[Cite as State v. Clegg, 2021-Ohio-2736.]
COURT OF APPEALS DELAWARE COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
STATE OF OHIO JUDGES: Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. John W. Wise, J. -vs- Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 LOUIS H. CLEGG, JR.
Defendant-Appellant OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 19 CR I 12 0809
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: August 9, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
HAWKEN FLANAGAN MICHAEL A. MARROCCO ASSISTANT PROSECUTOR 98 North Union Street 145 North Union Street, 3rd Floor Delaware, Ohio 43015 Delaware, Ohio 43015 Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant Louis H. Clegg, Jr. appeals his conviction on one count of Rape
entered in the Delaware County Court of Common Pleas following a jury trial.
{¶2} Appellee is the state of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE
{¶3} The relevant facts and procedural history are as follows:
{¶4} On October 12, 2019, the victim in this case, T.M., went to Clancey's Pub in
downtown Delaware, Ohio. (T. at 171). She went to the bar by herself but was planning
on meeting a friend there. Id. She drove to the bar around 6:00 p.m. However, she first
went the Backstretch, the bar next door, to use their Wi-Fi and had a drink. (T at 173).
She went back and forth between the two establishments throughout the evening.
{¶5} Shortly after 6:00 p.m., T.M. reached out to Appellant Louis H. Clegg, Jr. via
Facebook messenger and invited him to join her. (T at 174, 362). T.M. and Appellant
had communicated via text in the past while playing Pokemon go games, however, it had
been approximately a year prior to Appellant reaching out to her via text, the day before
on October 11, 2019. (T at 169).
{¶6} T.M. had a ride that was supposed to pick her up that night, however, her
ride fell through. (T at 174). T.M. sporadically exchanged messages with Appellant
throughout the evening asking him to give her a ride. (T at 176).
{¶7} At 6:11 p.m. T.M. sent Appellant a text stating "[N]ot gonna lie, I'm pretty
drunk alrwady" (sic). T.M. continued to drink after her friend left and went home. In her
Facebook messenger texts to Appellant, T.M. stated she was "drunk," that she was
"fucked up," and that she "couldn't see straight." (T. at 180, 191). Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 3
{¶8} T.M. and Appellant's recitation of the facts differ as to how T.M. ultimately
arrived at Appellant’s house.
{¶9} T.M. states Appellant messaged her later in the evening, drove to downtown
Delaware and picked her up. She claims Appellant’s drove her in his car where they
talked on and off on the way back to his home. (T. at 177). T.M. testified that her
recollection of the events that took place at Appellant’s house are "blurry." (T. at 198).
She stated that she has virtually no memory of the events. She thinks they talked, then
she thinks they moved to the couch. (T. at 198). At some point she fell asleep and woke
up on the floor with her jeans off but underwear on, with Appellant on the couch. (T. at
199).
She asked Appellant why her pants were off, and he said "Because I was touching you.
And I know it was wrong, but I did it anyway." (T. at 199). She stated that she then went
to the bathroom, put her jeans back on, collected her belongings and left at around 3:00
a.m. (T. at 200, 201). She walked to her car and drove away. She told the jury she never
told Appellant that she wanted to engage in sexual activity. (T. at 203).
{¶10} Appellant testified that T.M. came over around midnight. He testified that
T.M. walked to his residence, he invited her in and got her a blanket because she was
shivering from the cold night. (T. at 366). He stated that she came in and took her shoes
off and sat in a chair. He recalled that they started to talk and that at points throughout
the conversation between the two, T.M. told him that she was not that drunk. (T. at 364).
Appellant told the jury that T.M. began "cozying up" to him, making all sorts of innuendo,
and at one point telling him she would "ride the heck out of you." (T. at 363, 367).
Appellant claims that T.M. led him away from the couch, around the coffee table and Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 4
removed her jeans. (T. at 368). Appellant stated that he spread out a blanket on the floor,
and that he and T.M. engaged in consensual sex at around 2:00 a.m. (T. at 364, 370,
374). He stated that T.M. fell asleep on the floor with a blanket. (T. at 363). Appellant
said that T.M. woke up an hour later freaking out, got dressed, gathered her stuff and
left.
{¶11} After she left Appellant’s house, T.M. drove herself to Grady Memorial
Hospital for a sexual assault exam. The Delaware Police Department was notified, and
T.M. was initially interviewed by Officer Bell, and then Detective Bolen.
{¶12} Detective Michael Bolen testified that he was on-call on October 13, 2019,
and he initially met with T.M. that morning at Grady Memorial Hospital. (T. at 277-279).
He described the steps of his investigation, which included an interview of Appellant and
the collection of Facebook Messenger records and security camera images from
Appellant's home. (T. at 283-284, 288-289). A recording of Detective Bolen's interview
with Appellant was played for the jury. (T. at 286). During the interview, Appellant initially
denied that T.M. was at his home during the overnight hours between October 12 and
13, 2019. After Detective Bolen showed Appellant Facebook Messenger communication
between Appellant and T.M., Appellant admitted that she was at his home during the
time period in question. Appellant further acknowledged "fondling" T.M.'s vagina and
acknowledged that he had engaged in vaginal intercourse with her. Appellant described
T.M. as "staggering" when she came to his house, and he stated "I was thinking in the
back of my head, Louis ... just don't do anything stupid. Don't do anything stupid. Then,
a couple of hours go by and I was like ... still feeling really frisky ... and I'm like 'you know
what, screw it.' This is a decision we'll have to live with." Appellant also stated "Was it a Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 5
bad decision because she was intoxicated? One hundred ten thousand percent very bad
decision."
{¶13} On December 13, 2019, Appellant Louis H. Clegg, Jr. was indicted by a
Delaware County Grand Jury on two counts of Rape, in violation of R.C. §2907.01. Both
counts are identical but for language in Count Two stating, "in a separate incident as
alleged in Count One."
{¶14} The matter was initially set for a jury trial to commence on March 10, 2020,
but was later continued until June 23, 2020.
{¶15} On February 28, 2020, Appellant filed a Motion to Suppress, with the matter
set for hearing on March 30, 2020. The hearing was reset for April 24, 2020, then to May
22, 2020.
{¶16} On June 2, 2020, Appellant’s motion to suppress was denied.
{¶17} On April 16, 2020, counsel filed a motion to compel production of the
discovery requested in Defendant's second request for discovery. The matter was set
for hearing on May 1, 2020, but the motion was ultimately withdrawn after the material
requested was provided by the State.
{¶18} On June 15, 2020, Appellant filed a Request for a Bill of Particulars, which
was denied as untimely filed because the trial was scheduled for June 23, 2020.
{¶19} On June 22, 2020, the trial date was continued again, this time at the State's
request, moving the matter to August 25, 2020. There was no renewal for a bill of
particulars made. Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 6
{¶20} A jury trial commenced on August 25, 2020. At the conclusion of the trial,
following deliberations, the jury found Appellant guilty of Count 2. The jury returned a not
guilty verdict as to Count 1.
{¶21} On August 31, 2020, the trial court sentenced Appellant to serve an indefinite
term of imprisonment with a minimum term of five (5) years and a maximum term of
seven and a half (7½) years.
{¶22} Appellant now appeals, assigning the following error for review:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶23} “I. APPELLANT'S CONVICTION IS NOT SUSTAINED BY THE EVIDENCE
AND IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶24} “II. THE COURT ERRED IN ITS DENIAL OF APPELLANT'S REQUEST
FOR A BILL OF PARTICULARS.
{¶25} “III. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL.”
I.
{¶26} In his first assignment of error, Appellant argues that his conviction is against
the manifest weight and sufficiency of the evidence. We disagree.
{¶27} The legal concepts of sufficiency of the evidence and weight of the evidence
are both quantitatively and qualitatively different. State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380,
1997-Ohio-52, 678 N.E.2d 541, paragraph two of the syllabus. The standard of review
for a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence is set forth in State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio
St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991) at paragraph two of the syllabus, in which the Ohio
Supreme Court held, “An appellate court's function when reviewing the sufficiency of the
evidence to support a criminal conviction is to examine the evidence admitted at trial to Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 7
determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average mind of the
defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The relevant inquiry is whether, after
viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any rational trier of fact
could have found the essential elements of the crime proven beyond a reasonable
doubt.”
{¶28} In determining whether a conviction is against the manifest weight of the
evidence, the court of appeals functions as the “thirteenth juror,” and after “reviewing the
entire record, weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the
credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the
jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the
conviction must be overturned and a new trial ordered.” State v. Thompkins, supra, 78
Ohio St.3d at 387. Reversing a conviction as being against the manifest weight of the
evidence and ordering a new trial should be reserved for only the “exceptional case in
which the evidence weighs heavily against the conviction.” Id.
{¶29} In the instant case, Appellant was convicted of Rape, pursuant to R.C.
§2907.02(A)(1)(c), which provides in relevant part:
No person shall engage in sexual conduct with another when the
other person's ability to resist or consent is substantially impaired because
of a mental or physical condition, and the offender knows or has reasonable
cause to believe that the other person's ability to resist or consent is
substantially impaired because of a mental or physical condition.
{¶30} At trial, the jury heard testimony from the victim T.M., Officer Stephen Bell,
SANE nurse Jason Miller, BCI forensic scientist Allison Gapinksi, Det. Michael Bolen, Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 8
forensic computer scientist Charles Curtin, Tesla Reed (friend of the victim), and
Appellant.
{¶31} The victim testified that on the evening of October 12, 2019, she drank
throughout the evening, became intoxicated, and needing a ride, reached out to
Appellant. (T. at 171-180). In her text messages to Appellant the victim communicated
that she was “fucked up” and that she “couldn’t see straight.” (T. at 180). She testified
that after Appellant picked her up at the bar, he gave her a ride to his house, where she
recalled talking for a while and then falling asleep on the couch. (T. at 198). She testified
that when she woke up, she found herself on the floor and her pants had been removed.
(T. at 198-199). When she asked Appellant why her pants were off, Appellant stated
“Because I was touching you. And I know it was wrong, but I did it anyway.” (T. at 199).
The victim testified that she got dressed, left Appellant’s residence, located her car and
drove herself to Grady Memorial Hospital. (T. at 199-200).
{¶32} Jason Miller, a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE), testified that he
performed the victim’s sexual assault examination and how and what samples were
collected. (T. at 237-245).
{¶33} Forensic Scientist Allison Gapinksi testified that she conducted the analysis
of the samples collected during the sexual assault examination. (T. at 254). She
explained the DNA analysis process and stated that her findings confirmed that
Appellant’s DNA was found on the swabs collected from the victim’s vaginal area. (T. at
258-260).
{¶34} Detective Michael Bolen testified as to his interview with the victim at the
hospital, the investigation process, security images collected from Appellant’s residence, Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 9
the Facebook messenger records, and his interview with Appellant. (T. at 277-279, 283-
284, 288-289). During the interview, Appellant initially denied that the victim was at his
home on the night/morning of October 12-13, 2019. After being shown the Facebook
messages sent back and forth between he and the victim, Appellant admitted that the
victim was at his house during that time period and described her as staggering when
she arrived. Appellant also admitted to “fondling” the victim’s vagina and of engaging in
vaginal intercourse with her. As set forth above, Appellant stated “I was thinking in the
back of my head, Louis … just don’t do anything stupid. Don’t do anything stupid. Then,
a couple of hours go by and I was like … still feeling frisky … and I’m like ‘you know
what, screw it.’ This is a decision we’ll have to live with.” He then stated “Was it a bad
decision because she was intoxicated? One hundred ten thousand percent very bad
decision.” The interview with Appellant was played for the jury. (T. at 286).
{¶35} The jury also heard testimony from Appellant and his version of the events
that transpired.
{¶36} It is well-established that the weight of the evidence and the credibility of the
witnesses are determined by the trier of fact. State v. Yarbrough, 95 Ohio St.3d 227,
231, 2002-Ohio-2126, 767 N.E.2d 216.
{¶37} The jury as the trier of fact was free to accept or reject any and all of the
evidence offered by the parties and assess the witness's credibility. “While the trier of
fact may take note of the inconsistencies and resolve or discount them accordingly * * *
such inconsistencies do not render defendant's conviction against the manifest weight
or sufficiency of the evidence.” State v. Craig, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 99AP–739, 1999
WL 29752 (Mar 23, 2000) citing State v. Nivens, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 95APA09–1236, Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 10
1996 WL 284714 (May 28, 1996). Indeed, the trier of fact need not believe all of a
witness’ testimony, but may accept only portions of it as true. State v. Raver, 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 02AP–604, 2003–Ohio–958, ¶ 21, citing State v. Antill, 176 Ohio St. 61, 67,
197 N.E.2d 548 (1964); State v. Burke, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 02AP–1238, 2003–Ohio–
2889, citing State v. Caldwell, 79 Ohio App.3d 667, 607 N.E.2d 1096 (4th Dist. 1992).
Although the evidence may have been circumstantial, we note that circumstantial
evidence has the same probative value as direct evidence. State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d
259, 272, 574 N.E.2d 492 (1991), paragraph one of the syllabus, superseded by State
constitutional amendment on other grounds as stated in State v. Smith, 80 Ohio St.3d
89, 102 at n.4, 684 N.E.2d 668 (1997).
{¶38} Based on the record, we find Appellant's conviction is supported by sufficient
evidence.
{¶39} We further find that this is not an “ ‘exceptional case in which the evidence
weighs heavily against the conviction.’ ” Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387, quoting
Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d at 175. The jury neither lost its way nor created a miscarriage of
justice in convicting Appellant of rape, and Appellee presented evidence of his guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt.
{¶40} Appellant's first assignment of error is overruled.
II.
{¶41} In his second assignment of error, Appellant argues the trial court erred in
denying his request for a bill of particulars.
{¶42} Pursuant to Crim.R. 7(E), a motion for a bill of particulars must be filed within
twenty-one (21) days after arraignment but not later than seven (7) days prior to trial. Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 11
The purpose of a bill of particulars is to inform the accused of the exact nature of the
charges against him so that he has an adequate opportunity to prepare a defense. State
v. Fowler (1963), 174 Ohio St. 362, 189 N.E.2d 133.
{¶43} Here, Appellant's request for a bill of particulars was not filed within twenty-
one days after arraignment. Rather, it was filed on June 15, 2020, approximately six (6)
days before the trial was set to commence on June 23, 2020. Therefore, Appellant’s
request for a bill of particulars was not timely filed, and the trial court did not err in denying
same. While the trial did end up being continued, Appellant did not renew his request for
a bill of particulars.
{¶44} Furthermore, we conclude that any error in this case would be harmless, at
most, and would not have affected the outcome of the case. While Appellant asserts that
he was not apprised of the charges against him with the required degree of specificity,
he cannot show that his ability to prepare a defense to the charges was hampered in any
way by the failure of the State to provide a bill of particulars.
{¶45} No evidence has been presented, or suggested, by Appellant that he was
unaware that “sexual conduct” alleged in the two Rape counts in the indictment were
based on vaginal intercourse and/or vaginal penetration. Appellant himself admitted to
the sexual conduct, asserting however that the sexual conduct was consensual.
{¶46} The indictment in this case largely tracked the language of the applicable
statutes and included all of the essential elements of the offenses charged. Crim.R. 7(B).
Appellant has not demonstrated that the lack of a bill of particulars affected his
substantial rights. Therefore, the error must be disregarded. Crim.R. 52(A).
{¶47} Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled. Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 12
III.
{¶48} In his third assignment of error, Appellant argues that he was denied the
effective assistance of counsel. We disagree.
{¶49} To succeed on a claim of ineffectiveness, a defendant must satisfy a two-
prong test. Initially, a defendant must show that trial counsel acted incompetently. See,
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052 (1984). In assessing such
claims, “a court must indulge a strong presumption that counsel's conduct falls within the
wide range of reasonable professional assistance; that is, the defendant must overcome
the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action ‘might be
considered sound trial strategy.’ ” Id. at 689, citing Michel v. Louisiana, 350 U.S. 91, 101,
76 S.Ct. 158 (1955).
{¶50} “There are countless ways to provide effective assistance in any given case.
Even the best criminal defense attorneys would not defend a particular client in the same
way.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 689. The question is whether counsel acted “outside the
wide range of professionally competent assistance.” Id. at 690.
{¶51} Even if a defendant shows that counsel was incompetent, the defendant
must then satisfy the second prong of the Strickland test. Under this “actual prejudice”
prong, the defendant must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for
counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”
Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694.
{¶52} Appellant alleges he received ineffective assistance of defense trial counsel
in several instances, and we will examine each in turn. Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 13
Bill of particulars
{¶53} As set forth above in Assignment of Error II, we find that Appellant has not
shown any prejudice as a result of the lack of a bill of particulars in this case. Appellant
was not challenging the conduct that took place, rather he claimed that such conduct
was consensual. As such, we do not find counsel’s failure to make a timely request for a
bill of particulars resulted in ineffective assistance of counsel.
Hearsay testimony from Officer Stephen Bell
{¶54} Appellant argues his counsel should have objected to certain hearsay
statements made by Officer Stephen Bell regarding a summary of the statements the
victim made at the hospital describing what had happened at Appellant’s home.
{¶55} Upon review, we find that the jury heard the same statements and
description of what occurred from the victim on direct examination and cross-
examination. We therefore find no prejudice as a result of counsel’s failure to object to
same.
SANE report
{¶56} Appellant also argues counsel was ineffective in failing to object to the
introduction of the SANE report.
{¶57} Evid.R. 803(4) allows, as an exception to the hearsay rule, the admission of
“[s]tatements made for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment and describing
medical history, or past or present symptoms, pain, or sensations, or the inception or
general character of the cause or external source thereof insofar as reasonably pertinent
to diagnosis or treatment.” The staff notes to the rule provide in pertinent part: Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 14
The circumstantial guaranty of trustworthiness of this exception is
derived from the assumption that a person will be truthful about his physical
condition to a physician because of the risk of harmful treatment resulting
from untruthful statements. * * * The exception is limited to those statements
made by the patient which are reasonably pertinent to an accurate
diagnosis and should not be a conduit through which matters of no medical
significance would be admitted. Staff Notes to Evid.R. 803(4).
{¶58} “The test under Evid.R. 803(4) goes solely to whether a statement was made
for purposes of medical diagnosis or treatment. If a statement is made for purposes of
diagnosis or treatment, it is admissible pursuant to Evid.R. 803(4).” State v. Dever, 64
Ohio St.3d 401, 414, 1992-Ohio-41, 596 N.E.2d 436.
{¶59} We further find that the victim’s statements contained in the report were
again the same as the testimony presented by the victim, therefore no prejudice resulted
from same.
Leading questions
{¶60} While Appellant claims that the State used leading questions during the
questioning of its witnesses, Appellant fails to cite this Court to any specific instances in
the transcript or any prejudice that resulted therefrom.
{¶61} Based on the foregoing, we do not find that “there is a reasonable probability
that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have
been different.” Delaware County, Case No. 20 CAA 09 0035 15
{¶62} Appellant’s third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶63} For the forgoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas of
Delaware County, Ohio, is affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Hoffman, J., concur.
JWW/kw 0803