State v. Bradley

679 P.2d 635, 106 Idaho 358, 1983 Ida. LEXIS 488
CourtIdaho Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 1, 1983
Docket14292
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 679 P.2d 635 (State v. Bradley) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Idaho Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
State v. Bradley, 679 P.2d 635, 106 Idaho 358, 1983 Ida. LEXIS 488 (Idaho 1983).

Opinions

BISTLINE, Justice.

The State of Idaho appeals a district court order suppressing evidence obtained by the State as a result of the arrest of David Bradley in his Pocatello, Idaho, apartment on January 9, 1981. We affirm the district court order.

Bradley for some time had been under surveillance by the Idaho State Bureau of Narcotics on suspicion of drug trafficking. During the course of the investigation, Ed Rankin, a narcotics investigator, made a record check with the State of Oregon regarding Bradley. On January 1, 1981, he received a teletype from Oregon stating that there was a bench warrant issued in that state for Bradley’s arrest for the felony of driving while his license was suspended. Eight days later on January 9, 1981, Officer Rankin and a second officer, Kim Peiper, went to Bradley’s apartment for the stated purpose, as .they would later contend, of determining whether he was the David Bradley wanted in Oregon. The officers had no Idaho arrest warrant and had not applied for one, nor did they have a copy of the Oregon warrant; all they possessed was the copy of the aforesaid teletype message.

Rankin knocked on Bradley’s door and identified himself as a police officer. On conflicting evidence the trial court found that the officers entered Bradley’s apartment without written or oral consent.1 Once inside Bradley’s apartment, the officers ran an NCIC check on Bradley and then placed him under arrest for the re[359]*359ported Oregon traffic offense. Bradley was then given his Miranda rights.

During the course of the arrest inside Bradley's apartment, Officer Rankin observed next to the kitchen sink a plate containing green vegetable matter which was later identified as marijuana. Bradley subsequently made inculpatory statements regarding the location of other contraband on the premises; he was then taken to the Bannock County Jail and booked.

The investigators then sought a warrant to search Bradley’s apartment which was supported by recitation of the contraband observed by the officers and the inculpatory statements made by Bradley at the time of his arrest. The warrant was issued; in executing it the officers seized additional contraband, and they then obtained an Idaho warrant for Bradley’s arrest on a complaint charging possession of a controlled substance with intent to deliver. Bradley, already incarcerated on the basis of the Oregon teletype message, was readily arrested on the Idaho warrant. Oregon not only declined to extradite Bradley, but did not furnish the Idaho authorities with a certified copy of the Oregon warrant.

Suppression was sought upon alleged violation of the Constitutions of the United States and the State of Idaho. The prosecutor urged upon the trial judge that the entry was lawful under the provisions of I.C. § 19-4514.

The district court judge, the Honorable Arthur P. Oliver, in his written order stated: “It is one thing to permit the warrant-less arrest of the defendant in a public place, but quite another to enter the defendant’s residence, absent exigent circumstances, without a warrant and without consent.” R., p. 89. Because the intrusion into defendant’s home was invalid, the court held that the plain view doctrine was inapplicable. The court further held that the inculpatory statements made by Bradley subsequent to his arrest following unlawful entry were tainted and could not properly be used as a basis for obtaining the search warrant, precluding utilization of the evidence obtained as a result of the ensuing search.

The State contends that Idaho peace officers may lawfully enter into a person’s dwelling, without his consent and in the absence of exigent circumstances, for the purpose of making an arrest on the basis of mere knowledge of an outstanding felony warrant from another state. We do not agree.

The United States Supreme Court in Payton v. New York, 445 U.S. 573, 577,100 S.Ct. 1371, 1375, 63 L.Ed.2d 639, 645 (1980), held unconstitutional New York statutes which authorized police officers to enter private residences without warrants and, if necessary, with force, in order to make routine felony arrests. In Payton, the Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment prohibits “the police from making a warrantless and nonconsensual entry into a suspect’s home in order to make a routine felony arrest,” Id. at 577, 100 S.Ct. at 1375, approving therein the language of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals:

“ ‘To be arrested in the home involves not only the invasion attendant to all arrests but also an invasion of the sanctity of the home. This is simply too substantial an invasion to allow without a warrant, at least in the absence of exigent circumstances, even when it is accomplished under statutory authority and when probable cause is clearly present.' ”
Id. at 588-89, 100 S.Ct. at 1381 (quoting United States v. Reed, 572 F.2d 412, 423 (1978), cert. denied, sub nom. Goldsmith v. United States, 439 U.S. 913, 99 S.Ct. 283, 58 L.Ed.2d 259).

The State contends that the entry into Bradley’s apartment does not fall within the gambit of this rule because the officers possessed knowledge of an outstanding Oregon warrant for' Bradley’s arrest. The State argues that “once a judicial officer’s determination of probable cause has been interposed between the zealous officer and the citizen, and a bench warrant has been issued, the requirements of the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitu[360]*360tion have been met.” State’s Brief, p. 12. The State sees no reason that the “judicial officer” need be an Idaho judge or magistrate.

However, it is a well-established principle of law that a warrant from one state has no force or validity outside the boundaries of that state. Street v. Cherba, 662 F.2d 1037 (4th Cir.1981); State v. Everett, 110 Ariz. 429, 520 P.2d 301 (1974), cert. denied, .419 U.S. 880, 95 S.Ct. 144, 42 L.Ed.2d 120 (1974); People v. Coto, 199 Colo. 508, 611 P.2d 969 (1980). See Am. Jur.2d Arrest § 66 (1969) and cases cited at note 18 therein.

People v. Coto is virtually identical. In that ease, Colorado officers from the Organized Crime Strike Force were investigating a Michael Coto. The officers learned that a warrant had been issued in Florida for a Michael Coto’s arrest. The officers went to the Coto residence, without a Colorado arrest warrant, but with knowledge of the Florida warrant, and entered the Coto residence absent consent or exigent circumstances. While in the Coto residence, the officers discovered a small quantity of marijuana and several large bales of the type used to transport marijuana. A search warrant was then procured by one of the officers. A subsequent search resulted in the seizure of two hundred pounds of marijuana. Thereafter, charges were filed against Coto for the unlawful possession of a dangerous drug with intent to dispense. The Colorado Supreme Court held that:

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State v. Bradley
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Bluebook (online)
679 P.2d 635, 106 Idaho 358, 1983 Ida. LEXIS 488, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/state-v-bradley-idaho-1983.