State v. Harp

2016 Ohio 4921

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: July 11, 2016
• Docket: CA2015-12-096
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as State v. Harp, 2016-Ohio-4921.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS

TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO

CLERMONT COUNTY

STATE OF OHIO, : CASE NO. CA2015-12-096 Plaintiff-Appellee, : OPINION : 7/11/2016 - vs - :

DONALD K. HARP, :

Defendant-Appellant. :

CRIMINAL APPEAL FROM CLERMONT COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS Case No. 2014CR0499

D. Vincent Faris, Clermont County Prosecuting Attorney, Nicholas Horton, 76 South Riverside Drive, 2nd Floor, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for plaintiff-appellee

W. Stephen Haynes, Clermont County Public Defender, Robert F. Benintendi, 302 East Main Street, Batavia, Ohio 45103, for defendant-appellant

S. POWELL, J.

{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Donald K. Harp, appeals from the decision of the

Clermont County Court of Common Pleas sentencing him to serve a mandatory term of 36

months in prison after he pled no contest to one count of illegal assembly or possession of

chemicals for the manufacture of methamphetamine. For the reasons outlined below, we

reverse and remand for the limited purpose of resentencing. Clermont CA2015-12-096

{¶ 2} On September 4, 2014, the Clermont County Grand Jury returned an indictment

charging Harp with one count of illegal assembly or possession of chemicals for the

manufacture of drugs in violation of R.C. 2925.041(A), a third-degree felony. According to

the bill of particulars, the charges stemmed from allegations that on January 4, 2014, Harp

was observed purchasing items commonly used in the manufacture of methamphetamine

from a Meijer store located in Milford, Clermont County, Ohio. Harp was later stopped by

Miami Township Police Department and found to be in possession of numerous items

necessary for the manufacture of methamphetamine. Harp admitted the same. It is

undisputed that Harp had previously been convicted of trafficking in marijuana in violation of

R.C. 2925.03(A)(1), a fourth-degree felony; possession of marijuana in violation of R.C.

2925.11(A), a third-degree felony; and illegal assembly or possession of chemicals for the

manufacture of methamphetamine in violation of R.C. 2925.041(A), also third-degree felony.

{¶ 3} On September 10, 2014, Harp entered a plea of not guilty. However, on

October 8, 2015, after the trial court decided a number of other issues not relevant to this

appeal, Harp withdrew his not guilty plea and entered a plea of no contest to the single

charged offense. After accepting Harp's no contest plea, the trial court found Harp guilty as

charged. The trial court then held a sentencing hearing and sentenced Harp to serve a

mandatory term of 36 months in prison. In so holding, the trial court stated that it was

required to impose a mandatory 36-month prison sentence in light of this court's decision in

State v. Young, 12th Dist. Warren No. CA2014-05-074, 2015-Ohio-1347, a decision that

addressed a similarly situated defendant found guilty of illegal assembly or possession of

chemicals for the manufacture of methamphetamine.

{¶ 4} Harp now appeals from the trial court's decision, raising a single assignment of

error for review.

{¶ 5} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN IMPOSING A 36-MONTH PRISON TERM. -2- Clermont CA2015-12-096

{¶ 6} In his single assignment of error, Harp argues the trial court misinterpreted our

decision in Young and improperly determined that it was required to sentence him to a

mandatory term of 36 months in prison. We agree.

{¶ 7} As with all felony sentences, we review this sentence under the standard of

review set forth in R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). State v. Crawford, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-

12-088, 2013-Ohio-3315, ¶ 6. Pursuant to that statute, an appellate court does not review

the sentencing court's decision for an abuse of discretion. State v. Marcum, Slip Opinion No.

2016-Ohio-1002, ¶ 10. Rather, R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) compels an appellate court to modify or

vacate a sentence only if the appellate court finds by clear and convincing evidence that "the

record does not support the trial court's findings under relevant statutes or that the sentence

is otherwise contrary to law." Id. at ¶ 1. A sentence is not clearly and convincingly contrary

to law where trial court "considers the principles and purposes of R.C. 2929.11, as well as the

factors listed in R.C. 2929.12, properly imposes postrelease control, and sentences the

defendant within the permissible statutory range." State v. Ahlers, 12th Dist. Butler No.

CA2015-06-100, 2016-Ohio-2890, ¶ 8.

{¶ 8} Moreover, even in those cases where the sentence imposed does not require

any of the statutory findings specifically addressed within R.C. 2953.08(G)(2), an appellate

court will review those sentences "under a standard that is equally deferential to the

sentencing court." Marcum at ¶ 23. "That is, an appellate court may vacate or modify any

sentence that is not clearly and convincingly contrary to law only if the appellate court finds

by clear and convincing evidence that the record does not support the sentence." Id. Thus,

this court may "increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence only when it clearly and

convincingly finds that the sentence is (1) contrary to law or (2) unsupported by the record."

State v. Brandenburg, Slip Opinion No. 2016-Ohio-2970, ¶ 1, citing Id. at ¶ 7.

{¶ 9} As noted above, in Young this court addressed the available sentences the trial -3- Clermont CA2015-12-096

court could impose for a similarly situated defendant found guilty of illegal assembly or

possession of chemicals for the manufacture of methamphetamine. Specifically, this court

addressed appellant's argument that the trial court erred "in sentencing him to 60 months in

prison under R.C. 2925.041(C)(1), and not to 36 months in prison under R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)."

In determining the trial court so erred, this court initially stated:

R.C. 2929.14(A)(3), which governs prison terms for third-degree felonies, states:

(a) For a felony of the third degree that is a violation of [R.C.] 2903.06, 2903.08, 2907.03, 2907.04, or 2907.05 or that is a violation of [R.C.] 2911.02 or 2911.12 if the offender previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty in two or more separate proceedings to two or more violations of [R.C.] 2911.01, 2911.02, 2911.11, or 2911.12, the prison term shall be twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, thirty, thirty-six, forty-two, forty-eight, fifty-four, or sixty months.

(b) For a felony of the third degree that is not an offense for which division (A)(3)(a) of this section applies, the prison term shall be nine, twelve, eighteen, twenty-four, thirty, or thirty-six months.

The statutory provisions listed in R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a) refer to certain vehicular offenses, certain sexual offenses, and robbery and burglary. Importantly, illegal assembly of chemicals for the manufacture of drugs in not an offense listed in R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a). Thus, pursuant to R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a) and (b), appellant's maximum sentence for violating R.C. 2925.041 would be 36 months in prison.

R.C. 2925.041 governs illegal assembly of chemicals for the manufacture of drugs and states, in relevant part:

(C) Whoever violates this section is guilty of illegal assembly or possession of chemicals for the manufacture of drugs. Except as otherwise provided in this division, illegal assembly or possession of chemicals for the manufacture of drugs is a felony of the third degree, and * * * the court shall impose a mandatory prison term * * * as follows:

-4- Clermont CA2015-12-096

(1) Except as otherwise provided in this division, there is a presumption for a prison term for the offense. * * * If the offender two or more times previously has been convicted of or pleaded guilty to a felony drug abuse offense and if at least one of those previous convictions or guilty pleas was to a violation of division (A) of this section, a violation of [R.C.] 2919.22(B)(6), or a violation of [R.C.] 2925.04(A), the court shall impose as a mandatory prison term one of the prison terms prescribed for a felony of the third degree that is not less than five years.

The record shows that appellant was previously convicted of "illegal manufacture of drugs, aggravated possession of drugs" and has a prior conviction for illegal assembly of chemicals for the manufacture of drugs under R.C. 2925.041(A). As a result, pursuant to R.C. 2925.041(C)(1), appellant's mandatory sentence for violating R.C. 2925.041 would be 60 months (5 years) in prison.

Young, 2015-Ohio-1347 at ¶ 38-41.

{¶ 10} This court then went on to state:

R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) sets forth a specific sentencing scheme for third-degree felonies involving felony drug abuse offenses and is thus specific, rather than general, in nature. Likewise, R.C. 2929.14(A)(3), which sets forth a specific, two-tiered sentencing scheme for third-degree felonies, is specific, rather than general, in nature. The two statutes are clearly in conflict since the maximum sentence authorized for a third-degree felony drug offense under R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) is 60 months, while the maximum sentence allowed for third-degree felonies, other than those listed in R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a), is 36 months. Yet, R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) also incorporates by reference R.C. 2929.14 when the former states, "the court shall impose as a mandatory prison term one of the prison terms prescribed for a felony of the third degree * * *."

(Internal citations omitted.) Id. at ¶ 46.

{¶ 11} Concluding, this court determined:

[W]e find that appellant should have been sentenced under R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b), and not under R.C. 2925.041(C)(1). The trial court's decision to sentence appellant to 60 months in prison under R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) is therefore clearly and convincingly contrary to law and appellant's sentence must be vacated. See -5- Clermont CA2015-12-096

R.C. 2953.08(G)(2). On remand, the trial court should exercise its discretion in resentencing appellant to one of the prison terms set forth in R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b) up to 36 months in prison.

Id. at ¶ 49.

{¶ 12} Relying on our decision in Young, and because it was undisputed Harp had at

least two previous convictions for felony drug abuse offenses with at least one of those

convictions being a violation of R.C. 2925.041(A) for the illegal assembly or possession of

chemicals for the manufacture of methamphetamine, the trial court concluded that it was

required to sentence Harp to a mandatory term of 36 months in prison. However, this is a

misinterpretation of our holding in Young, for our decision states that under these exact

circumstances the trial court may "exercise its discretion" in sentencing a defendant to one of

the prison terms set forth in R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(b) "up to 36 months in prison." (Emphasis

added.) Id. Therefore, due to the trial court's misinterpretation of our decision in Young,

Harp's claim that the trial court erred by finding it was required to sentence him to a

mandatory 36-month prison term has merit and is sustained.

{¶ 13} Although agreeing the trial court "erroneously stated that Young required it to

sentence [Harp] to a mandatory three year prison sentence," the state nevertheless argues

that the trial court's decision sentencing Harp to a mandatory 36-month prison term should be

upheld since the General Assembly's clear intent in passing R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) was to

"impose the maximum mandatory sentence statutorily allowable on those such offenders

when the offenses was a felony of the third degree[.]" However, the state's argument ignores

the principles espoused through the rule of lenity. The rule of lenity, as codified by R.C.

2901.04(A), applies where there is an ambiguity in a statute or a conflict between statutes.

Young, 2015-Ohio-1347 at ¶ 48, citing State v. Sheets, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2006-04-

032, 2007-Ohio-1799, ¶ 29. Specifically, R.C. 2901.04(A) provides in pertinent part that

"sections of the Revised Code defining offenses or penalties shall be strictly construed -6- Clermont CA2015-12-096

against the state, and liberally construed in favor of the accused." Under this rule, "a court

will not interpret a criminal statute so as to increase the penalty it imposes on a defendant

where the intended scope of the statute is ambiguous." Sheets at ¶ 28.

{¶ 14} Based on our decision in Young, it is clear that we found a conflict exists

between these two disputed statutes. Again, as this court specifically stated in Young:

The two statutes are clearly in conflict since the maximum sentence authorized for a third-degree felony drug offense under R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) is 60 months, while the maximum sentence allowed for third-degree felonies, other than those listed in R.C. 2929.14(A)(3)(a), is 36 months. Yet, R.C. 2925.041(C)(1) also incorporates by reference R.C. 2929.14 when the former states, "the court shall impose as a mandatory prison term one of the prison terms prescribed for a felony of the third degree * * *."

Id. at ¶ 46.

{¶ 15} Therefore, because the General Assembly has yet to amend either statute so

as to resolve this conflict, we find it necessary to once again apply the rule of lenity to the

case at bar and maintain the status quo within this district by following our prior precedent set

forth in Young. In so holding, we find the fact that the trial court may ultimately impose the

same sentence upon remand is immaterial. Nor do we find any merit to the fact that the trial

court indicated it would "probably" still sentence Harp to a mandatory term of 36 months in

prison, given the fact that the trial court was working under a faulty interpretation of the law

as laid out by this court in Young. Accordingly, the trial court's decision to sentence Harp to a

mandatory term of 36 months in prison is reversed and this matter is remanded for the limited

purpose of resentencing in conformance with this opinion and that of our prior decision in

Young.

{¶ 16} Judgment reversed and remanded.

M. POWELL, P.J., and PIPER, J., concur.

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