mr. Harvey contends that the district court abused its discretion by denying appellant’s motion for new trial after his codefendant testified that appellant did not sell him cocaine.1

[500]*500In State v.

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State v. Harvey
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Bluebook (online)
12 So. 3d 496, 2008 La.App. 4 Cir. 0217, 2009 La. App. LEXIS 801, 2009 WL 1332344, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-harvey-lactapp-2009.