State v. Crosman

484 A.2d 1095, 125 N.H. 527, 1984 N.H. LEXIS 401
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedOctober 4, 1984
DocketNo. 83-229
StatusPublished
Cited by19 cases

This text of 484 A.2d 1095 (State v. Crosman) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Crosman, 484 A.2d 1095, 125 N.H. 527, 1984 N.H. LEXIS 401 (N.H. 1984).

Opinion

SOUTER, J.

The defendant was convicted of robbery under RSA 636:1, 111(b). The Superior Court {Dunn, J.) overruled his objection to certain testimony and denied his motion to dismiss for insufficiency of the evidence. The court likewise denied his motion to set aside the subsequent verdict of guilty. We affirm.

Witnesses reported a robbery of the Brooks Discount Pharmacy in Dover at about 8:00 p.m. on April 1, 1982. They described the robber as about five feet six to five feet ten inches tall, wearing a blue windbreaker, gray sweatpants, and a ski mask, and carrying a metallic object that appeared to be a gun. They said he left with the bills from the cash register and one of the store’s paper bags.

There was evidence that about 7:15 on the same evening the defendant left his family’s house in Dover wearing blue jeans and an orange down jacket. Witnesses testified that soon after eight o’clock the defendant arrived at the apartment of acquaintances at 90 Stark Avenue, not far from the store that was robbed. He was flushed, sweaty and out of breath, and said he had just run five miles. He was dressed in blue jeans, an undershirt and a tee shirt and brown work shoes. The defendant showed a small stack of bills when he offered to pay for a beer he wished to drink. After unsuccessfully attempting to get a ride in return for cocaine, he left Dover later in the evening and went to a party in Newmarket, where he tried to sell cocaine. He met Melissa Haynes there, and between three and four o’clock in the morning of April 2 he left with her and several others to drive to Maine.

While the defendant had been thus occupied, the police had been to his house in hopes of talking to him about the robbery. They had talked with the defendant’s mother there, and had told her they wished to talk with her son about a “disturbance” in Dover that evening. They had indicated their belief that the defendant was in some difficulties with Massachusetts authorities in connection with an armed robbery in that State.

On the way to Maine with his companions, the defendant stopped at his house to get beer. His mother testified that she saw and talked with him then. She said that he was dressed as he had been when he left home. She testified that she told him about the visit from the police and accurately described what the police had said. When the defendant rejoined his companions to go to Maine, he said that the [529]*529police had been to his house to question him about an armed robbery.

Later in the day of April 2, the defendant and his associates drove back to Dover. The defendant returned to 90 Stark Avenue, where witnesses saw him looking in the bushes, only to stop doing so when he noticed that he was being observed. The defendant and others then drove to Burlington, Vermont and back. On their return the police questioned the defendant and indicated that he was a suspect in the robbery case. Later that evening the defendant met one of the residents of 90 Stark Avenue. He told her that the police suspected that he had committed a robbery near the house the evening before and that evidence did point to him. He asked her to tell the police he had come to 90 Stark Avenue about seven o’clock and not to say that he had been running.

Four days later, the police arrested the defendant. Thereafter he asked Miss Haynes not to tell the police that he had gone to 90 Stark Avenue after returning from Maine on April 2 and to tell them that she did not believe the defendant had had much money that day.

In the meantime, the police had examined the garbage deposited by the residents of 90 Stark Avenue on April 1. In it they found a bag similar to the one the robber had taken from the Brooks Pharmacy. Evidence indicated that three other stores nearby used a different type of bag.

Turning from these facts to the legal issues in the case, the defendant’s first assignment of error is the trial court’s ruling allowing the State to ask the defendant’s mother the following question, eliciting the following reply:

“Q. What was the incident in which Captain Rowe used the words robbery or armed robbery?
A. It was an incident in Massachusetts.”

Later testimony by the mother confirmed that answer and indicated that the defendant “was aware of that incident in Massachusetts.”

The defendant’s concern over the possibility of such testimony began before trial with a motion in limine. The court granted it by ordering the State “not to mention” through its witnesses any information about the “Massachusetts robbery for which the defendant was arrested on July 30, 1981.” The defendant contends that the testimony quoted violated that order and injected harmful prejudice requiring a new trial. The State argues that the trial judge correctly held that despite the ruling in limine, the defendant had “opened the door” to the questions and answers in issue here.

In questioning both the mother and the police officer who had spoken with her, the State observed the ruling in limine with [530]*530extreme caution and sought no testimony about the officer’s reference to the charge of armed robbery in Massachusetts. Neither the mother nor the officer testified that the officer had mentioned a robbery when he spoke to the mother. Each testified that the officer had mentioned a disturbance in Dover. The mother testified that she had described the officer’s inquiry accurately to the defendant.

The State then elicited testimony from Miss Haynes, that when the defendant had returned from his house to the car to go to Maine he had said that he had learned that the police wished to question him “in an armed robbery case.” The evidence thus indicated that the defendant would not have known that the disturbance had been a robbery unless he had committed it. Further testimony, that no news of a robbery had come over the car radio, confirmed that conclusion.

At that point the defense wished to counter the foregoing evidence by proving that the mother would have referred to an “armed robbery” in accurately relaying to the defendant what the officer had said. The transcript indicates that defense counsel was acutely aware of what would happen next, when the State would seek to elicit further testimony that an accurate rendition of the officer’s remark about armed robbery would have referred to a Massachusetts armed robbery, and would not have led the defendant to identify that robbery with the disturbance that the officer wished to talk about.

Following extensive colloquies on the consequences of such testimony, the defense presented the mother’s testimony that the officer had referred to an armed robbery. The judge then ruled that the defense had “opened up the door to the question of a robbery in Massachusetts” and that he would allow the State to question the mother about it. The testimony quoted above was the result.

In considering the court’s ruling we begin by agreeing that a reference to an association between the defendant and an armed robbery unrelated to the charge in question would have been prejudicial and of no apparent probative value when standing alone. See State v. LaBranche, 118 N.H. 176, 395 A.2d 108 (1978). The original ruling in limine to exclude any such references was clearly correct.

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Bluebook (online)
484 A.2d 1095, 125 N.H. 527, 1984 N.H. LEXIS 401, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-crosman-nh-1984.