[Cite as State v. Griffin, 2019-Ohio-37.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
STATE OF OHIO C.A. No. 28829
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE SAMSON GRIFFIN COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. CR-2016-08-2868
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 9, 2019
TEODOSIO, Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Samson Griffin, appeals from his burglary conviction in the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas. This Court affirms.
I.
{¶2} The Blick Clinic operates dozens of residential group homes in the Akron area for
individuals with developmental disabilities. Mr. Griffin previously worked for the Blick Clinic
as a direct care staff member in 2013 and 2014, assisting residents with various issues in their
homes. On August 15, 2016, a 42” Sanyo television was stolen from an autistic resident’s room
in the group home on Eastlawn Avenue in Akron.
{¶3} According to a father and son team who were painting the interior of the Eastlawn
group home that day, they encountered Mr. Griffin inside of the home. They saw Mr. Griffin
attempting to open a locked medicine cabinet in the kitchen, and Mr. Griffin told them he was
“taking inventory.” The son later went outside to retrieve a tool from his father’s truck, and 2
when he re-entered the home he passed by Mr. Griffin, who was exiting the home with a large,
flat-screen television under his arm. The two men exchanged pleasantries and Mr. Griffin left.
{¶4} According to the human resources director of the Blick Clinic, Mr. Griffin called
the executive director of the Blick Clinic that same afternoon to say he heard that he was being
accused of stealing a television, but the allegation was untrue. The executive director spoke with
Mr. Griffin while on speakerphone, specifically so the human resources director could listen to
and witness the conversation.
{¶5} Four separate thefts had occurred in Blick group homes around that time, and the
police began an investigation. They discovered that Mr. Griffin had pawned five different
televisions in the past several weeks, although they were unable to locate the stolen 42” Sanyo.
The father-painter identified Mr. Griffin in a photo array as the man he saw at the Eastlawn home
with 90 percent certainty, but the son was unable to make a positive identification in the photo
array. A Snapchat video of Mr. Griffin was also introduced at trial, in which he is in a vehicle
wearing clothes matching the description provided by the son, and in which a television can be
seen in the back seat. GPS evidence also placed Mr. Griffin’s phone in the vicinity of Eastlawn
Avenue around the time of the theft, and cell phone records indicated that a call was made to
National Jewelry and Pawn (“National”) from Mr. Griffin’s cell phone that morning. Mr. Griffin
denied entering the group home on that day and denied stealing the television, and instead told
police that he was with his wife that afternoon. His wife’s employer testified and presented
documentation as to Mr. Griffin’s wife’s work schedule that day.
{¶6} Additional evidence was introduced at trial that Mr. Griffin had visited another
Blick Clinic group home on Winhurst Drive three days prior to the Eastlawn theft. According to
a staff member who was working that day, Mr. Griffin arrived, introduced himself using a 3
different name, and asked to speak to a resident named Chris, but she informed him that no one
by that name lived there. Mr. Griffin left, but returned shortly thereafter and asked to speak to a
different resident named Kenny, who was in fact present in the home. After the staff member
allowed Mr. Griffin to speak to Kenny, Mr. Griffin told the staff member that he was also
supposed to be meeting Tonya there to “help her do something,” but she informed him that
Tonya no longer worked there. Mr. Griffin was sweating and he went downstairs alone to use
the restroom—where additional doors to the house that could be unlocked from the inside were
located—before he ultimately returned upstairs and left the home. Another resident who
returned to the Winhurst home later that day discovered that his television had been stolen.
According to the staff member, the name Mr. Griffin provided did not sit well with her and she
believed that she already knew him through mutual friends. She later realized she had gone to
middle school with Mr. Griffin’s ex-wife, and she was friends with both Mr. Griffin and his ex-
wife on Facebook.
{¶7} Mr. Griffin was indicted on one count of burglary, a felony of the second degree,
for the incident at the Eastlawn home. He filed a motion to suppress the results of the pretrial
identification, but withdrew his motion prior to a hearing. After a jury trial, Mr. Griffin was
found guilty, and the trial court sentenced him to two years in prison.
{¶8} Mr. Griffin now appeals from his conviction and raises four assignments of error
for this Court’s review.
{¶9} For ease of analysis, we will consolidate and reorganize Mr. Griffin’s assignments
of error. 4
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR ONE
TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE IN FAILING TO OBJECT TO THE ADMISSION OF HEARSAY EVIDENCE.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR TWO
TRIAL COUNSEL’S FAILURE TO OBJECT TO THE ADMIISSION (SIC) OF EVIDENCE OF SAMSON’S PAWNING OF NUMEROUS TELEVISIONS CONSTITUTED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR FOUR
TRIAL COUNSEL WAS INEFFECTIVE IN FAILING TO MOVE TO SUPPRESS THE IDENTIFICATION OF SAMSON
{¶10} In his first and second assignments of error, Mr. Griffin argues that his trial
counsel was ineffective for failing to object to the admission of testimony and the pawn shop’s
business records identifying Mr. Griffin as having pawned five televisions between June 28,
2016, and August 15, 2016, because (1) the evidence was hearsay, and (2) the probative value of
the records was outweighed by their prejudicial effect. In his fourth assignment of error, Mr.
Griffin argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for withdrawing his motion to suppress the
photo array as unduly suggestive. We disagree with all three propositions.
{¶11} We first note that “in Ohio, a properly licensed attorney is presumed competent.”
State v. Gondor, 112 Ohio St.3d 377, 2006-Ohio-6679, ¶ 62. “There are countless ways to
provide effective assistance in any given case. Even the best criminal defense attorneys would
not defend a particular client in the same way.” Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 689
(1984). Moreover, debatable trial tactics will not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel.
State v. Clayton, 62 Ohio St.2d 45, 49 (1980). To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, one
must establish that: (1) his counsel’s performance was deficient, and (2) the deficient 5
performance prejudiced the defense. Strickland at 687. Counsel’s performance is deficient if it
falls below an objective standard of reasonable representation. State v. Bradley, 42 Ohio St.3d
136 (1989), paragraph two of the syllabus. Prejudice can be shown by proving “there exists a
reasonable probability that, were it not for counsel’s errors, the result of the trial would have
been different.” Id. at paragraph three of the syllabus. “[T]he Court need not address both
Strickland prongs if an appellant fails to prove either one.” State v. Lortz, 9th Dist. Summit No.
23762, 2008-Ohio-3108, ¶ 34.
Hearsay and the Business Records Exception
{¶12} Mr. Griffin first argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to
the admission of testimony and records—demonstrating that Mr. Griffin had recently pawned
five televisions—as hearsay because the proper foundation was not laid, as the witness testified
regarding records that were retained but not produced by his business. See Monroe v. Steen, 9th
Dist. Summit No. 24342, 2009-Ohio-5163, ¶ 14 (“A witness who merely receives and retains
records produced by another business does not necessarily have a ‘working knowledge of the
specific record-keeping system that produced the document.’”).
{¶13} Hearsay is defined as “a statement, other than one made by the declarant while
testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted” and
is generally inadmissible unless it falls within a recognized exception. Evid.R. 801(C) and 802.
Evid.R. 803(6) sets forth an exception to the hearsay rule for business records of regularly
conducted activity:
A memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, in any form, of acts, events, or conditions, made at or near the time by, or from information transmitted by, a person with knowledge, if kept in the course of a regularly conducted business activity, and if it was the regular practice of that business activity to make the memorandum, report, record, or data compilation, all as shown by the testimony of the custodian or other qualified witness or as provided by Rule 901(B)(10), 6
unless the source of information or the method or circumstances of preparation indicate lack of trustworthiness. The term “business” as used in this paragraph includes business, institution, association, profession, occupation, and calling of every kind, whether or not conducted for profit.
{¶14} The director of operations in Ohio for National Jewelry and Pawn (“National”)
testified as to his extensive training and experience within the pawn industry, including his
distinction as one of only 48 people in the world who is “certified to say what’s known as a
professional pawnbroker, which is about 100 hours of certification * * * [from] operations to
identification of items in pawnshops.” His testimony established that it is the regular practice of
the pawn business to require customers to provide photo identification, and all of the relevant
information regarding their transaction is electronically recorded in the pawn shop’s point-of-
sale software and kept in the ordinary course of business. That same information is then
automatically transferred into the LeadsOnline database, whereby law enforcement is afforded
access to daily reports on all transactions. The director’s testimony established that the specific
records of Mr. Griffin’s transactions—pawning five televisions at Pawn Brokers of America
(“Pawn Brokers”) between June 28, 2016, and August 15, 2016—were created and entered into
the system by several different clerks who had actual knowledge of the individual transactions.
{¶15} Mr. Griffin’s argument that the proper foundation was not laid because National
retained but did not actually produce the records lacks merit.
When laying a foundation, “the testifying witness must possess a working knowledge of the specific record-keeping system that produced the document.” [State v. Davis, 62 Ohio St.3d 326, 342 (1991)].
The witness whose testimony establishes the foundation for a business record need not have personal knowledge of the exact circumstances of preparation and production of the document. Evid.R. 803(6). However, the witness must “demonstrate that he or she is sufficiently familiar with the operation of the business and with the circumstances of the preparation, maintenance, and retrieval of the record in order to reasonably testify on the basis of this knowledge that the record is what it purports to be, and was made in the ordinary course of business.” 7
[Keeva J. Kekst Architects, Inc. v. George Dev. Group, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 70835, 1997 WL 253171, *5 (May 15, 1997), citing WUPW TV-36 v. Direct Results Marketing, Inc., 70 Ohio App.3d 710, 714-715 (10th Dist.1990)].
State v. Baker, 9th Dist. Summit No. 21414, 2003-Ohio-4637, ¶ 10-11. Here, the director
testified that National acquired the assets of Pawn Brokers in November of 2016 and re-opened
the business at the same location, maintaining the same phone number, only now under the
control of National. The director’s testimony established his working knowledge of the point-of-
sale software utilized by National and Pawn Brokers. Although the director did not physically
conduct the pawn transactions with Mr. Griffin, and he did not specifically refer to himself as the
“custodian” of the records, he was surely at least an “other qualified witness” within the meaning
of Evid.R. 803(6), enabling him to lay a foundation establishing the evidence as business
records. See State v. Rich, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27356, 2018-Ohio-1225, ¶ 18; State v.
Hood, 135 Ohio St.3d 137, 2012-Ohio-6208, ¶ 40 (“A ‘qualified witness’ for this purpose would
be someone with ‘enough familiarity with the record-keeping system of the business in question
to explain how the record came into existence in the ordinary course of business.’”).
{¶16} Defense counsel never objected at trial to the director’s testimony or to the
introduction of the business records. However, as a matter of law, the failure to object at trial
may be justified as a trial tactic and thus does not sustain a claim of ineffective assistance of
counsel. State v. Miller, 9th Dist. Summit No. 23240, 2007-Ohio-370, ¶ 10, citing State v.
Gumm, 73 Ohio St.3d 413, 428 (1995). “Strategic trial decisions are left to the deference of trial
counsel and are not to be second-guessed by appellate courts.” Id., citing State v. Carter, 72
Ohio St.3d 545, 558 (1995). The record here indicates that the director’s testimony laid a
sufficient foundation for the admission of the business records into evidence, and counsel’s
decision not to object was conceivably a strategic trial tactic, as any objection on the basis of 8
hearsay may have been presumed futile by counsel. Even assuming arguendo that counsel
should have objected to the director’s testimony or the records, we would nonetheless conclude
that the failure to do so did not affect the outcome of the trial in light of the overwhelming
evidence introduced against Mr. Griffin in this case. See State v. Jackson, 9th Dist. Lorain No.
14CA010555, 2015-Ohio-2473, ¶ 68, citing State v. Conway, 109 Ohio St.3d 412, 2006-Ohio-
2815, ¶ 105 (finding no ineffective assistance of counsel where even if trial counsel objected and
evidence was excluded, other evidence established facts giving rise to the defendant’s
conviction).
Probative Value vs. Prejudicial Effect
{¶17} Mr. Griffin also argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for failing to object to
the admission of the pawn shop’s business records because their prejudicial effect outweighed
their probative value. He directs our attention specifically to the fact that the stolen 42” Sanyo
was not among the five televisions pawned by Mr. Griffin between June 28, 2016, and August
15, 2016, and he claims that the evidence may confuse a jury into believing the pawned
televisions were stolen.
{¶18} “‘Logically, all evidence presented by a prosecutor is prejudicial, but not all
evidence unfairly prejudices a defendant.’” (Emphasis added.) State v. Martin, 9th Dist. Lorain
No. 15CA010888, 2017-Ohio-2794, ¶ 23, quoting State v. Skatzes, 104 Ohio St.3d 195, 2004-
Ohio-6391, ¶ 107. Relevant evidence is not admissible “if its probative value is substantially
outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, of confusion of the issues, or of misleading the
jury.” Evid.R. 403(A). “The Supreme Court has stated the ‘relevant evidence, challenged as
being outweighed by its prejudicial effects, should be viewed in a light most favorable to the
proponent of the evidence, maximizing its probative value and minimizing any prejudicial effect 9
to one opposing admission[.]’” Martin at ¶ 23, quoting State v. Ellis, 9th Dist. Summit No.
27013, 2014-Ohio-4186, ¶ 26, quoting State v. Frazier, 73 Ohio St.3d 323, 333 (1995).
{¶19} Evidence that Mr. Griffin pawned five different televisions in the weeks
immediately preceding the theft at the Eastlawn home is certainly probative in a case involving
the theft of a television. Mr. Griffin is correct in stating that the stolen 42” Sanyo was not among
the five televisions he pawned. The evidence at trial demonstrated that only one of the
televisions recently stolen from Blick homes—not the 42” Sanyo—could be traced with a serial
number, and that serial number did not match any of the five televisions recently pawned by Mr.
Griffin. Mr. Griffin contends that evidence of him pawning televisions could lead a jury to
believe that the pawned televisions were stolen, but the evidence at trial simply indicated that
insufficient information was available to identify the pawned televisions as stolen property. As
such, Mr. Griffin has not demonstrated how the probative value of the evidence was substantially
outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, of confusion of the issues, or of misleading the
jury. See Evid.R. 403(A).
{¶20} In viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the State, while maximizing
its probative value and minimizing its prejudicial effect, we cannot conclude that it unfairly
prejudiced Mr. Griffin or that it confused or misled the jury. Once again, trial counsel’s failure
to object to this evidence may reasonably be justified as a trial tactic, which this Court will not
second-guess. See Miller, 2007-Ohio-370, at ¶ 10. Moreover, even if we had concluded that
counsel should have objected, his failure to object would not have prejudiced Mr. Griffin, as the
State introduced a wealth of evidence supporting a conviction in this case. See Jackson, 2015-
Ohio-2473, at ¶ 68. 10
Withdrawal of the Motion to Suppress
{¶21} Mr. Griffin also argues that his trial counsel was ineffective for withdrawing his
motion to suppress evidence obtained from the photo array. He claims the photo array was
unduly suggestive, and the father’s identification of Mr. Griffin was tainted because the father’s
boss showed him a photo of Mr. Griffin as a possible suspect in the theft one day prior to police
administration of the photo array.
{¶22} Defense counsel is not required to file a motion to suppress in every case. State v.
Taylor, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24054, 2008-Ohio-5238, ¶ 3. This Court has held that the decision
to withdraw a motion to suppress constitutes a tactical decision by counsel and cannot be used to
establish an ineffective assistance claim. See, e.g., State v. Liu, 9th Dist. Summit No. 24112,
2008-Ohio-6793, ¶ 32. Moreover, the Supreme Court of Ohio has “rejected claims of ineffective
counsel when counsel failed to file or withdrew a suppression motion when doing so was a
tactical decision, there was no reasonable probability of success, or there was no prejudice to the
defendant.” State v. Nields, 93 Ohio St.3d 6, 34 (2001).
{¶23} The father-painter testified that his employer texted a photo of Mr. Griffin to both
him and his son one day after the theft, and he confirmed that it was the same man he saw in the
Eastlawn home on the day of the theft. Detective Russell Bassett administered a photo array on
the following day at one of the painters’ job sites. Detective Bassett testified as to his role as the
“blind administrator” of the photo array as well as the procedures he employed in administering
the photo array. The photo array consisted of six tabbed photos in a single folder and the
painters were each asked, individually, to look at each of the six photos in succession. They
were permitted to go through the array a second time, but not a third time. The father identified
a photo of Mr. Griffin in the array as the man he saw in the Eastlawn home on the day of the 11
theft with 90 percent certainty. The father testified that the photo of Mr. Griffin in the array was
different than the one his boss sent him, as it was much grainier, Mr. Griffin’s face was a little
fuller, and his facial hair may have been different. The son was unable to make a positive
identification from the photo array.
{¶24} Mr. Griffin’s counsel filed a motion to suppress the evidence obtained from the
photo arrays, arguing that (1) the Akron Police Department has not adopted specific procedures
for conducting photo lineups in compliance with R.C. 2933.83, and (2) the photos contained
within the array were unduly suggestive. Several months later, the trial court permitted defense
counsel to withdraw from the case and appointed new counsel to represent Mr. Griffin. After
several more months, new counsel withdrew the motion to suppress, and the case proceeded to
trial.
{¶25} Mr. Griffin makes no argument to refute the presumption that counsel’s decision
to withdraw the motion was a tactical decision and fails to argue that the withdrawal resulted in
any prejudice. Although he claims “a motion to suppress would have been successful if made,”
he provides no argument to support this assertion apart from a generalized reliance on persuasive
authority from State v. Hofacker, 2d Dist. Darke No. 2015-CA-5, 2016-Ohio-519, the facts of
which we determine to be distinguishable from Mr. Griffin’s case.
{¶26} In Hofacker, an assault victim’s neighbor never saw the suspect’s face in the dark
and could only identify him as a man wearing dark pants and a dark shirt, yet she positively
identified him in a single photo provided to her by police. Id. at ¶ 25. The 90-year-old victim
was not wearing her glasses at the time of the attack and had not given police any physical
description of her attacker, but she was present when her neighbor positively identified the
attacker in the photo. Id. The victim then viewed the same photo and also positively identified 12
the suspect. Id. The Court determined that “the methods employed were unduly suggestive and
that the victim’s identification of Hofacker was not otherwise reliable.” Id. Unlike in Hofacker,
both painters saw and even spoke to Mr. Griffin for several minutes in the Eastlawn home.
When sent a picture of Mr. Griffin on the following day, they both confirmed that he was the
man they had spoken to in the home. When police later administered the photo array, the father
was able to identify Mr. Griffin with 90 percent certainly while the son was unable to make a
positive identification.
{¶27} “Due process may require a court to suppress eyewitness testimony when the
identification results from an unduly suggestive identification procedure. “A lineup is unduly
suggestive if it steers the witness to one suspect, independent of the witness’s honest
recollection.” State v. Adams, 144 Ohio St.3d 429, 2015-Ohio-3954, ¶ 208. However, Mr.
Griffin is not challenging the photo array itself or the actions of police in administering the array.
Instead, he specifically takes issue with the father being shown a picture of Mr. Griffin by his
employer a day before the administration of the photo array and argues that “[t]his surely would
have had a corrupting effect on his identification.” “When the questionable circumstances of an
identification procedure are not due to state action, the reliability of the identification is a
question going to the weight of the testimony, not its admissibility.” Id. at ¶ 209. Consequently,
as Mr. Griffin is not challenging the actions of the police, he has not demonstrated a reasonable
probability that the motion to suppress on the basis of an unduly suggestive photo lineup would
have been successful. Therefore, we cannot conclude that Mr. Griffin’s trial counsel was
ineffective for withdrawing the motion. 13
{¶28} For the reasons set forth above, we conclude that Mr. Griffin has not
demonstrated that his trial counsel was ineffective, as he has failed to demonstrate deficient
performance by counsel or any resulting prejudice. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 687.
{¶29} Accordingly, Mr. Griffin’s first, second, and fourth assignments of error are
overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR THREE
THR (SIC) TRIAL COURT COMMITTED PLAIN ERROR WHEN IT FAILED TO INSTRUCT THE JURY ON THE PHOTO-LINEUP NONCOMPLIANCE AS REQUIRED BY REVISED CODE §2933.83(C)(3)
{¶30} In his third assignment of error, Mr. Griffin argues that the police failed to include
four blank photos in four dummy folders to satisfy the “folder system” requirements of R.C.
2933.83(A)(6), and the trial court therefore committed plain error in failing to instruct the jury as
to the photo array’s noncompliance, pursuant to R.C. 2933.83(C)(3). We disagree.
{¶31} Because Mr. Griffin did not raise this issue at the trial court level, he has forfeited
all but plain error. See State v. Brantley, 9th Dist. Summit No. 27466, 2016-Ohio-4680, ¶ 71.
“Plain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not
brought to the attention of the court.” Crim.R. 52(B). “[The] error must be obvious and have a
substantial adverse impact on the integrity of and the public’s confidence in judicial
proceedings.” State v. Tichon, 102 Ohio App.3d 758, 767 (9th Dist.1995). “Plain error does not
exist unless it can be said that but for the error, the outcome of the trial would clearly have been
otherwise.” State v. Elkins, 9th Dist. Summit No. 19684, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 4670, *25
(Sept. 27, 2000). Notice of plain error “is to be taken with the utmost caution, under exceptional
circumstances and only to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice.” State v. Long, 53 Ohio
St.2d 91 (1978), paragraph three of the syllabus. 14
{¶32} R.C. 2933.83(B) requires law enforcement agencies conducting photo lineups to
adopt specific procedures for conducting the lineups:
Such procedures must provide, at minimum, the use of a “blind administrator” for the photo array, who does not know the identity of the suspect. The administration involves the use of a folder system or a substantially similar system. R.C. 2933.83(A)(2). The administrator conducting the lineup must make a written record of the lineup that includes all results obtained during the lineup, the names of all persons at the lineup, the date and time of the lineup, and the sources of the photographs used in the lineup. R.C. 2933.83(B)(4). The administrator is also required to inform the eyewitness that the suspect may or may not be in the lineup and that the administrator does not know the identity of the suspect. R.C. 2933.83(B)(5).
(Emphasis added.) State v. Potts, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104482, 2017-Ohio-4435, ¶ 17. When
evidence of failure to comply with either the provisions of R.C. 2933.83 or any adopted
procedures for conducting lineups is presented at trial, “the jury shall be instructed that it may
consider credible evidence of noncompliance in determining the reliability of any eyewitness
identification resulting from or related to the lineup.” R.C. 2933.83(C)(3).
{¶33} Mr. Griffin’s argument that the police failed to comply with the “folder system”
identification procedures set forth in R.C. 2933.83(A)(6) is misplaced. “The folder system
provides for the inclusion of the suspect’s photograph with five ‘filler photographs,’ and four
‘blank photographs,’ which are placed into ten empty folders and shuffled; the administrator
accordingly does not know which folder the witness is viewing when the array is administered.”
State v. Harmon, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26883, 2017-Ohio-8106, ¶ 24. While the folder
system is one particular method available to law enforcement for administering photo lineups, it
is not required to be used for all photo lineups under R.C. 2933.83. See In re T.H., 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 106433, 2018-Ohio-2300, ¶ 16; State v. Patton, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1356,
2015-Ohio-1866, ¶ 19; Harmon at ¶ 24. See also R.C. 2933.83(A)(2)-(3) (permitting photo
lineups through the use of a folder system or a substantially similar system). 15
{¶34} Detective Bassett testified that he administered a photo array to the painters, but
the record is devoid of any evidence that the folder system specifically outlined in R.C.
2933.83(A)(6) was ever utilized in this case. Mr. Griffin cannot argue noncompliance with the
folder system requirements under R.C. 2933.83(A)(6) when that particular system was not
required to be used and was, in fact, never used in this case. A review of Detective Bassett’s
testimony reveals that the photo array he administered in this case satisfied, at the very least, the
requirement of a being a “substantially similar system” under R.C. 2933.83.
{¶35} Mr. Griffin has failed to show that the outcome of his trial would have been
different had the trial court instructed the jury in accordance with R.C. 2933.83(C)(3), and this is
not an exceptional circumstance where plain error must be noticed to prevent a manifest
miscarriage of justice. As Detective Bassett’s testimony established compliance with at least the
minimum requirements of R.C. 2933.33(B), we conclude that the trial court did not commit plain
error in failing to instruct the jury in accordance with R.C. 2933.83(C)(3).
{¶36} Mr. Griffin’s third assignment of error is overruled.
III.
{¶37} Mr. Griffin’s assignments of error are all overruled. The judgment of the Summit
County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal. 16
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed to Appellant.
THOMAS A. TEODOSIO FOR THE COURT
SCHAFER, P. J. HENSAL, J. CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
KIRK A. MIDGAL, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and HEAVEN DIMARTINO, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.