SECOND DIVISION MERCIER, C. J., MILLER, P. J., and HODGES, J.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
August 4, 2023
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A23A0853. THE STATE v. HILLSMAN. \
MILLER, Presiding Judge.
Demarco Hillsman pleaded guilty to armed robbery, aggravated assault with
a deadly weapon, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, and
the trial court imposed a 25-year sentence, with the first five years to be served in
confinement and the remainder to be served on probation. The State appeals from the
judgment and sentence, arguing that Hillsman’s sentence for armed robbery is void
because the trial court departed from the mandatory minimum sentence for that
charge without its consent. Because we conclude that there was no agreement
between Hillsman and the State on a departure from the mandatory minimum
sentence for the armed robbery conviction, we vacate Hillsman’s sentence for armed
robbery, and we remand the case for resentencing. According to the State’s factual proffer, the charges in this case stemmed from
a shooting incident in Fulton County. In February 2019, officers responded to the Star
Grocery store and met with Victor Morales, a store clerk. Morales told the police that
he was sitting in his office with the door open when Hillsman walked up to the
checkout counter and placed some store items on the counter. Hillsman then “pushed
into” the office, pointed a gun at Morales, and told him to “give up all the money.”
Morales attempted to disarm Hillsman, but Hillsman shot Morales in the arm, took
approximately $400 from the cash register, and fled from the store.1
Hillsman was indicted for one count of armed robbery (OCGA § 16-8-41), one
count of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon (OCGA § 16-5-21), one count of
possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony (OCGA § 16-11-106), and
one count of possession of a firearm by a first offender probationer (OCGA § 16-11-
131 (b)), and he later entered a negotiated guilty plea.2 At the plea hearing, the
prosecutor conducted a plea colloquy with Hillsman, and she stated the recommended
sentence as follows: “Count 1, armed robbery, 15 years to serve. Count 2, aggravated
1 The incident was captured on surveillance video, and Hillsman’s fingerprints were recovered from the items that he had placed on the counter. 2 The possession of a firearm by a first offender probationer charge was dismissed in connection with the guilty plea.
2 assault, 15 years to serve, concurrent to Count 1. Count 3, possession of a firearm
during the commission of a felony, 15 years suspended, consecutive to Count 1.
Count 4 will be dismissed, or nolle prosed by the State.” The trial court accepted
Hillsman’s guilty plea, and after the presentation of testimony and argument
regarding Hillsman’s background, the following transpired:
[TRIAL COURT]: As to the count of armed robbery, the [c]ourt is going to deviate from the recommendation that’s been negotiated, and you all can let me know afterwards, if Mr. Hillsman is going to continue to enter his plea of guilty. All right. As to armed robbery, my understanding is the minimum sentence is 10 years to life; correct?
[PROSECUTOR]: Yes, Judge. Actually, Judge, no. For the armed robbery --
[TRIAL COURT]: I thought I heard you -- I wrote down 10 to life.
[PROSECUTOR]: No, Judge. [10] years, the maximum is death, Judge.
[TRIAL COURT]: I thought I heard you say that, but I just didn’t want to write that down. I thought that’s what I heard you say.
[PROSECUTOR]: Yes, Judge.
3 [TRIAL COURT]: I just didn’t want to write that down. Okay. [10] to death; okay. I mean, so the sentence for armed robbery is going to be 10 years to serve [5], balance on probation. He’s to get credit for time served. Aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, [10] to serve [5], with credit for time served, balance on probation. Count 3, 15 years consecutive, suspended. And then Count 4 is nolle prosed.
So Mr. Hillsman, are you still willing to enter your plea of guilty?
[HILLSMAN]: Yes, ma’am.
[TRIAL COURT]: Anything else, Ms. Robinson, Ms. Simmons?
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: No, your Honor; nothing further from the defense.
The prosecutor did not respond to the trial court’s solicitation for additional remarks,
nor did she object in any way to the trial court’s pronouncement of sentence.
Four days after the hearing, the State filed a motion to vacate sentence, arguing
that Hillsman’s sentence was void because the trial court departed from the
mandatory minimum prison sentence for the armed robbery charge without its
4 consent. The trial court subsequently entered a judgment and sentence in accordance
with the oral sentence that was pronounced at the hearing, and this appeal followed.3
In its sole enumeration of error, the State argues that Hillsman’s sentence for
armed robbery is void because the trial court departed from the mandatory minimum
sentence for that charge without its consent. We agree and conclude that there was
no agreement between Hillsman and the State on a departure from the mandatory
minimum sentence for the armed robbery conviction, and thus Hillsman’s sentence
for that offense is void.4
“[A]s in all appeals involving the construction of statutes, our review is
conducted under a de novo standard.” (Citation omitted.) Walker v. State, 360 Ga.
App. 211, 213 (1) (860 SE2d 868) (2021).
When interpreting a statute,
3 It does not appear from the record that the trial court ruled on the State’s motion. 4 Because we conclude that Hillsman’s sentence for armed robbery is void, we reject Hillsman’s contention that the State could not appeal from his sentence and that we lack jurisdiction. See State v. King, 325 Ga. App. 445 (750 SE2d 756) (2013) (noting that the State is authorized to appeal from a void sentence under OCGA § 5-7-1 (a) (6) and that a sentence is void if the court imposes a punishment that the law does not allow).
5 we must afford the statutory text its plain and ordinary meaning, consider the text contextually, read the text in its most natural and reasonable way, as an ordinary speaker of the English language would, and seek to avoid a construction that makes some language mere surplusage. Further, when the language of a statute is plain and susceptible to only one natural and reasonable construction, courts must construe the statute accordingly.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Mays v. State, 345 Ga. App. 562, 564 (814 SE2d
418) (2018).
Under OCGA § 16-8-41 (b), a conviction for armed robbery carries a minimum
prison sentence of 10 years. A person convicted of armed robbery under OCGA § 16-
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SECOND DIVISION MERCIER, C. J., MILLER, P. J., and HODGES, J.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be physically received in our clerk’s office within ten days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed. https://www.gaappeals.us/rules
August 4, 2023
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia A23A0853. THE STATE v. HILLSMAN. \
MILLER, Presiding Judge.
Demarco Hillsman pleaded guilty to armed robbery, aggravated assault with
a deadly weapon, and possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony, and
the trial court imposed a 25-year sentence, with the first five years to be served in
confinement and the remainder to be served on probation. The State appeals from the
judgment and sentence, arguing that Hillsman’s sentence for armed robbery is void
because the trial court departed from the mandatory minimum sentence for that
charge without its consent. Because we conclude that there was no agreement
between Hillsman and the State on a departure from the mandatory minimum
sentence for the armed robbery conviction, we vacate Hillsman’s sentence for armed
robbery, and we remand the case for resentencing. According to the State’s factual proffer, the charges in this case stemmed from
a shooting incident in Fulton County. In February 2019, officers responded to the Star
Grocery store and met with Victor Morales, a store clerk. Morales told the police that
he was sitting in his office with the door open when Hillsman walked up to the
checkout counter and placed some store items on the counter. Hillsman then “pushed
into” the office, pointed a gun at Morales, and told him to “give up all the money.”
Morales attempted to disarm Hillsman, but Hillsman shot Morales in the arm, took
approximately $400 from the cash register, and fled from the store.1
Hillsman was indicted for one count of armed robbery (OCGA § 16-8-41), one
count of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon (OCGA § 16-5-21), one count of
possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony (OCGA § 16-11-106), and
one count of possession of a firearm by a first offender probationer (OCGA § 16-11-
131 (b)), and he later entered a negotiated guilty plea.2 At the plea hearing, the
prosecutor conducted a plea colloquy with Hillsman, and she stated the recommended
sentence as follows: “Count 1, armed robbery, 15 years to serve. Count 2, aggravated
1 The incident was captured on surveillance video, and Hillsman’s fingerprints were recovered from the items that he had placed on the counter. 2 The possession of a firearm by a first offender probationer charge was dismissed in connection with the guilty plea.
2 assault, 15 years to serve, concurrent to Count 1. Count 3, possession of a firearm
during the commission of a felony, 15 years suspended, consecutive to Count 1.
Count 4 will be dismissed, or nolle prosed by the State.” The trial court accepted
Hillsman’s guilty plea, and after the presentation of testimony and argument
regarding Hillsman’s background, the following transpired:
[TRIAL COURT]: As to the count of armed robbery, the [c]ourt is going to deviate from the recommendation that’s been negotiated, and you all can let me know afterwards, if Mr. Hillsman is going to continue to enter his plea of guilty. All right. As to armed robbery, my understanding is the minimum sentence is 10 years to life; correct?
[PROSECUTOR]: Yes, Judge. Actually, Judge, no. For the armed robbery --
[TRIAL COURT]: I thought I heard you -- I wrote down 10 to life.
[PROSECUTOR]: No, Judge. [10] years, the maximum is death, Judge.
[TRIAL COURT]: I thought I heard you say that, but I just didn’t want to write that down. I thought that’s what I heard you say.
[PROSECUTOR]: Yes, Judge.
3 [TRIAL COURT]: I just didn’t want to write that down. Okay. [10] to death; okay. I mean, so the sentence for armed robbery is going to be 10 years to serve [5], balance on probation. He’s to get credit for time served. Aggravated assault with a deadly weapon, [10] to serve [5], with credit for time served, balance on probation. Count 3, 15 years consecutive, suspended. And then Count 4 is nolle prosed.
So Mr. Hillsman, are you still willing to enter your plea of guilty?
[HILLSMAN]: Yes, ma’am.
[TRIAL COURT]: Anything else, Ms. Robinson, Ms. Simmons?
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: No, your Honor; nothing further from the defense.
The prosecutor did not respond to the trial court’s solicitation for additional remarks,
nor did she object in any way to the trial court’s pronouncement of sentence.
Four days after the hearing, the State filed a motion to vacate sentence, arguing
that Hillsman’s sentence was void because the trial court departed from the
mandatory minimum prison sentence for the armed robbery charge without its
4 consent. The trial court subsequently entered a judgment and sentence in accordance
with the oral sentence that was pronounced at the hearing, and this appeal followed.3
In its sole enumeration of error, the State argues that Hillsman’s sentence for
armed robbery is void because the trial court departed from the mandatory minimum
sentence for that charge without its consent. We agree and conclude that there was
no agreement between Hillsman and the State on a departure from the mandatory
minimum sentence for the armed robbery conviction, and thus Hillsman’s sentence
for that offense is void.4
“[A]s in all appeals involving the construction of statutes, our review is
conducted under a de novo standard.” (Citation omitted.) Walker v. State, 360 Ga.
App. 211, 213 (1) (860 SE2d 868) (2021).
When interpreting a statute,
3 It does not appear from the record that the trial court ruled on the State’s motion. 4 Because we conclude that Hillsman’s sentence for armed robbery is void, we reject Hillsman’s contention that the State could not appeal from his sentence and that we lack jurisdiction. See State v. King, 325 Ga. App. 445 (750 SE2d 756) (2013) (noting that the State is authorized to appeal from a void sentence under OCGA § 5-7-1 (a) (6) and that a sentence is void if the court imposes a punishment that the law does not allow).
5 we must afford the statutory text its plain and ordinary meaning, consider the text contextually, read the text in its most natural and reasonable way, as an ordinary speaker of the English language would, and seek to avoid a construction that makes some language mere surplusage. Further, when the language of a statute is plain and susceptible to only one natural and reasonable construction, courts must construe the statute accordingly.
(Citations and punctuation omitted.) Mays v. State, 345 Ga. App. 562, 564 (814 SE2d
418) (2018).
Under OCGA § 16-8-41 (b), a conviction for armed robbery carries a minimum
prison sentence of 10 years. A person convicted of armed robbery under OCGA § 16-
8-41 is also subject to the sentencing and punishment provisions in OCGA §§ 17-10-
6.1 and 17-10-7. OCGA § 16-8-41 (d). Pertinently, OCGA § 17-10-6.1 (b) (1) states
that a person who is convicted of armed robbery “shall be sentenced to a mandatory
minimum term of imprisonment of ten years,” and that “no portion of the mandatory
minimum sentence imposed shall be suspended, stayed, probated, deferred, or
withheld by the sentencing court.” As the State ultimately concedes, however, the
statute contains an exception that allows the trial court to impose a sentence that is
less than the mandatory minimum sentence. Specifically, OCGA § 17-10-6.1 (e)
provides that “[i]n the court’s discretion, the judge may depart from the mandatory
6 minimum sentence specified in this Code section for a person who is convicted of a
serious violent felony5 when the prosecuting attorney and the defendant have agreed
to a sentence that is below such mandatory minimum.”
Based on the record before us, it is clear that there was no agreement between
the parties for Hillsman to receive a sentence that is less than the mandatory minimum
sentence required for his armed robbery conviction. OCGA § 17-10-6.1 (e) explicitly
requires an agreement between the State and the defendant before a trial court may
impose a sentence that is less than the mandatory minimum sentence required for a
serious violent felony conviction. Because the language of the statute is clear and
unambiguous, we cannot construe the statute as permitting anything less than an
express agreement between the State and a defendant before a trial court may depart
from a mandatory minimum sentence. See Mathis v. State, 336 Ga. App. 257, 259
(784 SE2d 98) (2016) (“[W]e must presume that the General Assembly meant what
it said and said what it meant. . . . Additionally, we must construe statutes to give
sensible and intelligent effect to all of their provisions and to refrain from any
interpretation which renders any part of the statutes meaningless.”) (citation and
punctuation omitted). Furthermore, although Hillsman is certainly correct that the
5 OCGA § 17-10-6.1 (a) (2) lists armed robbery as a “serious violent felony.”
7 prosecutor stood silent at the hearing below and did not put forth any argument about
the departure sentence, we do not construe the prosecutor’s silence in this case as
constituting an affirmative agreement between the State and Hillsman. See Sanders
v. State, 358 Ga. App. 241, 245 (1) (855 SE2d 19) (2021) (“There is no bright-line
rule establishing that the absence of an objection[,] standing alone, automatically
equates to consent in all cases.”) (citation and punctuation omitted). This is
particularly so since the State filed a motion to vacate before the written sentence was
entered, arguing that Hillsman’s sentence for armed robbery was void because it did
not agree to depart from the mandatory minimum sentence. Consequently, given the
absence of an express agreement between Hillsman and the State in this matter, the
trial court erred by imposing a sentence that is less than the mandatory minimum
sentence required for an armed robbery conviction. See State v. McKnight, ___ Ga.
App. ___ (___ SE2d ___) (2023 WL 3016592, slip opinion at *2-3) (2023) (trial
court erred by probating a portion of the defendant’s mandatory minimum prison
sentence for armed robbery under OCGA § 17-10-6.1 (e) without the State’s consent);
8 State v. Hudson, 303 Ga. 348, 350 (2) (812 SE2d 270) (2018) (same).6
Accordingly, for the reasons stated above, we vacate Hillsman’s sentence for
armed robbery, and we remand the case to the trial court for resentencing. See State
v. Yohman, 348 Ga. App. 378, 382 (2) (823 SE2d 57) (2019) (vacating the
defendant’s void sentence and remanding the case to the trial court for resentencing).
Judgment vacated and case remanded for resentencing. Mercier, C. J., and
Hodges, J., concur.
6 Hillsman’s reliance on the Supreme Court of Georgia’s decision in State v. Kelley, 298 Ga. 527 (783 SE2d 124) (2016), is misguided. There, the Court stated that, in cases involving a plea agreement to a lesser charge, the State must “promptly object” once it is notified by the trial court that it intends to impose a more lenient sentence than the State’s recommended sentence, or else the State would be deemed to have consented to the lesser charge and the more lenient sentence. Id. at 531. Kelley, however, did not involve the construction or application of OCGA § 17-10- 6.1, and given the plain language of OCGA § 17-10-6.1, we decline to apply Kelley to construe the State’s initial silence as consent to the departure sentence.