[Cite as State v. Hahn, 2016-Ohio-7585.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 28079
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE RICHARD HAHN AKRON MUNICIPAL COURT COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 2015 TRC 3905
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: November 2, 2016
SCHAFER, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Richard Hahn, appeals the judgment of the Akron
Municipal Court, denying his motion to suppress. We affirm.
I.
{¶2} On March 8, 2015, at approximately 12:55 a.m., Officer Daniel Rafferty of the
Springfield Township Police Department observed a white Chevrolet Cobalt leave a bar and
travel southbound on South Arlington Road. Officer Rafferty subsequently observed the vehicle
driving “outside [of its] marked lane of travel multiple times” before ultimately attempting to
make an illegal left-hand turn into a Walmart parking lot. Once the driver of the vehicle in
question attempted to make the illegal left-hand turn, Officer Rafferty activated the overhead
lights of his cruiser and effectuated a traffic stop.
{¶3} Upon establishing contact with the driver of the stopped vehicle, Officer Rafferty
observed that the driver, later identified as Hahn, “had very glassy, bloodshot eyes.” Officer 2
Rafferty also smelled the odor of an alcoholic beverage emanating from within the vehicle and
observed that Hahn’s actions appeared to be very slow and delayed. Specifically, Officer
Rafferty noted that Hahn had great difficulty locating and handing over his driver’s license.
Officer Rafferty subsequently asked Hahn to exit from the vehicle in order to perform standard
field sobriety tests. However, Hahn refused to take the field sobriety tests. After providing
Hahn with numerous opportunities to take the field sobriety tests, Officer Rafferty elected to
place Hahn under arrest. Hahn also refused to submit to a breath, blood, or urine test at the
police station.
{¶4} Hahn was subsequently charged with two counts of operating a motor vehicle
while under the influence (“OVI”) in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a) and R.C.
4511.19(A)(2), one count of failing to wear a seatbelt in violation of R.C. 4513.263(B)(1), and
failure to drive within marked lanes in violation of R.C. 4511.33. Hahn initially pleaded not
guilty to the charges. Hahn thereafter filed a motion to suppress on the basis that the traffic stop
was illegal because Officer Rafferty lacked reasonable suspicion that he had committed a traffic
violation. The trial court ultimately denied Hahn’s suppression motion following a hearing on
the matter. On November 13, 2015, Hahn withdrew his not guilty pleas and pleaded no contest
to OVI in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a). The trial court accepted Hahn’s no contest plea
and found him guilty of the offense. In exchange for pleading no contest to the OVI count, the
remaining counts against Hahn were dismissed. The trial court subsequently sentenced Hahn,
but stayed the imposition of sentence pending appeal.
{¶5} Hahn filed this timely appeal and raises two assignments of error for this Court’s
review. As both assignments of error implicate similar issues, we elect to address them together. 3
II.
Assignment of Error I
The trial court erred as a matter of fact when it found the defendant traveled across marked lanes multiple times[] and attempted to make an illegal left turn.
Assignment of Error II
The trial court incorrectly decided the ultimate or final issue raised in the motion to suppress.
{¶6} In his first and second assignments of error, Hahn argues that the trial court erred
by denying his motion to suppress because Officer Rafferty lacked a reasonable articulable
suspicion that he had committed a traffic violation, thus rendering the traffic stop illegal.
Specifically, Hahn contends that the trial court’s factual findings that he committed marked-lane
violations and attempted to make an illegal left-hand turn are against the manifest weight of the
evidence since the findings are directly belied by the video footage taken from Officer Rafferty’s
cruiser. We disagree.
{¶7} A motion to suppress evidence presents a mixed question of law and fact. State v.
Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003–Ohio–5372, ¶ 8. “When considering a motion to suppress,
the trial court assumes the role of trier of fact and is therefore in the best position to resolve
factual questions and evaluate the credibility of witnesses.” Id., citing State v. Mills, 62 Ohio
St.3d 357, 366 (1992). Thus, a reviewing court “must accept the trial court’s findings of fact if
they are supported by competent, credible evidence.” Id. at ¶ 8. “Accepting these facts as true,
the appellate court must then independently determine, without deference to the conclusion of
the trial court, whether the facts satisfy the applicable legal standard.” Id., citing State v.
McNamara, 124 Ohio App.3d 706 (4th Dist.1997). 4
{¶8} The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as applied to the states
through the Fourteenth Amendment, and Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution protect
individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court of the United States
established the basic standard for reviewing the propriety of a traffic stop through its holdings in
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), and Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979). Under the
standard articulated in these cases, “a law enforcement officer may stop a vehicle when the
officer has a reasonable suspicion, based on specific and articulable facts, that an occupant is or
has been engaged in criminal activity.” State v. Epling, 105 Ohio App.3d 663, 664 (9th
Dist.1995). “Reasonable suspicion is something less than probable cause.” Id., citing State v.
VanScoder, 92 Ohio App.3d 853, 855 (9th Dist.1994). In addition, when “analyzing whether
reasonable suspicion existed, this Court looks to the facts available to the officer at the moment
of the seizure or the search and considers whether those facts would warrant a man of reasonable
caution in the belief that the action taken was appropriate.” (Internal citations and quotations
omitted.) State v. Blair, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24208, 2008-Ohio-6257, ¶ 5. Reasonable
suspicion is based on the totality of the circumstances. See United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S.
411, 417–418 (1981). Finally, any violation of the traffic law provides the reasonable suspicion
required for an officer to make an investigatory stop. State v. Johnson, 9th Dist. Medina No.
03CA0127-M, 2004-Ohio-3409, ¶ 11, citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996); State
v. Wilhelm, 81 Ohio St.3d 444 (1998); Dayton v. Erickson, 76 Ohio St.3d 3 (1996); see also State
v. Barbee, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 07CA009183, 2008-Ohio-3587, ¶ 9.
{¶9} In this case, the trial court concluded that the traffic stop of Hahn’s vehicle was
constitutional. In reaching this conclusion, the trial court found that Officer Rafferty’s testimony
about witnessing Hahn commit marked-lane violations and attempt to make an illegal left-hand 5
turn was credible. As such, the trial court determined that, under the totality of the
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[Cite as State v. Hahn, 2016-Ohio-7585.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 28079
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE RICHARD HAHN AKRON MUNICIPAL COURT COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 2015 TRC 3905
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: November 2, 2016
SCHAFER, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Richard Hahn, appeals the judgment of the Akron
Municipal Court, denying his motion to suppress. We affirm.
I.
{¶2} On March 8, 2015, at approximately 12:55 a.m., Officer Daniel Rafferty of the
Springfield Township Police Department observed a white Chevrolet Cobalt leave a bar and
travel southbound on South Arlington Road. Officer Rafferty subsequently observed the vehicle
driving “outside [of its] marked lane of travel multiple times” before ultimately attempting to
make an illegal left-hand turn into a Walmart parking lot. Once the driver of the vehicle in
question attempted to make the illegal left-hand turn, Officer Rafferty activated the overhead
lights of his cruiser and effectuated a traffic stop.
{¶3} Upon establishing contact with the driver of the stopped vehicle, Officer Rafferty
observed that the driver, later identified as Hahn, “had very glassy, bloodshot eyes.” Officer 2
Rafferty also smelled the odor of an alcoholic beverage emanating from within the vehicle and
observed that Hahn’s actions appeared to be very slow and delayed. Specifically, Officer
Rafferty noted that Hahn had great difficulty locating and handing over his driver’s license.
Officer Rafferty subsequently asked Hahn to exit from the vehicle in order to perform standard
field sobriety tests. However, Hahn refused to take the field sobriety tests. After providing
Hahn with numerous opportunities to take the field sobriety tests, Officer Rafferty elected to
place Hahn under arrest. Hahn also refused to submit to a breath, blood, or urine test at the
police station.
{¶4} Hahn was subsequently charged with two counts of operating a motor vehicle
while under the influence (“OVI”) in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a) and R.C.
4511.19(A)(2), one count of failing to wear a seatbelt in violation of R.C. 4513.263(B)(1), and
failure to drive within marked lanes in violation of R.C. 4511.33. Hahn initially pleaded not
guilty to the charges. Hahn thereafter filed a motion to suppress on the basis that the traffic stop
was illegal because Officer Rafferty lacked reasonable suspicion that he had committed a traffic
violation. The trial court ultimately denied Hahn’s suppression motion following a hearing on
the matter. On November 13, 2015, Hahn withdrew his not guilty pleas and pleaded no contest
to OVI in violation of R.C. 4511.19(A)(1)(a). The trial court accepted Hahn’s no contest plea
and found him guilty of the offense. In exchange for pleading no contest to the OVI count, the
remaining counts against Hahn were dismissed. The trial court subsequently sentenced Hahn,
but stayed the imposition of sentence pending appeal.
{¶5} Hahn filed this timely appeal and raises two assignments of error for this Court’s
review. As both assignments of error implicate similar issues, we elect to address them together. 3
II.
Assignment of Error I
The trial court erred as a matter of fact when it found the defendant traveled across marked lanes multiple times[] and attempted to make an illegal left turn.
Assignment of Error II
The trial court incorrectly decided the ultimate or final issue raised in the motion to suppress.
{¶6} In his first and second assignments of error, Hahn argues that the trial court erred
by denying his motion to suppress because Officer Rafferty lacked a reasonable articulable
suspicion that he had committed a traffic violation, thus rendering the traffic stop illegal.
Specifically, Hahn contends that the trial court’s factual findings that he committed marked-lane
violations and attempted to make an illegal left-hand turn are against the manifest weight of the
evidence since the findings are directly belied by the video footage taken from Officer Rafferty’s
cruiser. We disagree.
{¶7} A motion to suppress evidence presents a mixed question of law and fact. State v.
Burnside, 100 Ohio St.3d 152, 2003–Ohio–5372, ¶ 8. “When considering a motion to suppress,
the trial court assumes the role of trier of fact and is therefore in the best position to resolve
factual questions and evaluate the credibility of witnesses.” Id., citing State v. Mills, 62 Ohio
St.3d 357, 366 (1992). Thus, a reviewing court “must accept the trial court’s findings of fact if
they are supported by competent, credible evidence.” Id. at ¶ 8. “Accepting these facts as true,
the appellate court must then independently determine, without deference to the conclusion of
the trial court, whether the facts satisfy the applicable legal standard.” Id., citing State v.
McNamara, 124 Ohio App.3d 706 (4th Dist.1997). 4
{¶8} The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as applied to the states
through the Fourteenth Amendment, and Article I, Section 10 of the Ohio Constitution protect
individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures. The Supreme Court of the United States
established the basic standard for reviewing the propriety of a traffic stop through its holdings in
Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968), and Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648 (1979). Under the
standard articulated in these cases, “a law enforcement officer may stop a vehicle when the
officer has a reasonable suspicion, based on specific and articulable facts, that an occupant is or
has been engaged in criminal activity.” State v. Epling, 105 Ohio App.3d 663, 664 (9th
Dist.1995). “Reasonable suspicion is something less than probable cause.” Id., citing State v.
VanScoder, 92 Ohio App.3d 853, 855 (9th Dist.1994). In addition, when “analyzing whether
reasonable suspicion existed, this Court looks to the facts available to the officer at the moment
of the seizure or the search and considers whether those facts would warrant a man of reasonable
caution in the belief that the action taken was appropriate.” (Internal citations and quotations
omitted.) State v. Blair, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24208, 2008-Ohio-6257, ¶ 5. Reasonable
suspicion is based on the totality of the circumstances. See United States v. Cortez, 449 U.S.
411, 417–418 (1981). Finally, any violation of the traffic law provides the reasonable suspicion
required for an officer to make an investigatory stop. State v. Johnson, 9th Dist. Medina No.
03CA0127-M, 2004-Ohio-3409, ¶ 11, citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (1996); State
v. Wilhelm, 81 Ohio St.3d 444 (1998); Dayton v. Erickson, 76 Ohio St.3d 3 (1996); see also State
v. Barbee, 9th Dist. Lorain No. 07CA009183, 2008-Ohio-3587, ¶ 9.
{¶9} In this case, the trial court concluded that the traffic stop of Hahn’s vehicle was
constitutional. In reaching this conclusion, the trial court found that Officer Rafferty’s testimony
about witnessing Hahn commit marked-lane violations and attempt to make an illegal left-hand 5
turn was credible. As such, the trial court determined that, under the totality of the
circumstances, Officer Rafferty had reasonable suspicion to initiate a traffic stop of Hahn’s
vehicle.
{¶10} Hahn argues that Officer Rafferty’s testimony at the suppression hearing
regarding his alleged traffic violations was not credible because the video footage taken from the
police cruiser does not appear to show him committing any marked-lane violations. Hahn also
contends that the cruiser’s video footage clearly depicts him attempting to make an illegal left-
hand turn only after Officer Rafferty had already activated the overhead lights of his cruiser and
commenced the traffic stop. However, assuming arguendo that the video footage does not depict
Hahn committing any traffic violations, Officer Rafferty testified at the suppression hearing that
his cruiser’s video camera only starts recording footage once the cruiser’s overhead lights are
activated. The camera also saves all footage taken one minute immediately prior to the cruiser’s
overhead lights being activated. Officer Rafferty also explicitly testified that he followed Hahn’s
vehicle on South Arlington Road for “probably 45 seconds to a minute” before the cruiser’s
video camera started saving footage. Officer Rafferty further testified that he personally
observed Hahn commit marked-lane violations during the brief time that was not saved by the
video camera. Although Hahn attempted to demonstrate on cross-examination that Officer
Rafferty’s testimony concerning the alleged traffic violations was not credible, we must defer to
the trial court’s credibility determinations and consideration of the weight of the evidence. See
State v. Mills, 62 Ohio St.3d 357, 366 (1992) (“At a suppression hearing, the evaluation of
evidence and the credibility of witnesses are issues for the trier of fact.”), citing State v. Fanning,
1 Ohio St.3d 19, 20 (1982). 6
{¶11} In light of the totality of the circumstances before the trial court, we cannot say
that the trial court erred in concluding that Officer Rafferty had a reasonable articulable
suspicion of criminal activity such that the traffic stop of Hahn’s vehicle on the night in question
was legally justified. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court did not err by denying Hahn’s
motion to suppress.
{¶12} Hahn’s first and second assignments of error are overruled.
III.
{¶13} With both of Hahn’s assignments of error having been overruled, the judgment of
the Akron Municipal Court is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Akron Municipal
Court, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30. 7
Costs taxed to Appellant.
JULIE A. SCHAFER FOR THE COURT
WHITMORE, P. J. HENSAL, J. CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
CHARLES W. OLMINSKY, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
EVE V. BELFANCE, Director of Law, and BRIAN D. BREMER, Assistant Director of Law, for Appellee.