State v. Eiler

762 P.2d 210, 234 Mont. 38, 1988 Mont. LEXIS 270
CourtMontana Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 14, 1988
Docket87-494
StatusPublished
Cited by45 cases

This text of 762 P.2d 210 (State v. Eiler) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Montana Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Eiler, 762 P.2d 210, 234 Mont. 38, 1988 Mont. LEXIS 270 (Mo. 1988).

Opinions

MR. CHIEF JUSTICE TURNAGE

delivered the Opinion of the Court.

Defendant Jerry Eiler appeals his jury conviction of sexual assault in violation of Section 45-5-502, MCA, in the Twelfth Judicial Dis[41]*41trict, Hill County, Montana. Defendant was charged by information on February 5, 1986, with sexually assaulting his then four-year-old stepdaughter, S.A. Eiler was sentenced to a term of fifteen years with the last seven years suspended. We affirm.

Defendant raises the following issues on appeal:

1. Did the District Court properly determine that the victim, eight-year-old S.A., was competent to testify to incidents which occurred four years earlier?

2. Did the District Court properly allow leading questions by the prosecuting attorney during the deposition of the eight-year-old victim?

3. Did the District Court properly admit evidence of defendant Eiler’s prior acts with T.M., his stepdaughter in a previous marriage?

4. Did the District Court properly rule that Dr. Jarvis, a psychologist who examined S.A., was a qualified expert whose testimony was permissible?

5. Did the evidence support the jury conviction of guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?

The victim, S.A., was born on January 21, 1978. In September, 1980, she and her mother Sharon began living with Jerry Eiler, defendant and appellant in this action. Sharon and defendant were married in October, 1981. In the summer of 1982, Eiler had sexual contact with S.A. while she was riding with him on a tractor.

In January, 1983, Sharon went to the State of Washington for treatment of alcoholism, for a period of one month. During this time S.A. stayed with Eiler. While Sharon was absent Eiler had sexual contact with S.A. in the family home on two separate occasions.

Shortly after Sharon returned home from Washington, she divorced Eiler.

By the fall of 1983, S.A. had become disobedient, destructive, and towards other children, abusive. S.A. also began masturbating frequently. This unusual behavior prompted Sharon to take S.A. to Dr. Jarvis, a psychologist, who concluded from his diagnosis that S.A. had been sexually abused. He testified to this at trial.

In February of 1986, Eiler was charged with sexual assault of his stepdaughter. S.A. testified by videotape deposition at trial. It was determined by the District Court at the deposition that S.A. was competent to testify.

S.A. testified that she understood what it meant to tell the truth and realized there were consequences if she failed to tell the truth. The videotaped deposition revealed that she was crying, quite upset, [42]*42and was hesitant to answer questions concerning specific details of the alleged sexual contacts. The prosecution was allowed to use leading questions, and S.A. testified that the defendant had touched her “private parts” with his hands and had instructed her to touch his “private parts.” S.A. testified that she did not tell anyone “because he [Eiler] said he would spank me.”

T.M., Eiler’s stepdaughter in a previous marriage, testified at trial that Eiler forced her to have intercourse with him regularly from 1973 when T.M. was age nine, until 1977. Eiler and T.M.’s mother, J.E., began living together in 1973, were married in 1975, and were divorced in 1977. Counsel for the defense objected to this testimony of prior acts by T.M., but the objection was overruled. Eiler was convicted by jury verdict of sexually assaulting S.A.

Appellant first contends that S.A., the victim, was not competent to testify. S.A. was four years old when forced to engage in sexual contact with Jerry Eiler and she was eight years old when she testified to the acts. Rule 601, M.R.Evid., is controlling:

“Rule 601. Competency in general; disqualification.
“(a) General rule competency. Every person is competent to be a witness except as otherwise provided in these rules.
“(b) Disqualification of witnesses. A person is disqualified to be a witness if the court finds that (1) the witness is incapable of expressing himself concerning the matter so as to be understood by the judge and jury either directly or through interpretation by one who can understand him or (2) the witness is incapable of understanding the duty of a witness to tell the truth.”

The requirements for determining competence are “capacity of expression and appreciation of the duty to tell the truth.” State v. Phelps (Mont. 1985), [215 Mont. 217,] 696 P.2d. 447, 453, 42 St.Rep. 305, 312. The rule imposes no age requirement for testifying. State v. Campbell (1978), 176 Mont. 525, 579 P.2d 1231; State v. Smith (1984), 208 Mont. 66, 676 P.2d 185. This Court has allowed testimony of five-year-old victims in Phelps, 696 P.2d 447, 42 St.Rep. 305, and State v. A.D.M. (Mont. 1985), [216 Mont. 419,] 701 P.2d 999, 42 St.Rep. 916; and testimony of four-year-old victims in State v. D.B.S. (Mont. 1985), [216 Mont. 234,] 700 P.2d 630, 42 St.Rep. 770, Campbell, 176 Mont. 525, 579 P.2d 1231, and State v. Rogers (Mont. 1984), [213 Mont. 302,] 692 P.2d 2, 41 St.Rep. 2131.

Appellant contends that S.A. did not have the ability to comprehend and relate what occurred. Appellant refers to S.A.’s testimony which indicates she could not clearly remember details of the alleged [43]*43acts. First, she could not remember where she lived in 1982 and 1983. Second, when the sexual contact occurred, she could not specifically recall whether she was standing or sitting on the tractor. And third, S.A. could not remember what clothes she and Eiler were wearing when the acts took place. However, it has been established by this Court that “children especially four-year-olds are not governed by the clock and calendar as adults are. They are generally at a loss to apply times or dates to significant events in their lives.” State v. D.B.S., 700 P.2d at 634.

We have stated that what is important is the capacity to remember the occurrence and the ability of the witness to relate her impressions of what occurred. State v. Howie (Mont. 1987), [228 Mont. 497,] 744 P.2d 156, 44 St.Rep. 1711. S.A.’s testimony is consistent with her prior reports of the incidents and is supported by Dr. Jarvis’ testimony. This shows her capacity to remember the occurrence and her ability to relate her impressions. In State v. A.D.M. (Mont. 1985), [216 Mont. 419,] 701 P.2d 999, 42 St.Rep. 916, a five-year-old was held to be competent because her testimony was uniform with her prior reports and was confirmed with the testimony of a psychologist.

Although appellant argues that the inconsistencies in S.A.’s testimony are indicative of her incompetency, we held in Phelps, 696 P.2d at 453, that “the inconsistencies of [the victim’s] perception of where he was do not affect his competence.” The record shows that S.A. could not answer inquiries of where she lived or what she was doing in 1982 and 1983.

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Bluebook (online)
762 P.2d 210, 234 Mont. 38, 1988 Mont. LEXIS 270, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-eiler-mont-1988.