An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.
NO. COA13-1384 NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS Filed: 16 September 2014 STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA
Brunswick County v. Nos. 08 CRS 52588, 3040, 11 CRS 1781
CREIG WIAND BRYANT
Appeal by defendant from judgments entered 17 September
2012 by Judge Thomas H. Lock in Brunswick County Superior Court.
Heard in the Court of Appeals 8 May 2014.
Attorney General Roy Cooper, by Special Deputy Attorney General Jonathan P. Babb, for the State.
Appellate Defender Staples Hughes, by Assistant Appellate Defender Paul M. Green, for Defendant.
ERVIN, Judge.
Defendant Creig Wiand Bryant appeals from judgments
sentencing him to consecutive terms of imprisonment based upon
his convictions for robbery with a dangerous weapon, conspiracy
to commit murder, and first degree murder. On appeal, Defendant
argues that the trial court erred by refusing to admit certain
evidence on hearsay-related grounds and to allow Defendant to
have access to certain documents. In addition, Defendant argues
that we should either grant the motion for appropriate relief -2- that he has filed on appeal or remand this case to the trial
court for an evidentiary hearing. After careful consideration
of Defendant’s challenges to the trial court’s judgments in
light of the record and the applicable law, we conclude that the
trial court’s judgments should remain undisturbed.
I. Factual Background
A. Substantive Facts
1. State’s Evidence
On 30 May 2007, Delphia and Howard Bryant sold three acres
of real property located at 1820 Stone Chimney Road in Supply to
Defendant. Subsequently, Defendant, who owned a rifle with a
scope, developed financial problems, having borrowed money from
a “loan shark” in order to purchase a tractor-trailer truck.
After incurring that indebtedness, Defendant expressed an
interest in selling the Stone Chimney Road property to Adam
Bradshaw in order to obtain money to repay the “loan sharks,”
who were pressing him for payment. According to the proposed
arrangement between Defendant and Mr. Bradshaw, Mr. Bradshaw
would, after obtaining title, refrain from selling the property;
allow Defendant to repay the purchase price, with interest; and
return title to the property to Defendant at the completion of
the repayment process. -3- Mr. Bradshaw worked as a real estate broker for Century 21
and was known for driving a royal blue Mustang convertible. Mr.
Bradshaw’s Mustang bore a license plate reading “C21King” and a
magnetic sign to which his name, telephone number, and the words
“Century 21” had been affixed. Prior to reaching final
agreement concerning the proposed transaction with Defendant,
Mr. Bradshaw informed Robert Schomp, a co-worker and real estate
broker, that Defendant was seeking to sell the Stone Chimney
Road property quickly and that it could be purchased “dirt
cheap.” Although Mr. Schomp was told that the purchase price
for the Stone Chimney Road property would be $29,000, he
declined to become involved in the proposed transaction out of
“great concern” stemming from the fact that the purchase price
was well below market value.
On 5 December 2007, Mr. Bradshaw purchased the Stone
Chimney Road property from Defendant. H. Mac Tyson, II, who had
an office across from Mr. Bradshaw’s, handled the transaction
for Defendant and Mr. Bradshaw. According to the agreement
between the parties, Defendant was to receive a sales price of
$22,500 and use the proceeds from the sale of the Stone Chimney
Road property to provide a down payment in connection with the
purchase of a separate tract of land. In addition, the parties
agreed that Defendant had the right to repurchase the property -4- from Mr. Bradshaw for $17,500 if the related option was
exercised prior to midnight on 5 June 2008. The agreement
between the parties specifically stated that the sales price was
“well below [the] tax value” given Defendant’s need to make a
“quick cash sale.”
After purchasing the Stone Chimney Road property, Mr.
Bradshaw attempted to sell it. However, Mr. Bradshaw had
trouble selling the property. Mr. Bradshaw’s efforts to sell
the property were hampered by a number of factors, including the
repeated theft of the “for sale” signs posted on the property.
Although Defendant was initially pleased by his arrangement with
Mr. Bradshaw, he became dissatisfied upon learning that Mr.
Bradshaw had put the property on the market since he had agreed
to pay Mr. Bradshaw $1,500 bi-monthly as part of his effort to
repurchase the property.
Defendant’s entire family was upset by the fact that
Defendant had lost ownership of the property.1 Defendant was so
upset that he began stalking Mr. Bradshaw and told Lora
Moultrie, his girlfriend, that he was “going to kill the MF” and
enlisted her help to do so. As part of that process, Ms.
1 Howard and Delphia Bryant recorded a statement in the office of the Brunswick County Register of Deeds on 31 January 2008, stating that the Stone Chimney Road property was not to be sold but rather was to be transferred through the family down the generations. -5- Moultrie persuaded Robert Stanley to notarize a quitclaim deed
transferring the property from Mr. Bradshaw to Defendant, an act
that was effectuated without either party being present. This
deed was recorded on 1 February 2008.
Ms. Moultrie called Mr. Bradshaw on 16 April 2008 to
discuss selling an abandoned green home owned by her sister
located on Watts Road. Although Ms. Moultrie planned to meet
with Mr. Bradshaw on 24 April 2008 for the purpose of viewing
the property, Mr. Bradshaw canceled their appointment due to
illness. Subsequently, Ms. Moultrie called Mr. Bradshaw at
approximately 4:00 p.m. on 26 April 2008 for the purpose of
arranging a meeting with Mr. Bradshaw at the Watts Road home.
However, Ms. Moultrie did not plan to attend this meeting given
that it had been arranged to get Mr. Bradshaw to come to the
Watts Road home so that Defendant could kill him.
On 26 April 2008, Defendant drove a white pickup truck to
the residence of Christy Hughes, where he picked Ms. Hughes up.
At that time, Defendant told Ms. Hughes that he needed to go
somewhere to meet a friend. After Defendant and Ms. Hughes
arrived at the Watts Road property, Defendant gave Ms. Hughes
the keys to his truck and his telephone, told her to leave the
area, and informed her that he would notify her when it was time
for her to return and pick him up. Before leaving the Watts -6- Road property, Ms. Hughes overheard Defendant speaking to Ms.
Moultrie on the phone for the purpose of asking when “he” was
going to show up.
Subsequently, Defendant called Ms. Moultrie to tell her
that Mr. Bradshaw had not arrived. As a result, Ms. Moultrie
called Mr. Bradshaw to find out why he had not kept the
scheduled appointment. During that conversation, Mr. Bradshaw
stated that, while he was going to be a little late, he still
intended to come to the Watts Road property. In light of that
fact, Ms. Moultrie called Defendant at 4:59 p.m. for the purpose
of informing him that Mr. Bradshaw was on his way.
As he traveled to Watts Road, Mr. Bradshaw spoke with Mr.
Schomp, who had called him at 5:11 p.m. after noticing that Mr.
Bradshaw was driving on Four Mile Road. During that
conversation, Mr. Bradshaw told Mr. Schomp that he had an
appointment on Watts Road. A number of other individuals saw
Mr. Bradshaw signaling for a turn from Four Mile Road onto Watts
Road or having parked his vehicle close to the Moultrie home on
Watts Road.
At least two hours after Ms. Hughes left him at the Watts
Road property, Defendant called Ms. Hughes and asked her to pick
him from a different location. After being retrieved by Ms.
Hughes, Defendant returned home to Ms. Moultrie, where he told -7- her that he had killed Mr. Bradshaw. According to Defendant, he
went to the home of a man that Ms. Moutrie did not know named
Chuck, could not get a clean view of Mr. Bradshaw through the
scope of his rifle given that Mr. Bradshaw would not stay still,
and that Chuck had shot Mr. Bradshaw in the back of the head.
At that point, Defendant told Ms. Moultrie that he and Chuck had
dragged Mr. Bradshaw’s body to the end of the road and covered
it with leaves and straw.
Subsequently, Defendant and Ms. Moultrie went to the Watts
Road property, where Ms. Moultrie observed Defendant retrieving
a gun bag from a wooded area. After their visit to the Watts
Road area, Defendant and Ms. Moultrie went to South Carolina,
where they purchased gas using a credit card that belonged to
the Bradshaw family.
Mr. Bradshaw and his family were supposed to host his
father-in-law and his family for dinner at around 4:45 p.m. on
26 April 2008. Although everyone else had finished dinner by
approximately 7:00 p.m., Mr. Bradshaw’s wife became concerned
because Mr. Bradshaw had failed to come to the planned dinner,
refrained from answering her telephone calls, and did not come
home at all that night. As a result of the fact that no one had
heard anything from Mr. Bradshaw by the following day, his
family contacted the police and filed a missing person’s report. -8- On 29 April 2008, investigating officers went to Watts Road
after determining that Mr. Bradshaw had been in that area on the
last occasion when anyone had seen him. As the investigating
officers drove down Watts Road, they smelled a pungent odor.
After noticing a pile of debris that appeared to be able to
contain a body, the investigating officers saw a shoe in front
of the debris pile and feet protruding from the rear. Upon
further examination of the debris pile, investigating officers
found Mr. Bradshaw’s body. A subsequent autopsy established
that Mr. Bradshaw died from a gunshot wound to the back of his
head that was probably inflicted by a high-powered rifle bullet.
On 1 May 2008, investigating officers went to the abandoned
home on Watts Road, where they found a pool of blood, what
appeared to be fragments of a human skull, and Defendant’s DNA
on hairs recovered from a mattress next to a broken window. Ms.
Moultrie eventually led the investigating officers to a location
at which they discovered Mr. Bradshaw’s car.
On 8 May 2008, Athakus Bryant brought a slug gun with a
mounted scope to the investigating officers. According to
Athakus Bryant, Defendant had brought the slug gun to his
residence at or about the time that Mr. Bradshaw was murdered
with a request that Athakus Bryant hold the slug gun for a -9- period of time. A few days later, Defendant returned and showed
Athakus Bryant a rifle with a scope.
2. Defense Evidence
Mr. Bradshaw had been seen in Longwood, an area that was
known to have drug-related problems. Mr. Bradshaw smoked
cocaine with and purchased cocaine from Patrick Taylor and
Tamara Kelly. On the Friday before his disappearance, Mr.
Bradshaw purchased cocaine and headed toward Tamara Kelly’s
residence. A witness saw Mr. Taylor and Ms. Kelly driving a
blue Mustang after Mr. Bradshaw’s disappearance had become
public knowledge. As a result of the fact that numerous blue
Mustangs had been seen in the area, the witness could do no more
than say that he thought, but could not confirm, that the
vehicle in which Mr. Taylor and Ms. Kelly were driving after Mr.
Bradshaw’s disappearance had signage referencing Century 21 on
the front bumper. A second witness saw Mr. Taylor and Ms. Kelly
in Mr. Bradshaw’s Mustang on either the Sunday or the Monday
after Mr. Bradshaw’s disappearance and indicated that it was not
unusual to see different people driving Mr. Bradshaw’s car.
Another witness testified that, at approximately 8:30 p.m. on
the Saturday prior to the date upon which Mr. Bradshaw’s body
was discovered, he saw Mr. Taylor and Ms. Kelly in Mr.
Bradshaw’s vehicle. Finally, after the date of Mr. Bradshaw’s -10- disappearance and before the date upon which news coverage
concerning Mr. Bradshaw’s death began to appear, a member of the
Crips gang named Richard Antwan Brown appeared at his cousin’s
residence. Although Mr. Brown usually had a neat and clean
appearance and dressed well, he was excited, in a disheveled
condition, had blood on his left sock, and emitted a foul odor.
B. Procedural Facts
On 1 May 2008, a warrant for arrest charging Defendant with
murder was issued. On 2 June 2008, the Brunswick County grand
jury returned bills of indictment charging Defendant with first
degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder. On 18 April
2011, the Brunswick County grand jury returned a bill of
indictment charging Defendant with robbery with a dangerous
weapon. The charges against Defendant came on for trial at the
20 August 2012 criminal session of the Brunswick County Superior
Court. On 17 September 2012, the jury returned verdicts
convicting Defendant as charged. At the conclusion of the
ensuing sentencing hearing, the trial court entered judgments
sentencing Defendant to a term of life imprisonment without the
possibility of parole based upon his conviction for first degree
murder, to a consecutive term of 180 to 225 months imprisonment
based upon his conviction for conspiracy to commit murder, and
to a consecutive term of 72 to 96 months imprisonment based upon -11- his conviction for robbery with a firearm. Defendant noted an
appeal to this Court from the trial court’s judgments.
II. Legal Analysis
A. Evidentiary Issues
1. Standard of Review
The admissibility of alleged hearsay evidence is a question
of law reviewable using a de novo standard of review. State v.
McLean, 205 N.C. App. 247, 249, 695 S.E.2d 813, 815 (2010).
Under a de novo standard of review, this Court “considers the
matter anew and freely substitutes its own judgment” for that of
the trial court. State v. Williams, 362 N.C. 628, 632-33, 669
S.E.2d 290, 294 (2008). “A defendant is prejudiced by errors
relating to rights arising other than under the Constitution of
the United States when there is a reasonable possibility that,
had the error in question not been committed, a different result
would have been reached at the trial out of which the appeal
arises.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1443(a).2
2. Specific Evidentiary Issues
a. Mr. Brown’s Question 2 Although Defendant argues that the challenged evidentiary rulings violated his federal and state constitutional rights, that set of contentions is not properly before us given that Defendant failed to advance these constitutional arguments before the trial court. State v. Hunter, 305 N.C. 106, 112, 286 S.E.2d 535, 539 (1982) (stating that “a constitutional question which is not raised and passed upon in the trial court will not ordinarily be considered on appeal”). -12- In his first challenge to the trial court’s judgments,
Defendant contends that the trial court erred by excluding
certain testimony on hearsay grounds. More specifically,
Defendant argues that the trial court should have allowed the
admission of evidence to the effect that Ms. Moultrie’s cousin,
Mr. Brown, had asked his cousin, Shamus Bland, if he had heard
anything about a murder. Defendant is not entitled to relief on
the basis of this contention.
According to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 801(c), hearsay
consists of “a statement, other than one made by the declarant
while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to
prove the truth of the matter asserted.” A “statement,” for
hearsay-related purposes, is defined as an “oral or written
assertion.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 801(a). “Out-of-court
statements offered for purposes other than to prove the truth of
the matter asserted are not considered hearsay.” State v.
Golphin, 352 N.C. 364, 440, 533 S.E.2d 168, 219 (2000) (citation
omitted), cert denied, 532 U.S. 931, 121 S. Ct. 1379, 149 L. Ed.
2d 305 (2001).
Although the State argues that, while the excluded comment
took “the form of a question,” it was, in actuality, “an implied
assertion,” the challenged evidence was nothing more or less
than an inquiry concerning the extent to which the other party -13- to a conversation had heard about a murder. Instead of using
this statement for the truth of the matter asserted, Defendant
sought the admission of Mr. Brown’s question for the purpose of
showing that it had been made and arguing that the posing of the
question implied that Mr. Brown had had some involvement in the
commission of Mr. Bradshaw’s murder. However, although the
exclusion of the challenged evidence was error, we are unable to
see that “there is a reasonable possibility that . . . a
different result would have been reached at the trial,” N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 15A-1443(a), in the event that the trial court had
allowed the admission of the evidence in question. Simply put,
the excluded evidence consisted of a vague comment that did not
identify the murder in question, contained no admission of
culpability, and provided no indication that Defendant was not
involved in the death of Mr. Bradshaw. As a result, given the
limited probative value of the excluded evidence and the
strength of the State’s case against Defendant, we conclude that
the trial court’s decision to exclude the challenged evidence,
while erroneous, did not prejudice Defendant’s chances for a
more favorable outcome at trial.
b. Eric Bryant’s Statements
Secondly, Defendant argues that the trial court erred by
excluding evidence concerning statements made by his brother, -14- Eric Bryant, in which, according to Defendant, Eric Bryant
implicated himself in Mr. Bradshaw’s murder. More specifically,
Defendant contends that the trial court should have allowed him
to elicit evidence during his cross-examination of Special Agent
Kelly Oaks of the State Bureau of Investigation concerning
statements that Ms. Moultrie told Special Agent Oaks that Eric
Bryant made to her. Defendant’s argument lacks merit.
At trial, Defendant sought to introduce notes made by
Special Agent Oaks concerning statements made by Ms. Moultrie
during a polygraph examination. During that interview, Ms.
Moultrie stated that Eric Bryant had said that he had “handled
[his] business” and had to “get the f*** out of here,” that Eric
Bryant had “overheard me talking to my sister about meeting
[Mr.] Bradshaw over at her house,” and that Mr. Bradshaw had
“screwed [the] family out of money [and] he was mad about it.”
According to Defendant, the trial court should have allowed the
admission of these statements on the grounds that these
statements were inconsistent with Ms. Moultrie’s trial
testimony; within the confines of the hearsay exceptions for
excited utterances, statement of a then-existing mental or
emotional condition, and statements against interest; or not
hearsay at all. -15- The evidence that Defendant sought to elicit concerning
Eric Bryant’s statements consisted of Ms. Moultrie’s statements
to Special Agent Oaks concerning statements that Eric Bryant
made to her. In view of Defendant’s contention that these
statements tended to exculpate Defendant and inculpate Eric
Bryant, it is clear that Defendant sought to use most, if not
all, of Eric Bryant’s statements for the truth of the matter
asserted. As a result, in order to obtain the admission of
these statements, Defendant was required to show that “each part
of the combined statements conforms to an exception to the
hearsay rule.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 805.
Aside from the fact that Defendant has not, in his brief,
explained how the statements that Ms. Moultrie made to Special
Agent Oaks contradicted Ms. Moultrie’s trial testimony,3 we are
not, for the most part, satisfied that the statements attributed
to Eric Bryant either failed to constitute hearsay or fell
within the scope of any applicable hearsay exception. For
example, Defendant has not explained how any portion of Eric
Bryant’s statements, as recounted by Ms. Moultrie, constituted
“[a] statement describing or explaining an event or condition 3 In view of Defendant’s admission that Ms. Moultrie did not testify concerning the extent to which Eric Bryant overheard her conversation with her sister about meeting Mr. Bradshaw in her trial testimony, we are unable to see how the portion of Ms. Moultrie’s testimony concerning that subject would be relevant for impeachment-related purposes. -16- made while the declarant was perceiving the event or condition,
or immediately thereafter.” N.C. Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule
803(1). Similarly, Defendant has failed to explain how any
portion of Eric Bryant’s statements “relat[ed] to a startling
event or condition made while the declarant was under the stress
of excitement caused by the event or condition.” N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 803(2). Finally, while “[a] statement
tending to expose the declarant to criminal liability is . . .
admissible in a criminal case [if] corroborating circumstances
clearly indicate the trustworthiness of the statement,” N.C.
Gen. Stat. § 8C-1, Rule 804(b)(3), Defendant has failed to
demonstrate the existence of the required “corroborating
circumstances.” See, e.g., State v. Pickens, 346 N.C. 628, 642,
488 S.E.2d 162, 169-70 (1997). As a result, the trial court did
not err by excluding evidence concerning the statements that
Eric Bryant made to Ms. Moultrie.
c. Ms. Moultrie’s Suppression Motion
Thirdly, Defendant contends that the trial court erred by
failing to allow the admission of evidence concerning statements
contained in affidavits submitted in support of Ms. Moultrie’s
motion to suppress statements made during an interview conducted
by investigating officers for the purpose of impeaching her
testimony. More specifically, Defendant contends that the -17- information contained in these affidavits, which were executed
by Ms. Moultrie’s defense counsel, was admissible for the
purpose of challenging the credibility of her trial testimony,
which was consistent with the statements made during this
interview. We do not find Defendant’s contention persuasive.
After being charged with involvement in Mr. Bradshaw’s
murder, Ms. Moultrie moved to suppress her statement to
investigating officers on the grounds that her statement had
resulted from unlawful police coercion. Ms. Moultrie’s
suppression motions, which were accompanied by affidavits
executed by her trial counsel on the basis of information and
belief, asserted that Ms. Moultrie had been threatened,
intimidated, subjected to sleep deprivation, deprived of the
ability to communicate with family members, and told that she
would go to jail in the event that she did not make a statement.
After the State introduced evidence concerning the statements
that Ms. Moultrie made during this interview at Defendant’s
trial for corroborative purposes, Defendant unsuccessfully
sought to cross-examine Ms. Moultrie about the statements
concerning the circumstances surrounding the making of her
original statement contained in her suppression motions and
supporting affidavits. In his brief, Defendant contends that,
since these statements were made in documents signed and filed -18- by her authorized agents, he was entitled to use them for the
purpose of attacking the credibility of her trial testimony.
A careful review of the appellate decisions relating to
this issue establishes that the trial court’s ruling was
consistent with the Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Gell,
351 N.C. 192, 524 S.E.2d 332, cert. denied, 531 U.S. 867, 121 S.
Ct. 163, 148 L. Ed. 2d 110 (2000). In Gell, the defendant
sought to question two witnesses concerning allegations made in
connection with the litigation of suppression motions in which
the witnesses alleged that certain inculpatory statements that
they had previously made to investigating officers had been
obtained by coercion. Id. at 208, 524 S.E.2d at 343. In
rejecting this contention, the Supreme Court held that the
“motions to suppress and supporting affidavits were inadmissible
hearsay,” that the “trial court correctly prohibited defendant
from questioning [the witnesses] regarding the specific
documents filed on their behalf in their individual cases,” and
that “defendant was not prevented from impeaching the witnesses
by questioning them about the voluntariness of their
statements.” Id. at 209, 524 S.E.2d at 343. Although Defendant
attempts to distinguish Gell on the basis of a contention that
the Court’s holding conflicted with decisions made in prior
cases, we believe that the decisions upon which Defendant relies -19- are factually distinguishable from Gell. In addition, even if a
conflict of the type that Defendant posits actually exists, we
are bound by the most recent authority from the Supreme Court
relevant to any particular issue, which Defendant, in this
instance, appears to concede to be Gell. State v. Whitaker, 201
N.C. App. 190, 201-02, 689 S.E.2d 395, 402 (2009) (holding that
“we do not have authority to overrule decisions of the Supreme
Court”), aff’d, 364 N.C. 404, 700 S.E.2d 215 (2010). As a
result, the trial court did not err by precluding Defendant from
cross-examining Ms. Moultrie concerning the contents of the
suppression motion and supporting affidavits that were signed
and filed by her trial counsel.
B. In Camera Review
Next, Defendant has requested that this Court review
certain documents that the trial court declined, after an in
camera review, to order be provided to Defendant for the purpose
of ascertaining if they contained exculpatory information that
should have been disclosed to Defendant prior to trial. We
conduct such reviews on a de novo basis, State v. Tadeja, 191
N.C. App. 439, 449, 664 S.E.2d 402, 410 (2008), with our
practice being to “examine the sealed records to determine if
they contain information that is ‘both favorable to the accused
and material [to either] his guilt or punishment.’” State v. -20- McGill, 141 N.C. App. 98, 101-02, 539 S.E.2d 351, 355 (2000)
(alteration in original) (quoting Pennsylvania v. Ritchie, 480
U.S. 39, 57, 107 S. Ct. 989, 1001, 94 L. Ed. 2d 40, 57 (1987)).
After carefully reviewing the sealed information, we conclude
that the trial court did not err by refusing to order that any
of the information contained in the documents in question be
disclosed to Defendant prior to trial.
C. Motion for Appropriate Relief
On 25 March 2014, Defendant filed a motion for appropriate
relief with this Court pursuant to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-
1418(a). In his motion, Defendant alleges that the State
unlawfully failed to inform him of the existence of evidence
that he believes to have been in its possession at the time of
or prior to trial and requests that we either vacate his
convictions or remand this case to the trial court for an
evidentiary hearing. After carefully reviewing Defendant’s
motion and the attached supporting materials, we conclude that
Defendant’s motion for appropriate relief should be denied.
As we have already noted, Defendant presented evidence
tending to suggest that individuals other than Defendant
murdered Mr. Bradshaw. For example, Defendant elicited
evidence tending to show that Mr. Brown was seen after Mr.
Bradshaw’s death in a disheveled condition with blood on one of -21- his socks. Similarly, Defendant elicited evidence tending to
show that Mr. Taylor and Ms. Kelly were seen in possession of
Mr. Bradshaw’s automobile on a number of occasions after the
murder. In response to this second defense contention,
investigating officers interviewed Mr. Taylor, who led them to a
second blue Mustang that was similar to the one that Mr.
Bradshaw had owned. More specifically, Mr. Bradshaw owned a
2007 Mustang with a black convertible top while the other
vehicle was a 2008 Mustang with a beige convertible top.4
In rebuttal, Mr. Taylor testified that, despite having
lived in Longwood for his entire life, he had never seen Mr.
Bradshaw or Mr. Bradshaw’s vehicle. According to Mr. Taylor,
Aleisha Faircloth owned the blue Mustang with a cream-colored
top. Mr. Taylor had been in the back of Ms. Faircloth’s Mustang
while it had been parked in his driveway on one or more
occasions.
Subsequently, Defendant sought to determine how the
investigating officers could have known that Ms. Faircloth’s
vehicle was a 2008, rather than a 2007, model. As the result of
a title and vehicle history information search performed by a
defense investigator, Defendant located documentation tending to
suggest that the certificate of origin associated with Ms. 4 Photographs of the 2008 blue Mustang were admitted into evidence as State’s Exhibit Nos. 193 and 194. -22- Faircloth’s vehicle had been issued in Dearborn, Michigan, on 25
April 2008; that the vehicle had been assigned to a dealership
in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, at that time; that the vehicle had
been purchased by a rental car dealership in Charlotte on 29
April 2008; that the vehicle had been transferred to Ford Motor
Credit on 10 December 2008; that the vehicle had been
transferred to Quality Motor in Whiteville on 23 December 2008;
and that the vehicle was purchased by a couple residing in Ash
on 23 December 2008. Based upon this evidence, Defendant
contends that, since Ms. Faircloth’s Mustang could not have been
in Brunswick County during the time in which the murder
occurred, the State was or should have been aware of this fact;
and that he is entitled to relief from his convictions based
upon the State’s failure to disclose this evidence.
1. Statutory Grounds for Relief
As an initial matter, Defendant directs our attention to
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-903(a)(1), which requires the State, upon
request, to “make available to the defendant the complete files
of all law enforcement agencies, investigatory agencies, and
prosecutors’ offices involved in the investigation of the crimes
committed or the prosecution of the defendant,” and N.C. Gen.
Stat. § 15A-907, which makes this disclosure obligation a
continuing one. However, statutory violations such as those -23- alleged to have occurred in this instance are not cognizable in
a motion for appropriate relief made more than ten days after
the entry of judgment. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1415(b). As a
result, given that Defendant’s motion for appropriate relief was
filed more than ten days after the entry of judgment, he is not
entitled to relief from his convictions on the basis of alleged
violations of N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 15A-903(a)(1) and 15A-907.
2. Presentation of False Evidence
Secondly, Defendant contends that the State’s conduct
amounted to the knowing presentation of misleading testimony in
violation of his federal and state constitutional right to due
process. Assuming, without deciding, that the non-disclosure of
the evidence described in Defendant’s motion for appropriate
relief constituted the knowing use of false evidence, we do not
believe that Defendant is entitled to relief from his
convictions on the basis of this contention.
In Napue v. Illinois, 360 U.S. 264, 265, 79 S. Ct. 1173,
1175, 3 L. Ed. 2d 1217, 1219 (1959), the United States Supreme
Court addressed the issue of whether “the failure of the
prosecutor to correct the testimony of the witness which he knew
to be false denied petitioner due process of law in violation of
the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States” and held that “a conviction obtained through use of -24- false evidence, known to be such by representatives of the
State, must fall under the Fourteenth Amendment” regardless of
whether the false evidence which the State knowingly presented
was relevant to the issue of the defendant’s guilt or “the
credibility of the witness.” Id. at 269, 79 S. Ct. at 1177, 3
L. Ed. 2d at 1221. Similarly, this Court has held that the
“[k]nowing use by the prosecution of materially false testimony
violates a defendant’s right to a fair trial.”5 State v. Morgan,
60 N.C. App. 614, 622, 299 S.E.2d 823, 828 (1983).
“The United States Supreme Court has established the
standard of materiality under which the knowing use of perjured
testimony requires a conviction to be set aside if there is any
reasonable likelihood that the false testimony could have
affected the judgment of the jury.” State v. Call, 349 N.C.
382, 405, 508 S.E.2d 496, 511 (1998) (quotation marks omitted)
(quoting State v. Sanders, 327 N.C. 319, 336, 395 S.E.2d 412,
424 (1990)).
In attempting to persuade us that the allegedly false
evidence that the State presented at trial was material,
Defendant argues that the evidence in question “deprived 5 In his motion for appropriate relief, Defendant does not appear to allege that the State made knowing use of false evidence. Instead, Defendant simply argues that he was “deprived of his right to due process of law by the false impression created at his trial.” Morgan, 60 N.C. App. at 623, 299 S.E.2d at 829. -25- [Defendant] of a strong jury argument that its witnesses saw
exactly what they believed they had seen – Adam Bradshaw’s
Mustang in Longwood, after the murder, under the control of
persons unrelated to the defendant.” We do not find Defendant’s
argument persuasive for a number of reasons.
As an initial matter, the State’s case against Defendant
was a strong one. Among other things, the State elicited
evidence tending to show that Defendant, unlike either Mr.
Taylor or Mr. Brown, had a strong motive for wanting to kill Mr.
Bradshaw. In addition, Ms. Moultrie testified that Defendant
had made statements about wanting to kill Mr. Bradshaw, had had
her arrange a meeting between himself and Mr. Bradshaw on the
evening on which Mr. Bradshaw was killed, and claimed to have
been involved in killing Mr. Bradshaw after the murder. A
number of witnesses without any apparent motive to testify
falsely stated that Defendant had been dropped off at the
location at which the meeting with Mr. Bradshaw was supposed to
occur, that Mr. Bradshaw had an appointment at the same time and
location specified in Ms. Moultrie’s testimony, and that Mr.
Bradshaw went to the location at which the meeting was scheduled
to occur at the time at which Defendant was shown to have been
present. In addition, the record evidence reflects that Mr.
Bradshaw was killed at the location at which he was supposed to -26- meet Defendant, that Defendant’s DNA was present in the vicinity
of the location at which Mr. Bradshaw was killed, that Mr.
Bradshaw’s body was disposed of in the manner described in his
admission to Ms. Moultrie, and that Defendant owned a weapon
that was capable of inflicting the wounds that caused Mr.
Bradshaw’s death. As a result, the State’s case against
Defendant was a strong one.
In addition, the fact that Mr. Taylor was seen driving Mr.
Bradshaw’s vehicle after the murder does not tend to exculpate
Defendant. The record is devoid of any evidence tending to show
how Mr. Taylor might have obtained possession of Mr. Bradshaw’s
car. In addition, the record contains evidence that Defendant
might not have been alone at the time that Mr. Bradshaw was
murdered. As a result, the record does not establish that any
involvement in Mr. Bradshaw’s murder that Mr. Taylor might have
had was exclusive of Defendant’s involvement in the commission
of that crime.
Finally, Mr. Taylor did not indicate a specific time in
which he rode in Ms. Faircloth’s Mustang. Although the evidence
offered on Defendant’s behalf tended to show that Mr. Taylor was
seen riding in Mr. Bradshaw’s vehicle after the date upon which
the murder occurred, the same cannot be said of Mr. Taylor’s
claim to have ridden in Ms. Faircloth’s Mustang. As a result, -27- any testimony by Mr. Taylor to the effect that he rode in Ms.
Faircloth’s vehicle did little to rebut Defendant’s claim that
he had been seen in Mr. Bradshaw’s vehicle after his death. As
a result, Mr. Taylor’s rebuttal testimony was not as conclusive
as Defendant tends to suggest.
As a general proposition, reviewing courts have found the
materiality necessary to support an award of relief in instances
in which the defendant’s conviction was based upon the testimony
of the witness who provided the knowingly false evidence. See
Napue, 360 U.S. 264, 79 S. Ct. 1173, 3 L. Ed. 2d 1217; Mooney v.
Holohan, 294 U.S. 103, 55 S. Ct. 340, 79 L. Ed. 791 (1935);
Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 92 S. Ct. 763, 31 L. Ed.
2d 104 (1972); Morgan, 60 N.C. App. 614, 299 S.E.2d 823. In
each of those cases, the State’s case against the defendant
hinged on the testimony of a witness whose credibility could not
be fully evaluated given the prosecution’s failure to fully
disclose reasons for questioning the witness’ veracity. In this
case, on the other hand, the undisclosed evidence related to the
credibility of a witness whose testimony did not have such a
direct bearing on the issue of Defendant’s guilt. As a result,
given that we are unable to determine that “there is any
reasonable likelihood that the [purportedly] false testimony
could have affected the judgment of the jury,” Call, 349 N.C. at -28- 405, 508 S.E.2d at 511, we conclude that the Napue claim set out
in Defendant’s motion for appropriate relief lacks merit.
3. Brady Claim
Finally, Defendant asserts that the State violated his due
process rights by failing to disclose the existence of evidence
tending to show that Ms. Faircloth’s car was not in North
Carolina at the time of Mr. Bradshaw’s murder. Once again, we
conclude that Defendant is not entitled to relief based on this
claim.
As the Supreme Court held in Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S.
83, 87, 83 S. Ct. 1194, 1196-97, 10 L. Ed. 2d 215, 218 (1963),
“the suppression by the prosecution of evidence favorable to an
accused upon request violates due process where the evidence is
material either to guilt or to punishment, irrespective of the
good faith or bad faith of the prosecution.” However, “the
United States Supreme Court [has] rejected the idea that every
nondisclosure automatically constitutes reversible error and
held that ‘prejudicial error must be determined by examining the
materiality of the evidence.’” State v. Tirado, 358 N.C. 551,
589, 599 S.E.2d 515, 540 (2004) (quoting State v. Howard, 334
N.C. 602, 605, 433 S.E.2d 742, 744 (1993)), cert. denied, 544
U.S. 909, 125 S. Ct. 1600, 161 L. Ed. 2d 285 (2005). “‘The
evidence is material only if there is a reasonable probability -29- that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result
of the proceeding would have been different. A “reasonable
probability” is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence
in the outcome.’” Id. at 589, 599 S.E.2d at 540-41 (quoting
United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682, 105 S. Ct. 3375,
3383, 87 L. Ed. 2d 481, 494 (1985)). Assuming, without
deciding, that the State failed to disclose the information upon
which Defendant’s claim relies, we are unable to conclude that
the undisclosed evidence satisfies Brady’s materiality
requirement.
As we have previously indicated, Defendant contends that
his ability to present an effective defense was hampered by the
State’s suggestion on rebuttal that Mr. Taylor was driving Ms.
Faircloth’s Mustang, rather than Mr. Bradshaw’s Mustang,
immediately after Mr. Bradshaw’s death. In view of the fact
that the State’s case against Defendant was a strong one, the
fact that Mr. Taylor was seen in possession of Mr. Bradshaw’s
vehicle after the date of the murder does not tend to exculpate
Defendant, and the fact that Mr. Taylor never testified that he
had been a passenger in Ms. Faircloth’s vehicle around the time
of Mr. Bradshaw’s death, his testimony did little, if anything,
to rebut Defendant’s evidence. As a result, given that the
undisclosed evidence does little to undermine our confidence in -30- the outcome reached at Defendant’s trial, we conclude that
Defendant has failed to establish the materiality of the
undisclosed evidence. As a result, Defendant’s motion for
appropriate relief should be, and hereby is, denied.6
III. Conclusion
Thus, for the reasons set forth above, we conclude that
none of Defendant’s challenges to the trial court’s judgments
have merit and that Defendant’s motion for appropriate relief
should be denied. As a result, the trial court’s judgments
should, and hereby do, remain undisturbed.
NO ERROR.
Judge ROBERT N. HUNTER, Jr., concurred in this opinion
prior to 6 September 2014.
Judge DAVIS concurs.
Report per Rule 30(e). 6 According to N.C. Gen. Stat. § 15A-1418(b), “[w]hen a motion for appropriate relief is made in the appellate division, the appellate court must decide whether the motion may be determined on the basis of the materials before it, [or] whether it is necessary to remand the case to the trial division for taking evidence or conducting other proceedings . . .. If the appellate court does not remand the case for proceedings on the motion, it may determine the motion in conjunction with the appeal and enter its ruling on the motion with its determination of the case.” As a result of our belief that we do not need to have additional factual development in order to decide the issues raised by Defendant’s motion for appropriate relief on materiality grounds, we believe that we are in a position to address the issues raised by Defendant’s motion for appropriate relief on the merits without the necessity for conducting further proceedings.