State v. Fernandez

169 P.3d 641, 216 Ariz. 545, 515 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 16, 2007 Ariz. App. LEXIS 195, 2007 WL 3026017
CourtCourt of Appeals of Arizona
DecidedOctober 18, 2007
Docket1 CA-CR 05-1136
StatusPublished
Cited by58 cases

This text of 169 P.3d 641 (State v. Fernandez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Arizona primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Fernandez, 169 P.3d 641, 216 Ariz. 545, 515 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 16, 2007 Ariz. App. LEXIS 195, 2007 WL 3026017 (Ark. Ct. App. 2007).

Opinion

OPINION

BROWN, Judge.

¶ 1 Defendant David Charles Fernandez III appeals his convictions and sentences on one count of first-degree murder and ten counts of attempted first-degree murder. Fernandez raises the following arguments: 1) the trial court abused its discretion and coerced the jury into reaching a verdict by ordering supplemental closing argument on premeditation; 2) the trial court erred as a matter of law in allowing the jury to determine whether offenses committed against several children under the age of fifteen were “dangerous crimes against children”; 1 and 3) the trial court abused its discretion by refusing to instruct the jury on aggravated assault as a lesser-included offense of attempted first-degree murder. 2 For the following reasons, we affirm his convictions, but remand in part for resentencing.

BACKGROUND 3

¶ 2 Shortly before midnight on January 4, 2002, after drinking alcohol, smoking marijuana, and ingesting mushrooms laced with drugs, Fernandez started arguing with his girlfriend. He banged her head several times against a doorway, in full view of two children and several teenagers gathered on the balcony of a nearby second-story apartment. The two children lived at the apartment, and frequently “hung out” with their seventeen-year-old brother and his friends on the balcony, which was lit by a porch light and a nearby street lamp, and furnished with a couch. That night, someone on the balcony called the attention of the others to Fernandez’ abuse. After the argument, Fernandez’ girlfriend walked back to the apartment she shared with Fernandez, which was located a few doors down from where the altercation had occurred. Fernandez followed her into the apartment.

¶ 3 Between five and twenty minutes later, Fernandez returned to the area carrying an AK-47 rifle, and after saying, “what’s up euz” several times, and receiving a like answer, fired numerous rounds toward the group on the balcony. One shot killed the eleven-year-old boy who was leaning against the railing, and another shot paralyzed his fourteen-year-old sister, who had turned to go into the apartment and was standing in front of the door. 4

¶ 4 Shortly after firing the shots, Fernandez approached a car entering the parking lot. The car’s dome light was on, which allowed one of three children in the back seat to play a game. Fernandez tapped on the driver’s side window, and after he was directed to the passenger side of the car, talked to the front-seat passenger through the open car door for a minute or two. Suddenly, Fernandez went around to the back of the ear and fired numerous shots into the car, wounding the driver, the front-seat passenger, and two of the children. The three *548 children in the car were all under the age of fifteen.

¶ 5 Fernandez testified that after the altercation with his girlfriend, he retrieved his father’s loaded AK-47 rifle from his apartment and returned to the area near the balcony to defend himself after he thought one of the persons on the balcony said, “Let’s get this dude,” and “Let’s get him,” several times. He testified that he shot to the left and above the heads of the only two people standing on the balcony after he heard one of them say, “Let’s smoke the fool.” Fernandez knew that children lived in the apartment, but testified that he did not see any children on the balcony. He subsequently fired shots at the car because it nearly hit him and, when the door on the front-passenger side opened, he was afraid the people from the balcony were coming after him. Fernandez stated that he never looked inside the ear before he fired the shots.

¶ 6 The jury returned a guilty verdict on one count of first-degree murder and ten counts of attempted first-degree murder, finding all the offenses to be dangerous and finding five of the offenses to be dangerous crimes against children. In the penalty phase of the trial, the jury found that Fernandez should be sentenced to life imprisonment on the first-degree murder conviction. The court sentenced Fernandez to natural life for the murder conviction, and lesser terms for each of the attempted murder convictions. Fernandez timely appealed. We have jurisdiction pursuant to Article 6, Section 9 of the Arizona Constitution and Arizona Revised Statutes (“A.R.S.”) sections 12-120.01(A)(1) (2003), 13-4031 (2001) and 13-4033 (2001).

DISCUSSION

I. Supplemental Closing Argument

¶ 7 Fernandez argues that the trial court abused its discretion by ordering supplemental closing argument and ultimately coercing the jury into reaching guilty verdicts. He asserts that the supplemental argument allowed the State to “cure the deficiencies in its theory of premeditation.” Additionally, he argues that the prosecutor misinformed the jury as to the distinction between first-degree and second-degree murder during the supplemental argument.

¶ 8 “Jury coercion exists when the trial court’s actions or remarks, viewed in the totality of the circumstances, displaced the independent judgment of the jurors, or when the trial judge encourages a deadlocked jury to reach a verdiet[.]” State v. Davolt, 207 Ariz. 191, 213, ¶ 94, 84 P.3d 456, 478 (2004) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). “What conduct amounts to coercion is particularly dependent upon the facts of each ease.” State v. Roberts, 131 Ariz. 513, 515, 642 P.2d 858, 860 (1982) (finding judge’s inquiry into the numerical division of the impasse and comment on the large amount of evidence did not result in coercion); State v. Lautzenheiser, 180 Ariz. 7, 9-10, 881 P.2d 339, 341-42 (1994) (finding verdict was coerced when a judge ordered continued deliberation after a “hold out” juror was twice singled out in open court “as the person responsible for delaying the conclusion of the proceedings”); State v. McCutcheon, 150 Ariz. 317, 318-20, 723 P.2d 666, 667-69 (1986) (finding an implicit and improper message in the trial judge’s repeated questions whether the jury could reach a verdict on one count against any defendant, when jury knew that trial judge was aware that two jurors believed that there was not enough evidence on all counts for both defendants). The trial court’s response to a jury question is reviewed for abuse of discretion. State v. Ramirez, 178 Ariz. 116, 126, 871 P.2d 237, 247 (1994).

¶ 9 The jury trial in this case lasted eleven days. At the end of the first day of deliberations, the jury’s foreperson sent a handwritten note to the court asking:

Can we get an expanded definition of what “pre-meditation” is? Some of us are struggling with what constitutes pre-meditation. Or can you cite any other cases that would help us to understand the definition of pre-meditation?

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
169 P.3d 641, 216 Ariz. 545, 515 Ariz. Adv. Rep. 16, 2007 Ariz. App. LEXIS 195, 2007 WL 3026017, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-fernandez-arizctapp-2007.