State v. Dean

CourtCourt of Appeals of North Carolina
DecidedNovember 19, 2025
Docket24-654
StatusPublished

This text of State v. Dean (State v. Dean) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of North Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Dean, (N.C. Ct. App. 2025).

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF NORTH CAROLINA

No. COA24-654

Filed 19 November 2025

Johnston County, Nos. 22CR000117-500, 22CR050182-500

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

v.

JAMES MATTHEW DEAN, Defendant.

Appeal by Defendant from judgment entered 20 October 2023 by Judge

Rebecca W. Holt in Johnston County Superior Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals

30 January 2025.

Attorney General Jeff Jackson, by Assistant Attorney General Grace R. Linthicum, for the State-Appellee.

Blass Law, PLLC, by Attorney Danielle Blass, for the Defendant-Appellant

STADING, Judge.

James Matthew Dean (“Defendant”) appeals from final judgment entered upon

a jury verdict convicting him of possession with intent to manufacture, sell, or deliver

methamphetamine, and possession of drug paraphernalia. After careful review, we

discern no error.

I. Background

On 13 January 2022, Sergeant Joseph Wheeler of the Smithfield Police

Department saw a red Ford Explorer leaving the Village Motor Lodge at a rapid pace. STATE V. DEAN

Opinion of the Court

Sergeant Wheeler relayed his observations to Officer Jennifer LeCrone of the

Smithfield Police Department. Officer LeCrone noticed the Explorer “traveling at a

high rate of speed.” Upon checking the vehicle’s registration, she discovered it had

expired. Officer LeCrone also discovered the registrant, later determined to be the

driver—who was Defendant, had an outstanding order for his arrest.

Officer LeCrone activated her patrol car’s emergency equipment and the

Explorer pulled over. She approached the vehicle and informed Defendant of the

reason for the stop and observed that he acted “slightly nervous.” Sergeant Wheeler

arrived on the scene and spoke with Defendant. Sergeant Wheeler instructed

Defendant to exit the vehicle; Defendant complied and remained cooperative.

Officer LeCrone handcuffed Defendant for the outstanding order for arrest.

Sergeant Wheeler conducted a search of Defendant’s person, locating a digital scale,

approximately $1,253 in U.S. currency, and plastic bags containing a “crystalline

material.” Officer LeCrone searched Defendant’s vehicle, discovering several “little

corner baggies” and “a small bag of green leafy substance.”

On 7 February 2022, the Johnston County Grand Jury returned a true bill of

indictment against Defendant for possession with intent to manufacture, sell, or

deliver methamphetamine; possession of marijuana up to one-half ounce; possession

of drug paraphernalia; and having attained habitual felon status. On 3 May 2023,

the State learned Defendant sought to introduce expert testimony about the drug

testing and thereafter moved to exclude the testimony, alleging a violation of North

-2- STATE V. DEAN

Carolina’s criminal discovery statutes. The trial court denied the State’s motion to

exclude the expert’s testimony on 12 June 2023, and Defendant’s trial began.

During the State’s case-in-chief, the trial court accepted the State’s tender of

Ms. Korinthia Mills, a forensic scientist with the North Carolina State Crime

Laboratory, as an expert in drug chemistry. Ms. Mills testified the crystal-like

substance found on Defendant’s person was methamphetamine. She also explained

that methamphetamine exists as two isomers commonly designated as D and L,

which have “the same chemical formula, but . . . how the pieces are put together are

a little different.” Ms. Mills recalled she performed a preliminary color test and a

Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectrophotometer (“FTIR”) test, both of which indicated

the presence of methamphetamine but did not differentiate between isomers. She

elaborated, both isomers yield the same color-test result (turning orange) and produce

identical FTIR graphs.

The defense offered the testimony of an expert witness, Edward Brown, a

Doctor of Philosophy in chemistry. Dr. Brown testified that methamphetamine exists

in two isomer forms—D-isomer (or “D-methamphetamine”) and L-isomer (or “L-

methamphetamine”). He stated, while both isomers have the same melting and

boiling points and appear identical, they have different effects on the body. Dr. Brown

noted, neither the color test nor the FTIR test “differentiate between the D isomer

and L isomer.”

-3- STATE V. DEAN

Defendant moved to dismiss all charges at the close of the State’s evidence.

With respect to the possession with intent to manufacture, sell, or deliver

methamphetamine charge, Defendant argued the State had not proven which isomer

was present, and that one of the isomers was not illegal. The trial court granted

Defendant’s motion with respect to the possession of marijuana charge for insufficient

evidence, otherwise it denied Defendant’s motion. Again, Defendant moved to

dismiss the remaining charges at the close of all evidence. The trial court denied

Defendant’s motion. Defendant then requested special jury instructions, stating:

1. Methamphetamine-D is a controlled dangerous substance under Chapter 90 of North Carolina General Statutes.

2. Methamphetamine-L is not a controlled dangerous substance under Chapter 90 of North Carolina General Statues.

3. State v. Ward requires the State to prove the existence of a Controlled Dangerous Substance by using some form of Scientifically valid chemical analysis.

The trial court denied Defendant’s request and used the relevant pattern

instructions:

Now, the defendant has been charged with possessing methamphetamine with the intent to sell or deliver it. For you to find the defendant guilty of this offense the State must prove two things beyond a reasonable doubt:

First, that the defendant knowingly possessed methamphetamine.

Methamphetamine is a controlled substance. A person possesses methamphetamine when the person is aware of

-4- STATE V. DEAN

its presence, and has both the power and intent to control the disposition or use of that substance.

And second, that the defendant intended to sell or deliver the methamphetamine.

The jury found Defendant guilty of possession with intent to sell or deliver

methamphetamine, and possession of drug paraphernalia. Additionally, the jury

found Defendant had attained habitual felon status. Defendant entered a defective

written notice of appeal and thus petitioned our Court for a writ of certiorari (“PWC”).

II. Jurisdiction

Defendant’s written notice of appeal was defective since it failed to designate

“the court to which the appeal was taken,” and “it omitted the habitual felon file

number.” It therefore failed to comply with our Rules of Appellate Procedure. See

N.C. R. App. P. 4. Notwithstanding, for the reasons below, we grant Defendant’s

PWC. N.C. R. App. P. 21(a)(1); N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7A-32 (2023).

A PWC is a “prerogative writ.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 7A-32. “It is intended as an

extraordinary remedial writ to correct errors of law.” Cryan v. Nat’l Council of Young

Men’s Christian Ass’ns of U.S., 384 N.C. 569, 572, 887 S.E.2d 848, 851 (2023) (citation

omitted); see also State v. Diaz-Tomas, 382 N.C. 640, 651–52, 888 S.E.2d 368, 377

(2022) (noting a writ of certiorari is “an extraordinary remedial writ,” and the

necessity to provide “sufficient cause” to support the petition). “Our precedent

establishes a two-factor test to assess whether certiorari review by an appellate court

is appropriate.

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State v. Dean, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-dean-ncctapp-2025.